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THE ROLE OF DIET IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS
Get PDFBackground: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit. Although hormonal factors are well-recognized in its pathophysiology, emerging evidence suggests that dietary factors may influence the onset, severity, and progression of acne.
Objective: This review aims to evaluate the current literature on the role of diet in acne vulgaris, focusing on specific dietary components that may exacerbate or alleviate the condition.
Methods: A literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between dietary patterns—including glycemic index, dairy intake, dietary fats, and micronutrients—and acne pathogenesis. The biological mechanisms through which these factors may influence sebaceous activity, inflammation, and hormonal regulation were also explored. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: “acne vulgaris,” “IGF-1 and acne,” “mTORC1 acne pathway,” and “inflammatory skin diseases.” Studies were selected based on their relevance to dietary modulation of acne pathophysiology, mechanistic insights, and clinical outcomes.
Results: High-glycemic index diets, dairy consumption, and saturated and trans fats have been associated with increased acne severity, potentially through the stimulation of insulin and IGF-1 (nsulin-like growth factor-1) pathways, activation of mTORC1, and upregulation of sebum production. Conversely, diets low in glycemic load and rich in omega-3 fatty acids may have protective effects by reducing inflammation and normalizing sebaceous gland activity.
Conclusion: Diet appears to play a significant role in acne pathophysiology through various hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms. While further large-scale and controlled studies are needed, dietary modification may serve as a useful adjunct in acne management
CALYPSO MUSIC: A POPULAR CULTURE FOR ESTABLISHING THE SENSE OF IDENTITY AND RESISTANCE
Get PDFCalypso music emerges as a significant cultural feature and sign revealing the socio–historical continuum between Africa and the New World, since this musical genre is mutually and inextrably interconnected with the plantation fields and the many enslaved Africans. And because the African diaspora in the New World has been rigid and more enduring, suffering gives birth to myriads of artistic expressions and oral forms burgeoning from the inherently brutal treatment of planters, such as religious songs, folktales, and ritual practices. Therefore, Calypso appears as a unique mingling of dance and music expressing the African sensibility in terms of orality. Calypsonians, thus, continue in their imaginatively inventive tools and ways of artistic resistance to the diverse images of oppression and exploitation. On the other side, because of the privileged position it occupies in the Caribbean society, Calypso acts as a distinctive expression of collective identity. Therefore, this paper examines the relationship between the traumatic history and Calypso as a folkloric culture, and explores how this popular culture emerges as a site of negotiating identity and power relations. It concludes that Calypso and carnivals, as positive responses to the colonial hostilities, have continued to play major roles in establishing collective behaviors, maintaining the sense of identity, and emphasizing resistance through performance styles to preserve the bonds of their cultural heritage
EMOTIONAL PERCEPTION DISTURBANCES IN ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Get PDFAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and debilitating disorder with the highest standardized mortality rate among all mental health conditions. It is associated with cognitive impairments and difficulties in emotional regulation. Individuals with AN often exhibit a reduced ability to recognize emotions (Emotion Recognition Ability – ERA), particularly when it comes to negative emotions. The efficiency of emotion recognition has been found to correlate with Body Mass Index (BMI) and the duration of the illness, which may suggest a decline in socio-emotional functioning and neurobiological changes caused by prolonged starvation.
Impaired emotion recognition is linked to poorer treatment outcomes, making it crucial to focus on enhancing this skill during AN therapy. Since ERA plays a fundamental role in nonverbal communication – and, by extension, in social interactions – further research in this area is warranted. Available training programs aimed at improving emotion recognition abilities have the potential to significantly enhance communication between patients and healthcare providers as well as close relatives, thereby positively influencing the therapeutic process
LUSPATERCEPT – AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF ANEMIA IN BETA-THALASSEMIA AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Get PDFIneffective erythropoiesis (IE) is a hallmark of several hematologic disorders, including β-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), leading to chronic anemia and transfusion dependence. IE is often driven by disrupted late-stage erythroid maturation, mediated by overactivation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway within the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. This review summarizes current evidence on the mechanism of action and clinical efficacy of luspatercept, a novel activin receptor ligand trap that enhances erythroid maturation by inhibiting Smad2/3 signaling. A literature search was conducted using PubMed through February 2025, focusing on clinical trials and mechanistic studies of luspatercept in β-thalassemia and MDS. In β-thalassemia, luspatercept significantly reduced transfusion burden in phase I–III trials. The pivotal BELIEVE study demonstrated that ≥33% transfusion reduction was achieved in a significantly higher proportion of patients receiving luspatercept compared to placebo. In low-risk MDS (LR-MDS), phase II PACE-MDS and phase III COMMANDS trials showed that luspatercept induced erythroid response (HI-E) and transfusion independence (RBC-TI) in a substantial proportion of patients. COMMANDS further revealed that luspatercept outperformed epoetin alfa in achieving ≥12-week RBC-TI and ≥1.5 g/dL hemoglobin increase, regardless of SF3B1 mutation status or baseline erythropoietin levels. Luspatercept presents a promising treatment strategy for IE in β-thalassemia and LR-MDS. Its ability to promote erythropoiesis, reduce transfusion needs, and maintain a favorable safety profile supports its potential as a new standard of care. Ongoing research will help define its role across broader patient populations
PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION IN NEONATAL JAUNDICE: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
Get PDFObjective: The objective of this paper is to review the adjunctive role of probiotics in the treatment of neonatal jaundice (NJ), focusing on mechanisms, clinical trial evidence, and synergy with phototherapy.
Methods: Narrative synthesis of randomized controlled trials, mechanistic studies, and meta-analyses of probiotic interventions in term and preterm infants with hyperbilirubinemia.
Results: Probiotics, especially Saccharomyces boulardii and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP 9 enhance bilirubin clearance via gut modulation, decreased β glucuronidase activity, improved motility, and strengthened barrier integrity. Clinical trials report faster bilirubin decline, shorter phototherapy time, and better feeding tolerance. Multi-strain products also show positive outcomes, though variability in strains and dosing persists.
Conclusions: Probiotics are safe and effective adjuncts to phototherapy in treating NJ. Future standardized large RCTs with long-term follow-up are necessary to define precise clinical guidelines
NOT JUST DRYNESS: A REVIEW OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN PRIMARY SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME
Get PDFIntroduction: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands, but it can also involve the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a diverse extraglandular manifestation of pSS, with distal axonal polyneuropathy and sensory neuronopathy (ganglionopathy) being the most prevalent subtypes. PN symptoms often precede the diagnosis of pSS, posing a diagnostic challenge.
Materials and methods: An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed. Search terms included ‘primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS)’, ‘peripheral neuropathy’, ‘neurological involvement’, ‘Neuro-Sjogren’, ‘polyneuropathy’, ‘small fibre neuropathy’ as keywords. This review focused on articles published in English from their inception until 2025.
Conclusions: Diagnostic approaches combine clinical evaluation, electrophysiological testing, and other procedures such as nerve and skin biopsies. Treatment remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of neuropathic presentations and limited evidence guiding clinical decisions. Corticosteroids are primarily effective in neuropathies associated with vasculitis. Immunosuppressive agents and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are also commonly used. In addition, effective symptomatic management of neuropathic pain plays an important role in the overall care of the patient. As evidence on the treatment of PN in pSS is limited further research is needed. Early detection and individualized treatment are essential to improve patients’ quality of life
INNOVATIONS IN OBESITY TREATMENT – GLP – 1 PHARMACOTHERAPY AND BARIATRIC SURGERY
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is a growing global health challenge requiring effective, long - term treatment strategies. This paper focus on two leading innovations: GLP - 1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery. GLP - 1 - based pharmacotherapy, including agents like semaglutide and tirzepatide, has shown impressive weight loss outcomes by regulating appetite and glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, bariatric procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass remain the most effective interventions for severe obesity, offering sustained weight reduction and improvement of metabolic comorbidities. By comparing the efficiency, safety, and indications of both approaches, this paper show how pharmacological and surgical treatments can work synergistically to improve patient outcomes in obesity management.
Aim: The aim of this article is to highlight the challenges involved in treating obesity especially using GLP - 1 receptor agonists and bariatric surgery.
Methods: A review of scientific articles published on ResearchGate and PubMed from 2013 to 2025.
Results: Both GLP - 1 receptor agonists and metabolic surgery were found to be effective in reducing body weight and improving metabolic health in obese patients. Treatment with GLP - 1 analogs such as liraglutide or semaglutide led to moderate weight loss, typically between 5–15% of initial body weight. These medications also improved blood sugar control and lipid levels. Metabolic surgery, including sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass, resulted in greater weight reduction - often 25 - 35%, and more significant improvement in conditions like type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Interestingly, GLP - 1 levels tend to rise after surgery, suggesting that hormonal changes may partly explain the effectiveness of surgical interventions. In summary, both approaches show clear benefits, with surgery providing stronger effects, while GLP - 1 therapy offers a less invasive option.
Conclusion: GLP - 1 receptor agonists and metabolic surgery are methods to cure obesity and both of these methods are effective. GLP - 1 therapies offer a non - invasive option with metabolic benefits, while surgery provides greater and more sustained weight loss. The rise in GLP - 1 levels after surgery suggests shared mechanisms. Choosing the right approach should be based on individual patient needs and clinical factors
DENGUE: A GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGE - CURRENT VIEWS ON PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION
Get PDFBackground: Dengue is a global threat expanding its geographic reach and spreading to a growing world population. Up to 3 billion people are at risk. Dengue virus infection can be asymptomatic or sparse, but can also cause dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome.
Aim: The purpose of this article is to highlight the challenges of effective treatment, multi-pronged prevention and safe immunoprophylaxis of dengue virus.
Methods: A review of scientific articles published on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2020 to 2025.
Results: Due to the number and complexity of dengue serotypes, as well as the antibody-dependent amplification mechanism characteristic of this virus, creating a universal, effective and safe vaccine is a difficult task. It is all the more important because of the lack of specific treatment, which is so necessary in the case of a severe course of the disease in the form of hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome. It is also necessary to control vectors through chemical, biological and environmental methods.
Conclusion: Dengue is now a serious global public health threat that requires urgent action. Key areas for further research and development include a better understanding of pathogenesis, especially in the context of symptomatic DENV infections, and increased work on a variety of treatment and control options, as well as the development of a universal, safe and effective vaccine. The ultimate goal is to reduce the threat of the disease worldwide
SUGAR-FREE, BUT NOT SYMPTOM-FREE: THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL AND POLYOL-BASED SWEETENERS ON IBS AND GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH
Get PDFIntroduction and Objective: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder significantly influenced by diet. In recent years, sugar-free products containing artificial sweeteners and polyols have become increasingly popular, especially among people with IBS. This article reviews the impact of these sweeteners on IBS symptoms and gut microbiota.
Methods: This is a literature review based on articles from the PubMed database published between 2020 and 2025. Studies focusing on artificial sweeteners, polyols, and their effects on IBS and gut health were included.
Results: The reviewed studies show that some artificial sweeteners and polyols can worsen IBS symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. Additionally, they may negatively affect the gut microbiota, contributing to dysbiosis.
Conclusion: Although promoted as healthier sugar substitutes, many sweeteners may be problematic for IBS patients. Their consumption should be individualized and approached with caution
KETAMINE AS AN OPTIONAL TREATMENT IN CHRONIC PAIN - A REVIEW
Get PDFChronic pain is a pervasive and debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Traditional methods of pain management, including the use of opioids, often fall short in providing adequate relief and come with significant risks, such as dependency and tolerance. As a result, there has been growing interest in exploring alternative treatments, with ketamine emerging as a promising option. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, has shown potential in alleviating various types of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, cancer-related pain, and pain associated with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).
Aim of study: This review aims to examine the current evidence on the efficacy of ketamine in chronic pain management, exploring its mechanisms of action, clinical applications, safety profile, and potential limitations.
Methods and materials: PubMed and Scopus databases were used to search for topic treated articles