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Pastoralisme et frugalité numérique : évaluation des usages chez les ménages pastoraux au Sénégal
No full textInternational audienceLe développement des outils numériques chez les éleveurs pastoraux transhumants au Sud fait l’objet d’une attention croissante par les programmes de développement. La téléphonie et l’internet mobile auraient une capacité transformative pour les systèmes d’élevage pour améliorer la conduite du troupeau, la commercialisation des produits agricoles et l’accès aux services de base. Toutefois, l’accès au téléphone et à l’internet semble très variable et conditionne l’intérêt du numérique pour le pastoralisme. Il est donc essentiel de pouvoir mieux qualifier les pratiques numériques au sein des exploitations pastorales. Une enquête menée au Sénégal auprès de 316 exploitations et 1 260 individus révèle que l’utilisation du numérique est frugale, avec des usages mobiles peu connectés à internet et des terminaux souvent anciens. Les compétences et les pratiques se concentrent principalement sur les échanges verbaux. Les éleveurs reconnaissent l’intérêt des téléphones pour améliorer leurs connaissances sur la santé animale, les services de proximité et les techniques d’alimentation, en utilisant des langues locales. Cependant, il est essentiel de prendre en compte la frugalité des équipements et des connexions pour développer des solutions adaptées et favoriser une utilisation efficace et inclusive des outils numériques dans le secteur de l’élevage pastoral au Sud. L’étude encourage in fine à mener une réflexion de fond sur ce que l’inclusion numérique peut représenter et sur ses impacts
Value seeking, health-conscious or sustainability-concerned? Profiling fruit and vegetable consumers in Euro-Mediterranean countries
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate consumer preferences and profile their food-related lifestyles, as well as to identify consumer groups with similar attitudes/behaviours in the Euro-Mediterranean fruit and vegetable market. Design/methodology/approach: A structured questionnaire was designed drawing from the food related lifestyles instrument and including other factors relevant to fruit and vegetable consumer preferences. The data were collected in an online survey with 925 participants in France, Greece, and Italy. A principal component analysis was conducted to interpret and examine consumers' fruit and vegetable related lifestyles. In addition, a cluster analysis was performed to identify different consumer segments, based on the core dimensions of the food-related lifestyle approach. Findings: In each country, three primary consumer segments were distinguished. Health-conscious individuals were predominant in France and Greece, while quality-conscious consumers were prevalent in Italy. These classifications were determined considering various factors such as purchase motivation, perception of product quality, health concerns, environmental certifications, and price sensitivity. Originality/value: The food-related lifestyle approach has been adapted instrument to create a customised survey instrument specifically designed to capture the intricacies of fruit and vegetable consumer preferences and priorities in three Euro-Mediterranean Countries
Diversifier en oléiculture et en viticulture dans le sud de la France
No full textCe document regroupe des fiches présentant des systèmes diversifiés en oléiculture et viticulture, tels que pratiqués par des agriculteurs.trices dans le Sud de la France. Ces systèmes ont été identifiés en mobilisant la méthode de la traque aux innovations (Salembier et al., 2016).Ces fiches sont issues des travaux de stage de Rosan de Lange (https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04229402v1) et de Rémi Bernard-Michinov (https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-04027622v1).Ces travaux ont été réalisés dans le cadre du projet Biodiversify. Cette étude a reçu le support financier de PRIMA (projet Biodiversify ANR-19-P026-0008-01), programme financé par l’Union Européenne. Nous remercions les conseillers et les agriculteurs ayant participé à cette étude
Prolactin blood concentration relies on the scalability of the TIDA neurons’ network efficiency in vivo
No full textInternational audienceOur understanding and management of reproductive health and related disorders such as infertility, menstrual irregularities, and pituitary disorders depend on understanding the intricate sex-specific mechanisms governing prolactin secretion. Using ex vivo experiments in acute slices, in parallel with in vivo calcium imaging (GRIN lens technology), we found that dopamine neurons inhibiting PRL secretion (TIDA), organize as functional networks both in and ex vivo. We defined an index of efficiency of networking (Ieff) using the duration of calcium events and the ability to form plastic economic networks. It determined TIDA neurons' ability to inhibit PRL secretion in vivo. Ieff variations in both sexes demonstrated TIDA neurons' adaptability to physiological changes. A variation in the number of active neurons contributing to the network explains the sexual dimorphism in basal [PRL]blood secretion patterns. These sex-specific differences in neuronal activity and network organization contribute to the understanding of hormone regulation
Bayesian tip-dated timeline for diversification and major biogeographic events in Muroidea (Rodentia), the largest mammalian radiation
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Germination of Sardinian black and white Vitis vinifera seeds according to treatments and dormancy factors
No full textInternational audiencePhysiological dormancy of Vitis vinifera seeds jeopardises breeding programs and biodiversity evolution. To increase the knowledge on dormancy breaking, seeds of white and black Sardinian grape cultivars (cvs) were exposed to different pre-germination treatments. To shed light on the physiological and structural factors involved in seed dormancy, the contents of oil, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, 3-indolacetic acid, condensed tannins, and total polyphenols were determined. In addition, sectioned seeds were observed by SEM to determine the morphological and anatomical characteristics. Dormancy break in white, but not in black grape seeds, occurred under almost all imposed pre-germination treatments. Among red cvs, only seeds from ‘Cagnulari’ germinated when kept at 25 °C. Chilling seeds of the white cvs ‘Malvasia sarda’ and ‘Vernaccia di Oristano’ for 30 d resulted in the most effective treatment. Compared to white cvs, seeds of red ones owned 7 times higher levels of abscisic acid however, gibberellic acid content resulted 4 times less. Concerning the coat characteristics, red cv seeds had a thicker cuticle (6–10 μm) than white (4–6 μm) ones, however the most significant diversities were found for the inner integument, where in addition to size variances, palisade cell wall were structurally different
book review of Javeel Cornelio & Volker Grabowski eds, Regional Identities in Southeast Asia
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Si le bois m’était conté. Climat, défrichement, sylviculture au Moyen Âge
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A daily dose of critical reflexivity for optimistic engineering researchers: An ongoing engagement with the interdisciplinarity observatory
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents the authors’ ongoing engagement at the Interdisciplinarity Observatory within a French Institute for Digital Agroecology. Since its inception in 2017, the Institute, primarily led by engineers from relevant fields, has sought to foster interdisciplinary research in digital agriculture by funding interdisciplinary theses and promoting exchanges among young researchers. The Observatory, an ad-hoc initiative established in January 2024, has a dual mission: to evaluate the implications of the Institute’s interdisciplinary initiatives—resulting in over 70 PhD theses—and to investigate the development of the Institute’s flagship project, which aims to build a cooperative agricultural robotic system.To achieve these objectives, the authors conducted a qualitative study involving interviews with researchers at various career stages, from professors to PhD students, and participation in meetings and workshops. Preliminary findings suggest that despite the Institute’s leadership advocating for interdisciplinarity across technological and social domains, a significant epistemic boundary persists between technological disciplines and social sciences. Engineers predominantly embrace technological solutionism and a diffusionist view of innovation, while social scientists are expected to identify strategic approaches and challenges related to technology transfer to practitioners. The authors recognize that these findings resonate with the literature on disciplinary boundaries and, in particular, reflect the entrenched culture within French engineering schools.Based on these observations, the authors argue that (1) interdisciplinarity within the Institute functions more as an organizational strategy than as an epistemic or practical approach, primarily aligning with the national funding agency’s agenda, and (2) the Interdisciplinarity Observatory serves as a tool to showcase the Institute’s and engineers’ commitment to reflexive, socially responsible innovation. Rather than merely criticizing this somewhat unsatisfactory situation, the authors further discuss their conceptual and practical strategies for enhancing interdisciplinarity within the Institute, thereby fostering innovation that better addresses the needs of practitioners and the imperative of agroecologital transition
Quantitative analysis of behavioural phase difference in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire, 1849) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from the examination of spatial distribution patterns
No full textInternational audienceThe field of animal behaviour has often relied on tracking and recording the behaviour of a single individual. For example, for decades, gregarious locust behaviour research has used a standard assay that tracks the path of an individual in a cell, including how much time it spends next to an adjacent cell containing a group of stimulus locusts. However, this process can be time-consuming and impractical in lab and field settings. Here, we validate a complementary approach that uses spatial distribution patterns of a group of locusts in a circular arena to characterize the level of gregarious behaviour. We examined temporal variations in nearest neighbour distances as a criterion of attraction–repulsion and the successive changes of position of the individuals as a criterion of activity level. We used 3rd instar juveniles of the Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (Reiche and Fairmaire1849), reared in isolated or crowded conditions. Locusts exhibit density-dependent plasticity, and crowd-rearing induces gregarious behaviour. As predicted, we found a larger nearest-neighbour distance between isolated-reared hoppers (indicating repulsion) than mass reared hoppers, which showed attraction to their conspecifics. Mass reared locusts walked greater distances, marking higher activity levels, which is another characteristic of gregarious locusts. These results indicate that this is an efficient and effective method of quantifying gregarious behaviour