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JUSTICE AND RATIONAL DELIBERATION IN AL-FARABI’S PHILOSOPHY
Get PDFAl-Farabi's philosophy presents a comprehensive view of human nature and the role of the state in facilitating the pursuit of happiness and perfection. He views human beings as inherently social creatures who cannot live in isolation and are dependent on the state for support, security, and adherence to laws. In his view, the state exists not only to provide for the needs of its citizens but also to ensure that individuals can pursue virtuous qualities and attain happiness.The concept of justice, as articulated by Al-Farabi, is central to the state's function. Justice is intertwined with other essential values, such as right, freedom, and equality. This leads to a deeper exploration of justice’s moral dimensions—its importance in society, its connection to human rights, and its relationship to ethics.
Al-Farabi's philosophy raises several important questions:What is the moral dimension of justice as a value? Is justice an absolute or relative value? Does prudence direct justice towards the common good and avoid evil?
Thus, Al-Farabi's thought positions justice as a fundamental moral value that should be upheld by individuals and the state alike. Through the application of prudence and guided by the principles of virtue, justice helps form a society that supports the flourishing of its members and contributes to the greater good
A DIDACTIC SOLUTION FOR INTEGERS: A METHODOLOGICAL VARIANT WITH PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
Get PDFThis study examines the effectiveness of using a symbol counter methodology to teach integer operations within a three-tiered didactic framework: concrete application, visual representation, and symbolic notation. The experimental approach was designed to address common student challenges, such as sign errors, incomplete understanding, and flawed reasoning in mathematical problem-solving. The pilot lesson incorporated student-centered teaching strategies, including hands-on activities, teamwork, discussion, and reflection.
The symbol counter, a tool utilizing physical symbols like paper circles with plus or minus signs, helped students grasp concepts such as positive and negative numbers, opposite numbers, and zero through tactile and visual experiences. This method facilitated a deeper understanding of integer properties and operations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. By transitioning from physical manipulation to mental visualization and symbolic abstraction, students were able to internalize mathematical concepts more effectively.
To validate the hypotheses proposed in the study, we explored the feasibility of employing methodological approaches that encourage student engagement in the lesson, critical thinking, self-directed learning, and collaboration. To achieve the established objectives, the following tasks were undertaken:
- Identifying the experimental group
- Creating the experimental lesson plan
- Conducting the experiment
- Evaluating the experimental outcomes
In high school math classes, we learned the rules for performing operations with integers. The sign calculations were written and formulated as follows:
(+) × (+) = (+)
(+) × (-) = (-)
(-) × (+) = (-)
(-) × (-) = (-)
These notations can be found in various textbooks and educational materials
EPISTAXIS AND ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN ATHLETES: PREVALENCE ACROSS SPORTS AND CONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON LATEST EVIDENCE – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Get PDFPurpose: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of epistaxis and allergic rhinitis among athletes across different sports disciplines, and to review current management strategies based on recent clinical evidence.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing epidemiological data on epistaxis and allergic rhinitis incidence in various sports including contact, endurance, and outdoor disciplines. Management protocols were assessed with a focus on conservative, pharmacologic, and interventional treatments reported in randomized controlled trials and clinical guidelines.
Results: Epistaxis was found to be more prevalent in contact sports such as boxing and rugby, predominantly due to trauma, whereas endurance and outdoor sports athletes experienced nosebleeds related to environmental dryness and mucosal irritation. Allergic rhinitis prevalence correlated strongly with exposure to allergens, particularly in outdoor sports during pollen seasons. Conservative management, including nasal compression and topical treatments, was effective in most anterior epistaxis cases. Cauterization and nasal packing remained standard for refractory bleeds, with newer hemostatic agents and tranexamic acid showing promising results. Allergic rhinitis was best managed through allergen avoidance, nasal saline irrigation, and intranasal corticosteroids, with combination antihistamine-corticosteroid sprays providing superior symptom control.
Conclusions: Epistaxis and allergic rhinitis represent significant yet manageable health concerns in athletes, with prevalence influenced by sport type and environmental factors. Tailored, sport-specific management strategies improve outcomes and reduce performance disruptions. Further research into preventative measures and individualized therapies is warranted to enhance athlete care
ATTEMPT TO MEASURE AND ASSESS THE IMPACT OF GROWTH IN EL-KALA CITY USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Get PDFThis study aims to assess the urban growth dynamics of the city of El-Kala between 2008 and 2024, adopting a diachronic approach using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. The aim is to quantify and spatialize the city's expansion over this period, and identify its main causes.
Satellite images of the years between 2008 and 2024 will be processed using GIS to map land use at these different dates. Diachronic analysis will enable us to measure urban growth in terms of built-up areas gained between each date.
The results will make it possible to assess the sprawl dynamics of the city of El-Kala over the 2008-2024 period, both quantitatively and spatially. The main drivers of this expansion can be identified
THE ISSUES OF ENSURING SECURITY OF THE STATE BORDER THROUGH SUBSURFACE BORDER PROTECTION
Get PDFThis article highlights the significance of subsurface border protection for national security, including border security. The study points out that enhancing the legal framework for subsurface border protection and establishing a security system can effectively implement an integrated border protection system. Mongolia's border security comprises three main components: surface, air, and underground borders. However, the absence of subsurface border protection has been shown to adversely affect national security. Subsurface border protection refers to the security measures and operations that safeguard areas beneath the surface, such as underground tunnels or voids that could be used for smuggling or illegal crossings. It is part of a larger operational system that includes the protection of surface and air borders through coordinated efforts in various domains such as political, legal, and intelligence activities. The threat of subsurface breaches is an important aspect of overall border security. Therefore, enhancing subsurface border protection is crucial for ensuring national security, and an integrated solution involving technological solutions, legal regulations, and international cooperation is necessary
LEVELS OF CLASS AWARENESS AND WEALTH REPRESENTATIONS AMONG A SAMPLE OF ALGERIAN UNIVERSITY YOUTH
Get PDFThe study of consciousness has represented a central issue in sociological research aimed at understanding societies, as consciousness forms the foundation of group affiliation, the adoption of its roles and functions, and even the shared representations of various societal issues. Researchers have consistently emphasized the significant role of value-based and social representations in shaping collective imaginaries and crafting perspectives on different issues among members of a single group. Based on this premise, the present study examines the levels of awareness of class affiliation in Algerian society and representations of wealth among a sample of university youth. It provides a detailed description of the degrees of awareness concerning class stratification and affiliation, along with an overview of some representations of wealth as a crucial societal issue affecting this demographic. The study also reveals certain contradictions related to the values shaping social representations of wealth among this group, opening avenues for further research in this field
IRON DEFICIENCY, ANEMIA AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF CELIAC DISEASE PATIENTS - REVIEW
Get PDFIntroductionCeliac Disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes damage to the small intestine in reaction to a specific protein - gluten. One of the most common complications of CD is iron deficiency, which leads to anemia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a significant effect on a patient's health, both physical and mental, vastly impairing quality of life. This paper provides mechanisms leading to iron deficiency and its impact on the development of the IDA; clinical symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of iron deficiency. It also highlights the importance of early diagnosis and the necessity of strictly following a gluten-free diet.
Materials and MethodsThis review uses resources available in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A thorough search of English-language articles involved key terms: „celiac disease”, „iron deficiency”, „iron deficiency anemia”, „gluten-free diet”, „quality of life”. The information obtained through these searches has been compiled and examined.
ResultsResearch indicates that iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent complication in patients with CD. In case of a non-responsive form of IDA, it is important to exclude the possibility of CD. Once CD with IDA is detected, restoring iron stores to the desired level, as well as implementing a gluten-free diet on a permanent basis is required.
ConclusionsStudies show the close connection between CD, IDA, and the impaired quality of patients’ lives, emphasizing the role of early diagnosis and subsequent implementation of a gluten-free diet. Further interdisciplinary research on methods of diagnosis and treatment are vital for the advancement of medical care and the well-being of patients
IDENTITY ALIENATION AND CORRUPTION IN NORTH AFRICAN SOCIETIES
Get PDFThis article discusses how identity alienation and corruption interact in North African societies, leading to negative consequences. Identity alienation causes individuals to feel disconnected from their community, diminishing their sense of belonging and public interest. This detachment can foster a sense of excessive self-esteem, resulting in moral corruption and exploitation of one's position for personal gain. The interplay between these two phenomena exacerbates corruption, as alienated individuals may prioritize personal goals over societal well-being. The text emphasizes the need to explore the relationship between identity alienation and corruption to develop long-term strategies for combating corruption by addressing the underlying issues that contribute to its spread
VALORIZING URBAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE: EVALUATING THE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF TIPAZA’S SITE THROUGH THE RST02 GRID
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the valorization of the archaeological heritage of Tipaza through the RST02 Grid, focusing on governmental, social, economic, environmental, and cultural dimensions. Using a questionnaire-based approach, 250 surveys were distributed to assess perceptions, challenges, and opportunities regarding the preservation and promotion of Tipaza’s archaeological site. The collected data is analyzed to highlight key factors affecting sustainable management and propose strategies to enhance the integration of urban and archaeological heritage within a sustainable development framework
AI TECHNOLOGIES TO THE QUESTION OF THE "POLICY" OF LEGAL REGULATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE. ESSENTIAL AND INSTRUMENTAL FACTORS
Get PDFThe article examines the essential characteristics of rulemaking activity in the context of modern challenges and priorities, which is analyzed with due regard for the instrumental and essential typologizing elements. It is noted that one of the priority areas for the development of rulemaking at the present stage is to consider the “achievements” of the latest technologies related to artificial intelligence. It is emphasized that rulemaking at all levels should ensure human rights and freedoms (in particular, this refers to the improvement of veteran policy at the present stage, its forms, and methods)