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The Finances and Cost Structure of PCI
No full texthttps://peercommunityin.org/pci-finances/Peer Community In (PCI) is dedicated to the non-profit ethos, viewing knowledge as a common good. We provide free access to knowledge by minimizing costs in production and distribution, embracing cost-effective practices like economical travel and virtual meetings. Our funding primarily comes from public sources, emphasizing democratic decision-making in resource allocation. We prioritize sustained funding from diverse institutions over one-time grants. In-kind contributions from academic and research entities, along with voluntary assistance from colleagues, play a crucial role. We manage our finances prudently, accumulating savings as a safeguard for potential lean periods. Our cost-effective model supports scalability and cost reduction per article. This approach aligns with our mission of accessible publishing while ensuring financial sustainability
L'agriculture dans le sud de la France médiévale : l'exemple du Roussillon
No full textNational audienceLa plaine du Roussillon, située dans les Pyrénées-Orientales, a occupé au cours de son histoire une place stratégique au carrefour de diverses influences méditerranéennes. Les découvertes archéologiques et textuelles attestent de ces échanges, à travers l'évolution des modes d’habitat et d’exploitation des territoires, faisant du Roussillon un observatoire privilégié pour étudier la circulation des denrées et des techniques agricoles dans les sociétés protohistoriques, antiques et médiévales du nord-ouest méditerranéen.Ces vingt dernières années, d’importants progrès en archéologie, notamment en archéobotanique, ont permis la réalisation d'une synthèse sur l'évolution des productions et pratiques agricoles entre les périodes antiques et médiévales. Des études archéobotaniques menées sur quarante-et-un sites ont révélé 37 espèces cultivées/cueillies et plusieurs centaines de taxons sauvages. Ces recherches ont mis en lumière l’introduction d'espèces exotiques, comme le cyprès, et l’influence des populations romaines sur la spécialisation agricole. Les résultats ont ensuite été comparés avec d'autres régions méditerranéennes, offrant une perspective plus large sur l’évolution des productions végétales
The economic contribution of camel-based livestock systems in North-African drylands: the case of East and South Moroccan provinces
No full textInternational audienceIn Africa, camel herding is often viewed as a subsistence or ancient activity restricted to marginal drylands and arid or desert zones. However, camel products are increasingly sold in many cities, and camels are more and more used for tourist purposes. We can also see various public or private interventions in the arid zones aiming to develop processing units for milk or meat based on a business model. This present research aimed to evaluate the multiple economic and non-economic contributions of camel activities in North African drylands through analysis at the household and territorial levels using a multifunctional approach. Based on a study in five provinces of East and South Morocco, this article proposes a framework based on rural livelihoods and ecosystemic services for assessing the contribution of camel rearing to the rural economy and territorial development. It highlighted the multiple economic and non-economic functions of this activity, including domestic, trade, and services, as well as cultural attachment and local knowledge. We conclude by discussing current changes in camel herding, between supporting specialization for value chain participation and maintaining the overall sustainability of the camel systems in dryland areas
Récit socio-écologique des cyanobactéries de la lagune Aghien (Côte d’Ivoire). L’interdisciplinarité à l’épreuve du terrain
No full textInternational audienceVéronica est sociologue, Jean-François et Catherine sont écologues. À trois, ils nous offrent le récit d’un dialogue exigeant qui se déploie dans deux directions : du côté de l’interdisciplinarité entre sociologie et écologie d’une part, et entre scientifiques et acteurs de l’eau de l’autre. Ce dialogue s’enracine dans un problème très concret et sur un terrain bien circonscrit. On voit que les cyanobactéries sont des microorganismes réunissant beaucoup de monde. La coordination se construit pas à pas, dans un cheminement très progressif où le terrain joue le rôle à la fois de lieu et d’objet des rendez-vous, et de lieu de concrétisation des différentes étapes de progression dans le dialogue. On voit également que c’est autour de ce terrain et des relations qu’il créée que l’ensemble des acteurs aboutit à une reformulation du projet de départ, en déplaçant les termes du débat et même la place des différents acteurs dans le dispositif de recherche. On voit enfin que la sociologie s’empare du jeu politique qui se manifeste autour du dispositif de recherche pour documenter les résultats, au sens large, du projet
La diversité des agrumes: Ses origines, ses mécanismes et les moyens de l'évaluer
No full textÉcole thématiqu
Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Conservation funding is currently limited; cost‐effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID‐19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km 2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These “earth observatories” provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly
Barriers and levers for greater crop-livestock integration at regional level
No full textAgronomic Innovations n° 93April 2024Agricultural specialisation or diversity in local areas: issues, benefits and limitations, conditions for transitionCarrefour de l'innovation agronomique on Thursday 9 November 2023 at ENSAT in ToulouseInternational audienceThe specialization of agriculture and livestock, coupled with the concentration of production in specific regions and the resulting environmental impacts call for a paradigm shift. To meet the sustainability challenges, reconnecting crops and livestock on a local scale would enable exploiting the benefits of integrating livestock into cropping systems, and vice versa. Crop-livestock integration allows making use of biological synergies between animal and plant production through nutrient exchange (fertilisation and feeding) and natural complementarities between species (biological control). However, these practices are not yet mainstream in the current dominant agricultural model. Their development will require removing several obstacles to expand their scope effectively
Reconnecting crops and livestock on a territorial scale : multifaceted cooperations and a range of brakes and levers
No full textAgricultural specialisation or diversity in local areas: issues, benefits and limitations, conditions for transitionCarrefour de l'innovation agronomique on Thursday 9 November 2023 at ENSAT in ToulouseInternational audienceSystems based on crop-livestock interactions, at farm and territorial scales, are today presented as "agroecological prototypes". If, at the farm scale, these interactions are numerous, at the territory scale their implementation becomes more complex due to the diversity of the associated actors and therefore the multiplicity of objectives. This diversity, which has been the subject of recent characterisation works, seems to be increasing for different reasons (agroecological transition, regulations, local food sovereignty, etc.). To illustrate the diversity of these forms of cooperation, 3 examples chosen from the numerous Crop Livestock Interactions initiatives at the Territory scale observed in the field, are presented here. They are based on different forms of cooperation and modes of governance and are anchored in different territorial archetypes. They are described through the motivations of the actors for their implementation, their forms, the obstacles encountered and the levers activated. Finally, a transversal analysis was carried out, at the successive stages of cooperation (from emergence to sustainability), in a comparison based on 5 cases, which showed generic brakes and levers. Among the lessons, support in the emergence phase is crucial and requires rethinking the postures and support methods of advisory structures
