Hal-Diderot
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‘Das sich mein Vnterthan in höchster Angst erquick’ – Andreas Gryphius Carolus Stuardus (1663) als humanistisches Nationaltheater
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Métaphraséographie, conception phraséographique : dictionnaire d\'apprentissage des UP en FLE
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Equity Scores for Public Transit Lines from Open-Data and Accessibility Measures
No full textInternational audienceCurrent transit suffers from an evident inequity: the level of service of transit in suburbs is much less satisfying than in city centers. As a consequence, private cars are still the dominant transportation mode for suburban people, which results in congestion and pollution. To achieve sustainability goals and reduce car-dependency, transit should be (re)designed around equity. To this aim, it is necessary to (i) quantify the "level of equity" of the transit system and (ii) provide an indicator that scores the transit lines that contribute the most to keep transit equitable. This indicator could suggest on which lines the transit operator must invest to increase the service level (frequency or coverage) in order to reduce inequity in the system. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to tackle (ii). To this aim, we propose efficient scoring methods that rely solely on open data, which allows us to perform the analysis on multiple cities (7 in this paper). Our method can be used to guide large-scale iterative optimization algorithms to improve accessibility equity
Extraordinary Births in the 16th century
No full textInternational audienceThe idea of birth has stimulated imaginations since the beginning of time, but especially during the period we call the Renaissance. At this ‘dawn of modernity’, ‘early modernity’ as commonly termed in the anglophone academy, physicians begin to pay scientific attention to gynaecology and obstetrics. But, also, humanists of the period take an ever more intense interest in the way that human beings are made, even to the point that they dream of the making of a new kind of Man. Doctors meditate on births considered monstruous, as in the case of Ambroise Paré, or unnatural, as with Jean Liébault, or artificial, as recounted by François Rousset in his 'Treatise on Hysterotomokie or Caesarian Birth'. At the same time some writers, like Boccaccio, Rabelais, or Béroalde de Verville, depict near-comical pregnancies or births, and chronicles report cases of pregnant men. This period also sees theologians questioning the birth of Christ, or Eve, and when demonologists become obsessed with witches’ wombs, even with the demonic nails that they were reputed to generate. Naturalists believe in the “spontaneous generation” of bees; alchemists, like Paracelsus, try to create 'homunculi' in vials… Finally, among artists as well as authors, metaphors of procreation, fertilization and childbirth are omnipresent: Michelangelo, Leonardo di Vinci, Filarete, Erasmus, or Montaigne, offer just some examples among many. My purpose is to study, in the light of some of these extraordinary births, what one might call the “humanist maieutics” or the “obstetric paradigm” of the Renaissance. In conclusion, a discussion could be held on current techniques, such as Assisted Reproductive Technology, or more futuristic ideas of the artificial uterus or clone: elements of transhumanist dreams of renouncing sexual reproduction, and generating a superior humanity.NAISSANCES EXTRAORDINAIRES AU XVIe SIÈCLEDe tout temps et en tous lieux, la naissance a suscité quantité de fantasmes. Mais surtout à l’époque que nous appelons Renaissance : non seulement parce qu’en cette « aube de notre Modernité » les médecins commencent à prêter une attention scientifique à la gynécologie et à l’obstétrique, mais aussi parce que l’on s’intéresse plus que jamais à la fabrique de l’humain et que l’on rêve d'un Homme nouveau, surgi de la "grande matrice mondaine".Tandis que des chirurgiens méditent sur les naissances réputées monstrueuses (Paré), contre-nature (Liébault, Estienne) ou artificielles (comme la césarienne de Rousset), la littérature populaire met en scène des gestations facétieuses ou des accouchements cocasses (Boccace, Rabelais, Béroalde de Verville…) et les recueils de chroniques rapportent des cas d’hommes enceints. Parallèlement, certains théologiens interrogent la naissance du Christ ou celle d’Ève, des démonologues se passionnent pour la matrice des sorcières et les clous diaboliques qu’elle façonne. Les naturalistes expérimentent la « génération spontanée » des abeilles ; les alchimistes cherchent, comme Paracelse, à fabriquer des homoncules dans des fioles… Enfin, chez les artistes et les écrivains sont omniprésentes les métaphores de la procréation, de l’ensemencement et de l’enfantement (témoins Michel-Ange, Léonard, Filarète, Érasme, Montaigne…). Mon propos est d’étudier, à la lumière de quelques-unes de ces naissances extraordinaires, ce que l’on pourrait appeler la « maïeutique humaniste » ou le « paradigme obstétrical » de la Renaissance. En conclusion, un débat pourrait s’ouvrir sur les réalités techniques actuelles (PMA) et les rêves du transhumanisme (utérus artificiel, clonage) qui ambitionne de renoncer à la reproduction sexuée pour engendrer une humanité supérieure
Les arts et les littératures balkaniques (XIXe-XXIe siècles) au prisme de l’engagement féministe
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Unified Generalized H2 Nonlinear Parameter Varying Observer: Application to Automotive Suspensions
No full textInternational audienceThis paper extends the unified observer design problem to the class of Nonlinear Parameter Varying (NLPV) systems with parameter dependence in both the dynamics and the control input matrices. First, parameterization of the observer matrices, herein generalized for the NLPV case, allows us to decouple the input disturbance from the estimation error. Then, the vanishing disturbance caused by the nonlinearity is bounded by the Lipschitz property and the effect of measurement noise on the error is minimized using the generalized H2 condition. Both objectives are combined into a single framework thanks to the S-procedure. Furthermore, the asymptotic stability of the error is tackled using a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function, then a grid-based Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) solution is provided, which reduces conservatism. The efficiency of this observer is illustrated and compared with an LPV observer through the damper force estimation problem, a crucial topic in semi-active suspensions
‘Überzeugen ist unfruchtbar’. Zu verschwörungsreligiösen Rechtfertigungsstrategien von Gewalt
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Inherited human ITK deficiency impairs IFN-γ immunity and underlies tuberculosis
No full textInternational audienceInborn errors of IFN-γ immunity can underlie tuberculosis (TB). We report three patients from two kindreds without EBV viremia or disease but with severe TB and inherited complete ITK deficiency, a condition associated with severe EBV disease that renders immunological studies challenging. They have CD4+ αβ T lymphocytopenia with a concomitant expansion of CD4−CD8− double-negative (DN) αβ and Vδ2− γδ T lymphocytes, both displaying a unique CD38+CD45RA+T-bet+EOMES− phenotype. Itk-deficient mice recapitulated an expansion of the γδ T and DN αβ T lymphocyte populations in the thymus and spleen, respectively. Moreover, the patients’ T lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ in response to TCR crosslinking, mitogens, or forced synapse formation with autologous B lymphocytes. Finally, the patients’ total lymphocytes secrete small amounts of IFN-γ, and CD4+, CD8+, DN αβ T, Vδ2+ γδ T, and MAIT cells display impaired IFN-γ production in response to BCG. Inherited ITK deficiency undermines the development and function of various IFN-γ–producing T cell subsets, thereby underlying TB
A revised description of the binary CaCl2-H2O chemical system up to solution-mineral equilibria and temperatures of 250°C using Pitzer equations. Extension to the multicomponent HCl-LiCl-NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-CaCl2-H2O system
No full textInternational audienceCalcium chloride is a highly soluble chemical compound involved in variable amounts in many natural and industrial environments. The description of its chemical properties and mineral-solution equilibrium conditions must cover a wide range of temperatures and chemical compositions, including saline solutions. This article reports an improved model for the thermodynamic accurate description of the CaCl2-H2O chemical system according to the Pitzer formalism from 25 to 250°C, over the whole concentration range between pure water and the solubility of salts (up to 30 M). It accounts for the aqueous speciation of the CaCl2 electrolyte, according to the partial molar properties of the Ca2+, CaCl+, CaCl20 and Cl- aqueous species described by the HKF theory. The numerical stability, resulting from the lowered ionic strength in comparison to full dissociation, facilitates the development of temperature- dependent models for ternary systems containing the main major cations: H+, Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2
Disease progression score estimation from multimodal imaging and microRNA data using supervised variational autoencoders
No full textInternational audienceFrontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are rare neurodegenerative diseases with no effective treatment. The development of biomarkers allowing an accurate assessment of disease progression is crucial for evaluating new therapies. Concretely, neuroimaging and transcriptomic (microRNA) data have been shown useful in tracking their progression. However, no single biomarker can accurately measure progression in these complex diseases. Additionally, large samples are not available for such rare disorders. It is thus essential to develop methods that can model disease progression by combining multiple biomarkers from small samples. In this paper, we propose a new framework for computing a disease progression score (DPS) from cross-sectional multimodal data. Specifically, we introduce a supervised multimodal variational autoencoder that can infer a meaningful latent space, where latent representations are placed along a disease trajectory. A score is computed by orthogonal projections onto this path. We evaluate our framework with multiple synthetic datasets and with a real dataset containing 14 patients, 40 presymptomatic genetic mutation carriers and 37 controls from the PREV-DEMALS study. There is no ground truth for the DPS in real-world scenarios, therefore we use the area under the ROC curve (AUC) as a proxy metric. Results with the synthetic datasets support this choice, since the higher the AUC, the more accurate the predicted simulated DPS. Experiments with the real dataset demonstrate better performance in comparison with stateof-the-art approaches. The proposed framework thus leverages cross-sectional multimodal datasets with small sample sizes to objectively measure disease progression, with potential application in clinical trials