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PERCUTANEOUS ELECTROLYSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF TENDINOPATHY – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textIntroduction: Percutaneous electrolysis (PNE/EPI) is a minimally invasive technique used in the management of tendinopathies. The mechanism of action of this compound is based on the induction of a localised electrochemical reaction, which in turn triggers a controlled inflammatory response. This inflammatory response serves to promote the resorption of degenerated tissue and to stimulate collagen regeneration. In recent years, this method has gained increasing popularity as an alternative or adjunct to conventional conservative therapies, such as eccentric exercise, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. A mounting body of clinical evidence, encompassing randomised controlled trials, has emerged to support the efficacy of this approach in alleviating pain and enhancing function in patients afflicted with chronic tendinopathy..
Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the existing evidence regarding the effectiveness and clinical relevance of percutaneous electrolysis in the treatment of tendinopathy.
Materials and Methods: The article is based on scientific literature sourced from PubMed and Google Scholar.
Results: PNE demonstrates beneficial effects on pathologically altered tendons. The majority of studies report pain reduction and functional improvement in patients. The combination of PNE with other therapeutic modalities shows a synergistic effect. Nevertheless, further comparative analyses and meta-analyses are required to definitively establish the superiority of PNE over other treatment approaches.
Conclusions: PNE may serve as a core component in the treatment of tendinopathy. However, standardization of treatment parameters—such as current intensity and therapeutic protocols—is necessary to ensure consistency and reproducibility of outcomes
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF DENTAL IMPLANTS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS - A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textIntroduction: Osteoporosis, a common metabolic bone disease affecting over 200 million people globally, causes decreased bone mass and structural deterioration, increasing fracture risk and reducing quality of life. Dental implants have become a standard treatment for tooth loss, providing functional and aesthetic restoration. However, in osteoporotic patients, compromised bone quality may challenge osseointegration and long-term implant stability, requiring careful assessment and individualized planning.
Methodology: A literature review of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar identified recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses on dental implant outcomes in osteoporotic patients, focusing on implant survival, bone loss, and antiresorptive therapy, with studies ≥1-year follow-up included.
Results: Most studies show no significant difference in implant survival between osteoporotic and healthy patients, with rates typically above 90%. Slight but significant marginal bone loss was noted, though clinically minor. Bone density and osseointegration were generally comparable, particularly with individualized care and antiresorptive therapy. Osteonecrosis of the jaw was rare and mainly associated with bisphosphonate use. Age, systemic treatment, and local bone conditions influenced outcomes. Factors including patient age, systemic therapy, and local bone conditions influenced implant outcomes.
Conclusion: Dental implants in osteoporotic patients demonstrate high survival and predictable outcomes. Minor bone loss is manageable with monitoring and preventive care. Although antiresorptive therapy may increase osteonecrosis risk, interdisciplinary management minimizes complications. Osteoporosis should not be viewed as a contraindication for implant therapy, though further research is needed to refine treatment protocols
EFFECTIVENESS OF CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION IN STRENGTH SPORTS – A REVIEW
No full textBackground. Creatine monohydrate is one of the most widely researched and effective ergogenic supplements used to enhance performance and body composition in strength-based sports. Although creatine is known to be effective, researchers are still learning how to use it in the best way, how different people respond to it, and what other benefits it might have. .
Aim. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving muscle strength, lean body mass, endurance, recovery, and related functional parameters, based on evidence from 49 scientific publications..
Material and methods. Studies included in this review examined creatine use in both short- and long-term protocols across varied populations, including athletes, recreationally active individuals, and older adults. Outcomes assessed included changes in 1RM strength, lean body mass, power output, quality of life, and biochemical markers. .
Results. Creatine consistently improved strength and lean mass when combined with resistance training, regardless of dosing strategy or timing. Younger adults experienced faster and larger gains, while older individuals showed moderate improvements in physical function and well-being. Creatine monohydrate was more effective than alternative forms, and loading phases were not required for results. However, its effects were minimal without concurrent exercise and limited in some clinical populations. Additional benefits, such as enhanced sleep or antioxidant status, were reported in specific groups.
Conclusions. Creatine supplementation is a safe, cost-effective, and well-supported strategy for enhancing resistance training outcomes. Its consistent efficacy across populations makes it a valuable tool for both athletic and clinical applications, particularly when paired with structured exercise
BENEFITS OF SOCIAL DANCING AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH COGNITIVE DECLINE AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textResearch objectives: This review aims to synthesize the current evidence on social dancing for older adults, with particular emphasis on its therapeutic benefits for individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: A literature review was gathered using PubMed and Google Scholar, emphasizing papers published in the last five years. The search included the keywords ‘dance’, ‘cognitive function’, and ‘physical activity’.
Key findings and conclusions: The expansion and ongoing advancement of modern medicine correlates with the increase in the older adult population. As a result, cognitive decline has become one of the major health problems associated with advanced age. Nearly 50% of individuals over 85 years are suffering from dementia and related neurodegenerative diseases. Extending healthy life expectancy has become a cardinal priority for public-health systems and biomedical research alike. Despite ongoing efforts, the search for low-cost, scalable interventions that can simultaneously preserve neural function, functional mobility, and psychosocial well-being remains incomplete. Studies show that dance-based exercise is a promising candidate. Accumulated findings indicate that dance constitutes a biologically and psychosocially potent intervention, simultaneously enhancing cardiovascular efficiency, maintaining neuromuscular integrity, promoting neuroplastic remodelling, and improving emotional well-being
EFFICACY OF DIETARY, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS)
No full textIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life.
Aim. To systematically compare the effectiveness of dietary, psychological, and microbiota-based therapies in IBS patients based on meta-analyses published from 2015 to 2025.
Material and methods. Systematic search of PubMed for meta-analyses on IBS treatment, including dietary, psychological, and microbiological interventions; inclusion criteria: meta-analyses of RCTs involving adult patients diagnosed with IBS (Rome III/IV).
Results. Dietary interventions, especially low-FODMAP diet, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) showed the highest efficacy. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) presented variable outcomes.
Conclusions. Integrated treatment strategies combining dietary and psychological approaches appear most effective. Further research is needed on microbiota modulation
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS EXPLAINED: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that leads to the destruction of the myelin sheaths in the brain and spinal cord, resulting in progressive disability. It most commonly affects young adults, with a higher prevalence in women. The exact causes of MS remain unclear. It is believed that genetic and environmental factors, such as viral infections and vitamin D deficiency, play a significant role in the disease's development. MS typically follows a relapsing-remitting course, with periods of exacerbation and clinical improvement. The symptoms of MS are highly variable and depend on the location of demyelinating lesions. The onset of the disease may be asymptomatic. Early symptoms often include vision disturbances, paresthesia, and aphasia. In advanced stages, patients may experience spasticity, tremors, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, dizziness, cognitive impairments, and pain. Treatment of MS requires an individualized approach that combines pharmacotherapy with rehabilitation. Despite advances in therapy, the disease can still shorten life expectancy by several years and significantly impact the quality of daily functioning.
Aim of the Study: The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge on multiple sclerosis, including a discussion of its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and available therapeutic options.
Materials and Methods: A review of the available literature of Google Scholar, PubMed.
Results: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease that leads to damage to the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, resulting in a variety of neurological symptoms. The pathogenesis of the disease involves genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Patients with MS experience a decline in quality of life, particularly in terms of social and professional functioning, due to progressive disability and psychological symptoms. Disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and biologic drugs, significantly reduce the frequency of relapses and delay disease progression
APPLYING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) AND IOT SENSOR DATA TO MODEL THE IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE INCIDENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES
No full textAmbient air pollution is a major global health threat, yet modeling its localized impact on respiratory diseases is hindered by sparse monitoring networks, leading to exposure misclassification. This paper outlines a high-resolution framework integrating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data to overcome these limitations. The methodology involves using calibrated, dense IoT networks to capture real-time (PM2.5) data, which is then integrated with health records. GIS techniques, including Kriging and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), are used to create continuous exposure surfaces and analyze spatially varying health relationships. The anticipated results include the identification of pollution hotspots and disease clusters, with the key finding being the quantification of spatial heterogeneity. This synergistic approach provides a powerful evidence base for targeted public health interventions and addressing environmental inequities.
Background: Air pollution, particularly (PM2.5), (NO2), and (O3), is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, strongly linked to respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD. Accurately assessing population exposure is a significant challenge. Traditional air quality monitoring relies on sparse, fixed regulatory stations. This method fails to capture the complex, micro-environmental variations in pollutant concentrations, leading to a "spatial data gap." This gap results in exposure misclassification in epidemiological studies, potentially underestimating the true health risks for vulnerable populations living in localized "hotspots."
Purpose of Research: The primary aim of this paper is to outline and propose a high-resolution geospatial modeling framework. This framework integrates real-time, high-granularity data from dense, low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks with advanced Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis. The goal is to more accurately quantify the localized, spatially varying relationship between air pollution exposure and the incidence of respiratory diseases, moving beyond traditional, spatially-uniform risk assessments
NEUROIMMUNOLOGICAL MECHANISMS LINKING PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA AND MIGRAINE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
No full textIntroduction and Purpose: Primary dysmenorrhea and migraine are among the most prevalent pain disorders in women of reproductive age, often coexisting and exhibiting overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms. This systematic review aims to identify and summarize the shared neuroimmunological pathways that may underlie both conditions, with particular emphasis on inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides, hormonal modulation, and glial activation.
Results: The analysis of studies published between 2000 and 2025 reveals consistent evidence of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and prostaglandins (especially PGE₂) in both disorders. These mediators contribute to peripheral and central sensitization, amplifying nociceptive signaling. Pain-related neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P are involved in neurogenic inflammation, vascular dysregulation, and microglial activation within central pain pathways. Moreover, estrogen fluctuations appear to modulate both immune and neuronal responses, influencing microglial phenotype and cytokine release, thereby explaining the cyclic nature and female predominance of these conditions.
Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea and migraine share a common neuroimmune-endocrine framework, in which inflammatory mediators, neuropeptides, and hormonal fluctuations interact to enhance pain sensitivity. Recognition of these shared mechanisms provides a foundation for developing integrated therapeutic approaches targeting COX-2, CGRP, and microglial activation. Future translational research combining animal models with clinical data is essential to refine and personalize treatment strategies for both disorders
UNCOVERING DERMATILLOMANIA: A REVIEW OF SKIN PICKING DISORDER
No full textBackground: Excoriation disorder (dermatillomania) is a body-focused repetitive behavior characterized by recurrent skin picking that leads to tissue injury, emotional distress, and impaired functioning. Although formally classified in ICD-11 and DSM-5, the disorder remains underrecognized in clinical settings and often co-occurs with other psychiatric conditions. This review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical profile, comorbidity patterns, and available treatment strategies, underscoring its clinical burden and therapeutic relevance.
Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed clinical studies, epidemiological analyses, neurobiological investigations, and treatment trials was conducted, focusing on prevalence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic interventions for excoriation disorder.
Results: The disorder affects approximately 3–4% of the population, predominantly females, with onset most often during adolescence and a chronic, relapsing course. Commonly affected areas include the face, arms, and hands, with episodes frequently preceded by anxiety or tension and followed by temporary relief. High rates of comorbidity, particularly with depression, anxiety, OCD, and body dysmorphic disorder, contribute to psychosocial disability, reduced quality of life, and an elevated risk of suicidal ideation. Clinical studies support behavioral therapies, especially cognitive-behavioral approaches such as habit reversal training, as first-line treatment. Pharmacological options, including serotonergic, opioid, or glutamatergic agents, as well as lamotrigine, show benefit in selected cases, although response rates remain variable.
Conclusions: Excoriation disorder is a prevalent and burdensome condition with substantial psychiatric overlap and functional consequences. Early detection and integrated treatment combining behavioral interventions with targeted pharmacotherapy when appropriate are essential to improving outcomes and reducing long-term morbidity
CANNABINOIDS IN CHRONIC PAIN MANAGEMENT: EFFICACY, SAFETY, AND THE CONTROVERSIES SURROUNDING MEDICAL MARIJUANA – A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE
No full textChronic pain is a highly complex phenomenon in terms of both etiology and clinical presentation. Due to its prolonged duration, it significantly impairs the functioning of many patients. In the era of modern analgesic therapy, increasing hope is placed on the use of cannabis-based preparations. Cannabinoids, primarily THC and CBD, acting on the endocannabinoid system, exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and even neuroprotective effects. They have a relatively favorable safety profile for patients, and their adverse effects typically do not interfere with patients' daily functioning. However, due to the variable efficacy reported in previous studies, the potential placebo effect, and short-term observations, a larger number of well-designed, double-blind randomized controlled trials are required to precisely determine the role of cannabinoids in chronic pain management