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The Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Method for Solving System of Linear Weakly Singular Volterra Integral Equations
Get PDFThe exact solutions of a system of linear weakly singular Volterra integral equations (VIE) have been a difficult to find. The aim of this paper is to apply reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) method to find the approximate solutions to this type of systems. At first, we used Taylor's expansion to omit the singularity. From an expansion the given system of linear weakly singular VIE is transform into a system of linear ordinary differential equations (LODEs). The approximate solutions are represent in the form of series in the reproducing kernel space . By comparing with the exact solutions of two examples, we saw that RKHS is a powerful, easy to apply and full efficiency in scientific applications to build a solution without linearization and turbulence or discretization. 
Theory of The Three Fields of Space
Get PDFThis article is a logical and rational analysis of the physical phenomena produced by the three fields that are generated in space: gravity field; field of terrestrial nuclear magnetism; and orbital field.
Eduardo Guimarães, through the studies of the three nuclear masses of the Sun's nucleus, the three nuclear masses of the moon's nucleus, and the three nuclear masses of the Earth's nucleus.
We discover the three spatial fields that are generated in the solar system and in the planets.
Then, from the general theory of the three fields of space, we can understand all the mechanics that generate the dynamics and kinematics of celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the smaller celestial bodies orbit the orbital field of the largest celestial bodies.
So now we can understand why the planets produce orbits of elliptical motions, around the orbital field of the Sun.
Then we understand the orbital mechanics of the little planet Mercury, and its abnormal orbit around the orbiting field of the Sun.
Then Mercury has a perihelion precession of 2 degrees per century, due to an approximation of the perihelion of Mercury which is attracted by the micro-gravity of the Sun, generating an orbital deviation of 2 degrees per century.
In the future the planet Mercury will lose energy from its nucleus and will not be able to make the orbital curve of the perihelion because it will have been attracted by the gravitational field of the Sun's nucleus.
The fall of Mercury on the Sun will generate two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA.
The first thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of the gravity mass attraction of Mercury debris with the Sun's nucleus.
The second thermonuclear explosion of SUPERNOVA will be generated by the thermonuclear collision of attraction of the mass of orbital attraction of Mercury debris with the nucleus of the Sun.
These two thermonuclear explosions of SUPERNOVA will generate two immense thermonuclear shockwaves that will devastate the entire fragile geo-biome of the solar system.
 
Characterization and Optical Properties of MnO Doped CuO-Containing Phosphate Glass as Absorption Filters
Get PDFIn order to demonstrate the intrinsic and extrinsic changes induced by MnO in the phosphate glass network, a glass system of composition 44P2O5-38ZnO-2CuO-(16-x)Na2O-xMnO (where, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mol%) was prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique. XRD patterns confirmed the non-crystalline nature of the prepared samples. The density and molar volume as a function of MnO content were determined to characterize structure of the obtained glasses. The optical spectroscopic studies of the prepared samples were carried out over (190-1000 nm) spectral range. The prepared samples were found to behave as bandpass filters in the visible region of spectrum. The UV cutoff wavelength was shifted from 308 nm to 352 nm by increasing content of MnO which is very useful in the optical technology requirements such as ultraviolet preventing applications and the protection from UV-LASER. The optical band gap was decreased by increasing content of MnO whilst, the Urbach energy was increased. The decrease in optical band gap was attributed to the progressive increase in non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) concentration with the addition of MnO. The refractive index was found to be enhanced with the addition of MnO by the effect of increase in overall polarizability. However, the optical polarizability was found to be correlated to the chemical composition of the glass. The results reveal the role of MnO as a network modifier in the phosphate glass matrix
The Colloidal Quantum Dots Suitability for Long Term Cell Imaging
No full textFluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles in tree-dimensional quantum confinement, quantum dots (QDs), synthesized in aqueous medium, and functionalized with polyethylene glycol, were used as nonspecific nanosized probes for the long-term imaging of glial cells. In vitro living healthy as well as cancer glial cells were labelled by direct insertion of a small volume of QDs contained in aqueous suspension into the culture wells. A long-term monitoring (over 7 days) of the cells was performed and no evidence of cell fixation and/or damage was observed. Two control groups, healthy and non-healthy glial cells, were used to compare cell viability. During the observation period, labelled cells kept the same behavior compared to non-labelled control samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the viability of quantum dots for long-term imaging of living cells. This opens a large range of possibilities related to a better understand of cellular mechanisms, which till now was not achieved by any other fluorescent probe. The study also permitted the observation of two distinct interaction kinetics between cells and QDs. Healthy glial cells were mainly labelled at their surface, while non-healthy glial cells have shown a high rate in the uptake of QDs
Decolorization and Biodegradation of basic violet dye by fungal- bacterial consortia
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to test the ability of Penicillium citrinum MTCC 8009, Aspergillusterreus MTCC 3006, Bacillus cohnii and their consortia to decolorize basic violet dye. Different parameters such as initial dye concentration, dye to inoculum ratio and period of incubation were studied for the decolourization of the dye. The developed fungal-bacterial consortia exhibited maximum percent decolorization (92%) ability when compared to the treatment of dyes by individual microbes. Percent decolorization of basic violet dye (92%) was more efficient using fungal-bacterial (Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus cohnii) consortia than with individual cultures. Phyto-toxicity results indicated that bacterial-fungal consortia (Penicillium citrinum and Bacillus cohnii) treatment was believed to degrade the dyes to non-toxic intermediates. The FTIR analysis also revealed that decolorization of basic violet dyes was due to its degradation
INVESTIGATION ON ENERGY BASED DATA GATHERING APPROACH FOR WSN
Get PDFWireless Sensor Networks plays a vital role in all emerging areas of Wireless Platforms like Interne of Things (IoT), WiFi, WiMAX etc. Sensor nodes are communicated with or without the presence of administrator. Data gathering is a major issue in WSN which influences the throughput, energy and data delivery. In previous research, there was not taken efforts to focus on balanced data gathering. In this research, we propose Reliable Energy Efficient Data Gathering Approach (REEDGA) to balance data gathering and overhead. To achieve this, proposed work consists of three phases. In first phase, estimation of information gathering is implemented through stable paths. Stable paths are found based on link cost. In second phase, data gathering phase is initialized to save energy in the presence of mobile sensor nodes. Overhead is kept low while keeping round trip time of gathered data. From the analytical simulation using NS2, the proposed approach achieves better performance in terms of data delivery rate, data gathering rate, throughput, delay, link availability and control overhead
Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Catalysed by Crystalline Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocatalyst
Get PDFBiodiesel has its unique position in the field of renewable energy as alternate fuel to diesel due to fuel price, energy requirement and petroleum crisis. In this study, biodiesel was produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) using Copper doped Zinc Oxide (CZO) nanocatalysts. The synthesized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM). Design of experiment was framed using Taguchi method to limit the experiments and to find the optimum reaction conditions. The effect of process parameters such as oil-to-methanol ratio (O/M), catalyst type, catalyst concentration, temperature and time on the transesterification reactions using characterized Copper doped Zinc Oxide nanocatalyst were investigated. The 4% (weight /weight) nanocatalyst concentration, 1:5 Oil to methanol molar ratio at 60°C temperature and 40 minutes of reaction time were found to be optimum, in which the maximum biodiesel yield of 98 % (w/w) was obtained. Hence it was determined that nanocatalysts exhibited good catalytic activities on biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)
Review on conductivity enhancement in n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diodes with the influence of Rare earth ions as donor impurities.
Get PDFNanoelectronics is an emerging field of nanotechnology where innumerable nanomaterials are used to fabricate electronic devices like LEDs, Photodiodes, Transistors, FETs, UJTs, SCRs, Laser diodes, etc. The accomplishment of high-efficiency electronic devices at low cost tends to be the foremost challenging task in the field of nanoelectronics. The p-n heterojunction is a junction of two dissimilar p and n-type crystalline materials with different bandgap energies, work functions and electron affinities.The n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction device tends to be cost-effective and also potential candidates for integration with microelectronic based photonic and optoelectronic devices. Th electrical properties of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode can be fine-tuned by the addition of dopants at different concentrations.This article presents a brief overview on the influence of different rare earth dopants on chargecarrier enhancement and transport mechanism in n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diode. This review paper also presents an outline on heterojunction formation theories and applications of n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction diod
Acid Attack On Hybrid Fiber Reinforced High Strength Concrete With Manufactured Sand and Coconut Shell
Get PDFIn this study, the acid attack test is performed on the fiber reinforced concrete incorporating with manufactured sand silica fume and coconut shell. The grade of concrete is M50. Silica fume is partially replaced with 10 % by the weight of cement and manufactured sand is partially replaced with 40% by the weight of sand. The coconut shell is partially replaced for coarse aggregate by 20%. Additionally three types of fibers are used such as steel fiber, sisal fiber, and coir fiber. The volume fraction of fibers ranges from 0 to 3%. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acid resistance of the fiber reinforced high performance concrete. From the experimental investigation, it was found that there is improvement in acid resistance for fiber reinforced high performance concrete when compared to plain cement concrete. Also fiber reinforced concrete improves the cracking resistance compared to plain cement concrete
An Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of River Sand by Manufacture Sand in Self Compacting Concrete
Get PDFSelf-compacting concrete (SCC) is a very fluid concrete and a homogeneous mixture that solves most of the problems related to ordinary concrete. Self-Compacting Concrete gets dense and compacted due to its own self-weight. An experimental investigation has been carried out to determine different characters like workability and strength of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC).Self-Compacted Concrete is generally defined as the “Concrete, which does not need Compaction.†It means SCC gets compacted without external efforts like vibration, tamping etc. Due to these characteristics, SCC is ideally suited for concreting structures, which have heavily congested reinforcement or difficult access conditions. In this project, M30 grade concrete were made. 25%, 50% and 75% percentage of river sand where replaced by M-sand. The compressive strength, split tension test and flexural strength of concrete obtained at the ages of 7 and 28 days