Portal of Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journals
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Sediment Yield Problems in Khassa Chai Watershed Using Hydrologic Models
No full textUpland erosion and sedimentation are one of the severe problems which faces dams as sediments occupy spaces within reservoirs storage, hence, decreasing live water storage which is the main purpose of dam’s construction. Iraq is one of the countries that will face a significant shortage of water income as a result of both the increment in water demand and of the reduction of water shares from the source countries. Thus, the existing dams in Iraq represent a strategic resource to fulfill water demands, and the sedimentation at these dams is studied to assess the quantity of sediments that reach to these reservoirs and decrease available water volume and useful life of reservoir. In the current study, Khassa Chai Dam is located in the Northeast of Iraq and its main watershed basin covers an area of about 412 km2 between Kirkuk and Al Sulaymaniyah Governorates has been selected to estimate and predict the amount of sediment yield based on 30 years of daily climate data and the events of different intensity rainstorms. Automated geospatial watershed assessment (AGWA) tool model has been used to simulate Khassa Chai Dam catchment area. This model utilizes the geographic information system (GIS) application to analyze the required data from GIS layer for digital elevation model, soil type, land use, and land cover by interference with the required climate data. The key components of AGWA model are the soil and water assessment tool model and kinematic runoff and erosion (KINEROS) model which are able to simulate complex watershed behavior to explicitly account for spatial variability of soils, rainfall distribution patterns, and vegetation. The hydrologic characteristics for Khassa Chai catchment area according to the SWAT outputs show that the most erosive sub-basins are not able to deliver the eroded material or sediments to the reservoir due to their transmission losses, percolation, and other minor obstacles. KINEROS model simulation for sediment yield is much closer to the behavior of Khassa Chai watershed in erosion and sediment transport according to the single storm events and for individually selected sub-watersheds which are closed in their location to reservoir inlet
Exploration of Amylases Producing Competency of Helicoverpa armigera Gut Bacterial Strain, Bacillus subtilis RTSBA6 6.00
No full textThe Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous insect pest of agriculturally important crops. The alkaline gut of this insect pest possesses diverse bacterial communities which may assist in digestive physiology. As part our investigations of understanding the role of gut bacterial communities in insect gut, here amylase producing competency of earlier identified H. armigera gut bacterial strain, i.e., Bacillus subtilis RTSBA6 6.00 is reported. Initial screening for amylase activity was assessed by starch agar plate. Upon 7% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis amylase zymography, bacterial culture supernatant produced seven amylase bands on the gel. The observed molecular weights of amylases were 191.2 KDa, 158.0 KDa, 131.7 KDa, 54.0 KDa, 31.3 KDa, 67.2 KDa, and 44.6 KDa, respectively. Considerable amylase activity was observed in neutral to alkaline pH with optimum at pH 6.8. The optimal activity temperature of amylases was found to be 50°C, and the activity decreased dramatically at temperatures above 75°C
Long Time Stability Investigation for Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ti-doped Barium Ferrite
No full textBarium hexaferrite (BHF) (BaFe12O19) and its substituted derivatives have been considered as the most potential magnetic candidates with considerable chemical stability and physiochemical characteristics. BHF with x ferrite ions substituted by titanium (Ti-doped BTHF) (BaTixFe12-xO19) (x=1 and x=3) was prepared from ferric oxide (Fe2O3), barium oxide (BaO), and titanium oxide (TiO2) of purity >98%. The materials were mixed with deionized water and then dried at 1100°C and 1200°C overnight. For the formation of BaFe12O19 phase, the mixture was annealed at a rate of 10°C/min in static air atmosphere until reaching 1200°C and then maintained for 10 h. Structural properties of these samples were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy, while magnetic properties were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) device. Magnetic and structural characteristics are investigated after preserving Ti-doped BHF samples at room temperature and ambient conditions for 12 years. The samples are characterized using the same previous techniques to find out the possible effect of long period storage on their properties. The results showed that the storage process has little effect on these properties where the granular size increased due to increased oxidation. XRD tests also showed the absence of Ti at low ratios due to increased oxidation of ferrite. VSM results showed increased magnetic properties after storage due to increased iron oxide
The Factors Affecting Customer Relationship Management Implementation at DHL Company in Baghdad, Iraq
No full textCustomer relationship management, CRM, has the ability to achieve success and growth of enterprises in the present time’s environment of broad competition and rapid technological development. CRM helps organizations to know the customers well and to establish sustainable relationships with them. The main goal of this study is to investigate the factors affecting CRM implementation at DHL Baghdad. To achieve this goal and considering the research model, four hypotheses were formulated, and the required data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The data was quantitatively analyzed using SPSS 17. According to the findings derived from the data analysis, the researchers concluded that the first factor (technology) has a positive and significant influence on CRM implementation. While, the other three factors (human resource, knowledge of CRM and knowledge management) had an insignificant but positive influence on CRM implementation. Thus, H1 was supported, while H2, H3 and H4 were partly supported
The Role of Private International Law in Solving Rivers' Pollution Conflicts: Comparative Study
No full textيدور هذا البحث حول امكانية حماية الانهار الدولية (وهي الانهار التي تمر في اراضي اكثر من دولة واحدة ) من التلوث الذي يهدد البشرية بعدما اولت التشريعات اهمية بالغة بالبيئة وسبل حمايتها من التلوث. نحاول في هذا البحث اعمال قواعد الاسناد الخاص بحالات تنازع القوانين في مسائل الاعمال غير المشروعة على التلوث البيئي لمياه الانهار الدولية مع الاشارة الى نهري دجلة والفرات في العراق بعدما فشلت الاتفاقيات الدولية من حل هذه الاشكالية الخطرة نتيجة عدم التزام الدول بهذه الاتفاقيات The piece of research is focused on the possibility of protecting international rivers, (that is to say, the rivers passing through the territories of more than one state), from the pollution threatening the human kind. After the legislations gave significant attention to the environment, and the ways how they could be protected from pollution. Therefore, we shall try to apply connecting factors specialized in solving the conflict of laws within the context of illegal acts pertaining to environmental pollution of waters of international rivers. With the reference made to both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Iraq. After the international treaties had failed to solve this dangerous dilemma, as the result of the non-obligation with them.  
Prediction the Groundwater Depth using Kriging Method and Bayesian Kalman Filter Approach in Erbil Governorate
No full textThe aim of this research is using the kriging method as one of geostatistics interpolation methods on the measured value of the specific part and Bayesian Kalman filter to identifying the depth of Groundwater in Erbil. Geostatistics is a tool which is developed for statistical analysis of any continuous data that can be measured at any location in the space. The Kalman filter is the Bayesian optimum solution to the problem of estimating the unknown state of a dynamic system from noisy data and is more efficient than computing the estimate directly from the entire past observed data. The main goal of this work is to predict anew value at the unmeasured location by kriging method and Bayesian Kalman filter and compare these two methods. The dataset is the observed values of the (295) wells that had been taken from a known specific place which called Shaqlawa – in Erbil Governorate. The comparison was done by calculating mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) for the value of the depth of groundwater in the eara of the study. The values of (MAE and RMSE) of each models are compared and the smaller values of them are the better interpolation as it shown in analyzing to evaluate the precision of the prediction
Measuring the Score Matching of the Pairwise Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequencing using Neuro-Fuzzy
No full textThe proposed model for getting the score matching of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence is introduced; the Neuro-Fuzzy procedure is the strategy actualized in this paper; it is used the collection of biological information of the DNA sequence performing with global and local calculations so as to advance the ideal arrangement; we utilize the pairwise DNA sequence alignment to gauge the score of the likeness, which depend on information gathering from the pairwise DNA series to be embedded into the implicit framework; an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model is reasonable for foreseeing the matching score through the preparation and testing in neural system and the induction fuzzy system in fuzzy logic that accomplishes the outcome in elite execution
Figuring out the Varieties in Reporting News with an Eye on Translation and Semiotics
No full textAlthough most of the people focus on the written message and forget about other non-verbal messages, some researchers keep looking for other signal that might send some messages but are stronger enough to affect the readers. This research is an attempt to figure out the size of the blackout that we experience in the world concerning reporting news. The reasons behind such vagueness are the factors encompassed in delivering the news like the translator’s viewpoint and signs translation. The semiotic approach has been used to shed light on these elements and to raise the attention of readers before taking every little news guaranteed.
 
Black Public Relations and its Negative Implementation: International Samples
No full textالبحث يطرح تاكيد رؤية مستقبلية لمواجهة تعاظم تداعيات التزييف في العلاقات العامة السوداء وبالرغم من الصعوبة التي يواجهها الباحث في تقديم اجابات سليمة عن النجاحات التي تحققها العلاقات العامة السوداء في مجتمعات دول العالم حتى المتقدمة منها بسبب تداخل المتغيرات المحلية مع المتغيرات الاقليمية والدولية وتطور قدرات ثورة المعلومات والاتصالات وهنا لابد من ديمومة تاكيد الباحثين على خطورة تعاظم حجم ونوع تاثير العلاقات العامة السوداء والتمييز بينها وبين العلاقات العامة الايجابية
Public relations ware based on the exchange of opinions and analysis a public opinion through two directions, The first is the communication issued by the institution or the individual to the society, which is based on informing them about the institution or the individual of the different products in a sincere and honest manner and through the means of communication, the second direction is when public relations transfer the views of society about the institution or individuals and their activities in a scientific manner and lead to the achievement of corrective action for the course of the work of the institution or individual. But there is another direction in public relations we can call it third direction or call it black or negative public relations and It is the process of deliberately spreading negative information about someone or about an issue beyond the description of the true public picture of the person or issue On the management of reputation, this trend has a number of techniques used and has the pros and cons we will address in this researc
Middle East Engines Security for the period 1979-2018: Analytical Future Vision
No full textمستقبل الامن الشرق اوسطي صعب التنبؤ به ، وايةُ محاولة لقديم مشاهد في المستقبل القريب قابلة للتحقق ، لا بد لها ان تحلل اهم الاحداث في الماضي القريب، والتي تمتلك مؤثرات ما زالت فاعلة زمنها يتعدى الحاضر الى المستقبل المنظور او البعيد ، ويمكننا ان نطلق على هذه المؤثرات محركات تفضي الى تدعيم، او تصديع الامن في الشرق الاوسط . المحللون في الامن الشرق اوسطي لا يمكنهم تغاطي الدور المؤثر للقوى الدولية التي تقف بشكل كبير خلف خلق هذه المؤثرات اضافة الى عوامل موضوعية محلية واقليمية اخرى غالباً ما تدعم التدخل الدولي حيث تشكل منطقة الشرق الاوسط اكبر مركز استقطاب لسياسات القوى العظمى في ظل غياب نظام شرق اوسطي يقف امام التدفق المتواصل لهذا التأثير، وكان هذا العامل خلف انتاج قضايا دولية معاصرة تثير اهتمام دول عديدة في العالم ، ولا يمكن لأي دولة منفردة ان تحل أي قضية من هذه القضايا ، مثل القضية الفلسطينية ، والقضية الكوردية ، وقضية الارهاب ، وقضية الحروب المحلية التي تؤدي الى حروب اقليمية بسبب تداعيات الطائفية السياسية، ونزاعات الحدود والمياه ، وانتهاك حقوق الاقليات، وحقوق وحريات الانسان، والهجرات الشرعية، وغير الشرعية ، وتوسع الجرائم المنظمة والجرائم الاجتماعية ، التي شكلت مدخلات لبروز وانتشار وبقاء هذه المحركات. كل هذه القضايا تتفاعل وكأنها محركات تولد ازمات ، مشاكل، نزاعات، صراعات كانت وما تزال تؤثر سلباً في استقرار الامن في منطقة الشرق الاوسط. ان البحث في هذه المحركات في اطار زمني يمتد من 1979 ولغاية 2018 جاء بسبب تميز هذه الحقبة بمحركات رتبت مع غيرها في منطقة الشرق الاوسط ، ومناطق اخرى من العالم تبدل النظام الدولي من ثنائي القطبية الى احادي القطبية، ثم الى فوضى قد تفضي الى نظام دولي متعدد الاقطاب.Having the mental capacity to come closer to the proper prediction of the future of security in the Middle East requires studying and analyzing the most important issues and crises that affected security in the Middle East from 1979 to 2018, and these issues and crises continue to significantly affect the image of security in the Middle East, Middle East in the near future