Hal-Diderot
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Economic Impact of Potato Virus Y (PVY) in Europe
No full textInternational audienceAs the fourth most prevalent food crop, potato is very important in the global economy, but it is affected by numerous pests, and by many bacterial, viral and fungal diseases. Among these diseases, potato virus Y (PVY), which is transmitted from plant to plant by aphids, causes significant yield losses, but as far as we know, the economic impact of PVY in Europe has not been quantified. Our economic study covers a period of 13 years between 2004 and 2017 and is based on an analysis of statistical, economic and agronomic data, obtained from various stakeholders in the potato sector in Switzerland and the European Union, as well as from field experiments. In Switzerland, the economic loss due to PVY for seed and ware production was estimated at about 2000 and 200 CHF/ha, respectively. For the European Union, the annual losses were estimated at 187 M EUR, respectively 96 and 91 M EUR for seed and ware. These losses were due mainly to the cost of chemical treatments applied in seed potato production and the yield drop in ware potato production. However, based on literature, these significant losses are lower than those caused by potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans), which is considered to be the most economically damaging potato disease in Europe
"Nous savons que nous serons jugés." Morale et histoire dans le théâtre de Sartre
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A few words about quantum computing, epistemology, repeatability and reproducibility
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Analyzing COVID-Related Social Discourse on Twitter using Emotion, Sentiment, Political Bias, Stance, Veracity and Conspiracy Theories
No full textInternational audienceOnline misinformation has become a major concern in recent years, and it has been further emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social media platforms, such as Twitter, can be serious vectors of misinformation online. In order to better understand the spread of these fake-news, lies, deceptions, and rumours, we analyze the correlations between the following textual features in tweets: emotion, sentiment, political bias, stance, veracity and conspiracy theories. We train several transformer-based classifiers from multiple datasets to detect these textual features and identify potential correlations using conditional distributions of the labels. Our results show that the online discourse regarding some topics, such as COVID-19 regulations or conspiracy theories, is highly controversial and reflects the actual U.S. political landscape
Coaxial Ion Source : pressure dependence of gas flow and field ion emission
No full textWe investigated the pressure dependence of gas flow and field ion intensity of a coaxial ion source operating at room temperature over a wide pressure range, testing various gases and ionisation voltages. Flow conductance measurements taking into account the different gases' viscosity and molecular mass consistently exhibit a generic pattern. Three different flow regimes appear with increasing upstream pressure. Since the coaxial ion source supplies the gas locally, very near the apex of the tip where ionisation occurs, large ionisation currents can be obtained without degrading the propagation conditions of the beam. Compared with field ionisation in a partial pressure chamber, using the coaxial ion source increases the ion current a hundredfold for the same residual low pressure. We also show that the gas flow regime does not impact ionisation yield. Although a fuller characterisation remains to be performed, brightness reaches 3 × 10 11 A/m 2 /sr at 12kV extracting voltage. a) https://www.cinam.univ-mrs.fr
Moyen Âge postcatastrophique: L’utopie nostalgique au prisme de la mésocritique
No full textInternational audienceLors d’une conférence prononcée en 1984, Umberto Eco dressait le constat d’un regain d’intérêt pour le Moyen Âge dans la culture occidentale d’alors. Cela reste vrai quatre décennies plus tard et le phénomène teinte un grand nombre de fictions postcatastrophiques dans lesquelles cette période historique est mise à profit pour dépeindre sous un jour dysphorique le retour de la barbarie après la chute de la civilisation telle que nous la connaissons ou, sous un jour euphorique, la possibilité de faire table rase d’une société complexe et chaotique, mais aussi de revoir la manière d’habiter la Terre en prenant pour inspiration un monde réputé simple, ordonné, à l’échelle humaine.Dans cet essai de mésocritique, Christophe Duret cherche à comprendre le goût pour le Moyen Âge dans la fiction post-catastrophique des deux dernières décennies. Il y voit une réponse à un malaise dans l’habiter contemporain dont on retrouve de nombreux échos dans la littérature, la bande dessinée, le cinéma, les séries télévisées et les jeux vidéo, de Cloud Atlas à The Walking Dead, en passant par The Maze Runner, entre autres œuvres examinées, où sont esquissées des utopies nostalgiques à saveur médiévaliste
Forecasting YouTube QoE over SATCOM
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate the feasibility of using machine learning methods for predicting the Quality of Experience (QoE) of end users in the context of video streaming over satellite networks. To achieve this, we analyzed QoE and traffic data from 2,400 YouTube video sessions over emulated geosynchronous (GSO) satellite links. The objective is to determine whether existing learning methods, originally developed for wired or mobile networks, can be adapted to accurately predict key QoE factors over SATCOM. We particularly investigate a specific existing framework, which achieves outstanding performance in predicting resolution and initial delay. However, we point out some discrepancies in their hypothesis, leading to optimistic forecasting results. We then refine their methodology to ensure a complete independence between training and test datasets, leading to a fairer QoE video streaming forecast over satellite networks
Beyond the Storm: an Exploratory Survey on HR Managers' Representations of Epidemic-Induced Telework
No full textInternational audienceThis paper sets out to provide insights into how HR managers experienced epidemic-induced telework, understood as an unprecedented form of telework due to its scale and effects on organizations and individuals. So far, scholars have mostly studied epidemic-induced telework through surveys and interviews conducted with teleworkers themselves. By contrast, the present paper investigates HR managers' representations of epidemic-induced telework. It is argued that the question is both timely and significant, since HR managers usually play important decisionmaking roles in the design of teleworking policies. Following an exploratory survey addressed to HR managers of Belgian firms conducted between April and May 2021, four ideal types of managerial reactions to epidemic-induced telework are developed: entrepreneurs, preservers, adapters, and questioners. These ideal types make it possible to better characterize the wide heterogeneity of HR managers' experiences of the pandemic and attitudes towards epidemicinduced telework
The Impact of Cost-to-Income Ratio on Bank Performance in Nigeria
No full textInternational audienceThe study focused on the cost-to-income ratio (CIR) as a measure of efficiency and its impact on bank performance of tier 1 and tier 2 banks in Nigeria. The results revealed that the impact of CIR on return on assets (ROA) is negative and significant, reflecting the detrimental effect of high CIR on bank performance. With capital adequacy and bank size, the impact of CIR on ROA became positive, although insignificant. However, in terms of size effect, the tier 2 banks showed more negative impact than the tier 1 banks. Thus, with a high cost-to-income ratio, the performance of the tier 1 banks is better than the tier 2 banks, implying that the tier 1 banks are more cost-efficient
Case Report on Ectopic Third Molar in Maxillary Sinus
No full textInternational audienceEctopic tooth in the maxillary sinus is a rare occurrence. There are multiple etiologies of this condition, including developmental disruption, pathological process, iatrogenic, and in rare cases no recognized reason. Ectopic teeth in the maxillary sinus are noticed by accident during routine radiological examinations. A 38-year-old married female reported to the Department of oral medicine and oral surgery at the University Dental Clinic of Monastir-Tunisia. She has been experiencing pain in the left side of the face and a chronic headache for two months. Orthopantography and computed tomography are used to identify the existence of an ectopic tooth within the left maxillary sinus. The Modified Caldwell-Luc Technique was executed to remove the tooth. The patient remained free of the presenting symptoms three months later. Although the existence of an ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus is rare, it should be evaluated and detected as soon as possible. An ectopic tooth in the maxillary sinus needs to be extracted since it might cause cyst development if left untreated. The modified Caldwell-Luc method, which offers a clear view into the maxillary sinus, is the standard approach