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WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTH MONITORING: EFFECTIVENESS IN PREVENTING LIFESTYLE DISEASES
No full textResearch objectives: This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aims to critically evaluate the clinical evidence on the effectiveness, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of wearable technologies in health monitoring and the prevention of lifestyle diseases between 2020 and 2024.
The study focuses on two main pillars of innovation: devices for monitoring physical activity and health parameters (smartwatches, fitness bands, continuous glucose monitors) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based data analysis systems that enable early risk detection and personalization of health interventions.
In addition, the review analyzes the ethical, legal, social, and implementation (ELSI) barriers that must be overcome to enable the large-scale implementation of wearable technologies in healthcare systems.
Methods: A scoping review of scientific literature was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using inclusion criteria that included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published from January 2020 to July 2024.
Seven key meta-analyses and twenty RCTs were analyzed in detail, focusing on effect sizes (Hedges' g, standardized mean difference - SMD), adherence rates, and impact on clinical endpoints. The risk of systematic error and regulatory frameworks were also assessed.
Main results: Wearable technologies showed moderate to high effectiveness in monitoring health parameters and modifying health-related behaviors. A meta-analysis of interventions using wearable devices to monitor physical activity showed a statistically significant increase in the number of steps per day (weighted mean difference: 1519 steps/day, 95% CI 1096-1942) and moderate to large effect sizes (SMD = 0.449) compared to control groups (Hodkinson et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2020).
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has shown particularly high effectiveness in diabetes control. A meta-analysis of 15 RCTs (2,461 patients) showed a significant reduction in HbA1c (weighted mean difference: -0.17%, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.06) and an increase in time in range (TIR) of 70.74 minutes (95% CI 46.73-94.76) compared to standard care (Maiorino et al., 2020).
The main barriers included: problems with measurement accuracy in real-world settings, user fatigue leading to low long-term adherence, protection of health data privacy, and lack of standardization and interoperability between devices and EHR (electronic health record) systems.
Conclusions: Wearable technologies are becoming an integral part of preventive medicine and chronic disease management. The future lies in blended care models that combine continuous health monitoring with AI predictive algorithms and clinical oversight.
Long-term RCT studies (≥12 months) and a clear regulatory framework regarding the accuracy of medical devices, data collection ethics, and legal liability must be established before widespread implementation in healthcare systems
RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING RSV INFECTION IN CHILDREN: FROM ACUTE INFECTION TO PERSISTENT STRUCTURAL SEQUELAE – A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a significant health burden worldwide, being the leading cause of hospitalization in infants and an important factor affecting long-term lung function. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of current data on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical consequences and modern strategies for the prevention of respiratory complications following RSV infection in children. Analysis of the literature indicates that RSV leaves a specific ‘molecular footprint’ in the airways, including both structural changes and activation of ICL2 cells and epigenetic modifications. These phenomena constitute the biological basis for recurrent obstruction and the development of asthma, and the risk of their occurrence is particularly high after a severe course of infection in early infancy. Acute complications such as bronchiolitis, atelectasis or respiratory failure may be associated with a permanent reduction in lung function parameters, persisting even into adulthood. The introduction of modern passive immunoprophylaxis (nirsevimab) and vaccination of pregnant women offers the possibility of protection during the critical developmental window and favorable shaping of the respiratory system development trajectory. RSV remains one of the strongest modifiable risk factors for chronic lung disease, and effective prevention and early identification of risk biomarkers are crucial for protecting the lung function of future generations.
Methodology: This article provides a narrative review of the current literature on acute and chronic respiratory complications following RSV infection in children, based on a systematic search and qualitative analysis of available clinical, observational and review studies
THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION QUALITY AND USER SATISFACTION ON TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE: A STUDY ON THE CORETAX SYSTEM IN BANDUNG CITY-INDONESIA
No full textCoretax, Indonesia’s new core tax administration system introduced in 2025, is expected to modernize services, yet early implementation can shape taxpayer experience. This study examines whether Coretax information quality improves user satisfaction and, in turn, taxpayer compliance in Bandung City. Using a questionnaire survey of 209 taxpayers who had used Coretax for at least six months, the proposed model was tested with covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The results show that perceived information quality significantly increases Coretax use satisfaction and also has a direct positive effect on taxpayer compliance; user satisfaction further contributes positively to compliance. Descriptive evidence reveals a practical gap: compliance is high while satisfaction remains low, indicating that early compliance is driven mainly by awareness and obligation rather than a fully smooth digital experience. The study highlights that improving the clarity, consistency, and reliability of information, alongside system stability and user support, is essential to strengthen satisfaction and sustain compliance as the reform matures. These findings support the DeLone and McLean IS success logic and TAM by emphasizing information quality and satisfaction as key drivers of digital tax compliance
AGE AS A KEY RISK FACTOR FOR SEVERE RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN: A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textResearch Objectives: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, particularly in infants under six months. This review aims to synthesize recent clinical and epidemiological data to identify age groups at the highest risk for severe RSV disease.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed for studies published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on pediatric populations aged 0–5 years with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Cohort, prospective, and retrospective studies, as well as clinical guidelines, reporting hospitalization rates, intensive care unit admissions, oxygen therapy, and risk factors such as prematurity and comorbidities were included. Data were analyzed narratively to assess relationships between age, prematurity, comorbidities, and disease severity.
Key Findings: The youngest infants (0–5 months) accounted for most hospitalizations and were most likely to require intensive care. Prematurity increased hospitalization risk approximately with earlier gestational age correlating with higher severity. Comorbidities further elevated the risk of prolonged hospitalization and intensive care, especially in older children. Introduction of RSV prophylaxiy substantially reduced hospitalization rates among infants, particularly those 0–2 months. Seasonal trends and epidemiological shifts, influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, affected RSV incidence and severity.
Conclusions: Age is the primary determinant of severe RSV outcomes, with prematurity and comorbidities acting as significant modifiers. Early identification of high-risk infants and targeted prophylactic strategies are essential to reduce hospitalization and optimize healthcare resource allocation. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of prevention strategies across age groups remain crucial
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. A LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Its etiology is thought to involve many factors. Recent reports suggest that gut microbiota disorders may play an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. This opens the door to new treatment therapies.
Aim: The aim of this article is to review the latest research on the impact of changes in the gut microbiota on IBS, as well as methods of therapy that influence the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Material and methods: A literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The focus was on studies published between 2015 and 2025.
Results: Changes in the gut microbiota play a significant role in IBS. However, there is still much uncertainty surrounding the exact pathomechanisms underlying this process. The low-FODMAP diet alleviates symptoms and causes changes in microbiota. Probiotics show moderate effectiveness, while the results of fecal microbiota transplantation are often inconclusive.
Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the exact impact of gut microbiota on IBS. The low-FODMAP diet, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation offer promising but inconclusive treatment results. Further standardized studies are needed to determine the best therapeutic strategies
MODERN DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
No full textBackground: Autoimmune diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by immune-mediated damage to self-tissues. Their prevalence has increased over recent decades, and early diagnosis remains challenging due to heterogeneous clinical presentations and overlapping symptoms. Advances in immunology and molecular biology have significantly transformed diagnostic approaches in autoimmune diseases.
Aim: This review discusses modern diagnostic strategies used in autoimmune diseases. It presents emerging serological, molecular, and multi-parameter diagnostic tools, as well as the role of personalized diagnostics and advanced data analysis methods in improving diagnostic accuracy .
Methods: The review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, limited to full-text, open-access publications published between 2013 and 2025.
Results: Recent studies indicate that novel diagnostic approaches, including next-generation autoantibody profiling, molecular biomarkers, “omics”- based technologies, and advanced imaging methods, improve early disease detection and patient stratification. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms enhances the interpretation of complex clinical and laboratory data, increasing diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion: Modern diagnostic strategies significantly improve the early recognition and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Integrating classical diagnostic methods with advanced molecular and computational tools supports the development of personalized medicine and may lead to better clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune disorders
NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN FIBROMYALGIA: EXERCISE, MANUAL THERAPY AND INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY-BASED INTERVENTIONS
No full textBackground. Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders, affecting predominantly middle-aged women. Its complex pathophysiology involves both central and peripheral mechanisms, with management aimed at relieving symptoms while improving quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise, manual therapy, mind-body practices and emerging approaches like dry needling and virtual reality, show promise in improving patient outcomes.
Aim. To review current evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia, focusing on their efficacy, safety and impact on pain, physical function, symptom management and quality of life.
Material and methods. A narrative review of studies from 2010–2025 was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Relevant articles were identified with keywords related to fibromyalgia and non-pharmacological treatments and the data was categorized by intervention type.
Results. Non-pharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia, including low-impact exercise, manual therapy, dry needling, acupuncture, cryotherapy and virtual reality, improve pain, physical function, fatigue, mood and quality of life. Exercise and mind-body practices enhance both physical and psychological well-being, while manual therapy and dry needling techniques reduce pain and improve sleep. Cryotherapy decreases inflammation and virtual reality shows promising effects on symptoms and enables home-based rehabilitation.
Conclusions. Non-pharmacological interventions, provide significant benefits for fibromyalgia, improving pain, fatigue, sleep and quality of life. Aquatic exercises offer short-term relief, while resistance and mind–body training support long-term improvements. Individualized, multidisciplinary approaches remain essential, and further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols
GUT DYSBIOSIS IN THE ADENOMA-CARCINOMA SEQUENCE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CLINICAL AND PRECLINICAL EVIDENCE
No full textBackground: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major oncological challenge increasingly linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Microbial alterations are believed to drive the progression from benign precursor lesions to invasive cancer along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
Aim: The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the role of microbial alterations in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, focusing on specific pro-tumorigenic pathogens - specifically Fusobacterium nucleatum, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), and pks+ Escherichia coli and their pathogenic mechanisms.
Material and methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published in English within the last eight years with a particular focus on recent evidence from 2019 to 2025. The search prioritized metagenomic analyses and preclinical studies regarding CRC, dysbiosis, and specific bacterial drivers using terms such as ‘colorectal cancer’, ‘adenoma-carcinoma sequence’, and ‘gut microbiota’.
Results: Dysbiosis appears early in carcinogenesis, characterized by the depletion of beneficial butyrate-producers and expansion of pathobionts. Key pathogens drive tumorigenesis through distinct mechanisms, including toxin production (e.g., BFT, colibactin), DNA damage, and immune modulation. Functional evidence from murine models confirms a causal link, demonstrating that dysbiotic microbiota actively accelerates tumor growth and inflammation.
Conclusions: Intestinal dysbiosis is a fundamental, early driver of CRC pathogenesis, not merely a passive consequence. Identifying oncogenic bacteria offers new perspectives for early non-invasive diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to inhibit disease progression
PRECISION MEDICINE FOR RYR1-RELATED MYOPATHIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF GENE EDITING, PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS, AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS
No full textRyanodine receptor 1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) constitute the most prevalent class of non-dystrophic congenital myopathies, representing a complex intersection of genetic heterogeneity, molecular pathology, and evolving therapeutic paradigms. Characterized by mutations in the RYR1 gene, these disorders manifest across a broad clinical spectrum ranging from static congenital weakness to life-threatening pharmacogenetic traits such as Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility (MHS). This review article provides an exhaustive synthesis of the scientific and societal landscape of RYR1-RM as of 2025. We provide a deep mechanistic analysis of the RyR1 channel's structure-function relationship, elucidated through recent cryo-electron microscopy breakthroughs that define the "leaky channel" pathophysiology. We critically evaluate the emerging pharmacological arsenal, including the landmark Phase 1b trial of the Rycal compound ARM210 (S48168), the novel application of epigenetic modulation via 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and the repurposed utility of dantrolene and salbutamol. Furthermore, we dissect the frontier of precision genetic engineering, detailing the mechanics and efficacy of Prime Editing and Twin Prime Editing strategies, alongside the development of myotropic viral vectors (MyoAAV) designed to overcome the delivery barriers inherent to the massive RYR1 gene. Beyond the bench, this report integrates a rigorous social science perspective, analyzing the health economic frameworks (ICER, QALYs) that govern access to orphan drugs, the ethical dimensions of somatic gene editing for non-lethal disabilities, and the transformative role of patient advocacy in the rare disease ecosystem. This multidimensional review aims to serve as a foundational resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers navigating the complex transition from supportive care to disease-modifying precision medicine
THE HIDDEN COST OF FLEXIBILITY: MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, TECHNOSTRESS, AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN THE ERA OF REMOTE WORK
No full textThe global shift to remote and hybrid work models from 2021 to 2025, comparable to the Industrial Revolution in scale, has entrenched flexibility while introducing unintended physiological, psychological, and sociological costs. This narrative review synthesizes data from the International Labour Organization, World Health Organization, Eurofound, and peer-reviewed literature (2020-2025) to analyze these externalities among college-educated workers.
Drawing on the Global Survey of Working Arrangements (G-SWA), work-from-home stabilized at 1.27 days/week globally (27% of U.S. workdays), with regional disparities (e.g., 1.5-1.9 days in English-speaking economies vs. 0.5-1.0 in Asia) influencing exposure. The "Infinite Workday" (Microsoft, 2025) - characterized by 117 emails, 153 Teams messages, and 275 daily interruptions - exacerbates issues like Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs, prevalence 61.2%-72%, e.g., neck pain 50.4%-58.9%) and Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS, pooled 69.0%, 95% CI 62.3-75.3).
Psychologically, technostress (50-70% prevalence for techno-overload) and Zoom fatigue (40-70%) blur boundaries, while sedentary isolation elevates inflammation (CRP/IL-6) and depression risk (20-43%). Sociologically, women face double burdens (promotion gap 37% vs. 49% for men), Gen Z reports 27% loneliness, and individualism explains 29% WFH variance.
Economically, costs include 9.6 trillion global disengagement opportunity (Gallup, 2025). Without ergonomic (e.g., TuMeke's 42% injury reduction), policy ("Right to Disconnect" reducing stress 10-30%), and cultural interventions, flexibility's dividends risk erosion by chronic morbidity