Repository of the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Health Studies
Not a member yet
2119 research outputs found
Sort by
STROKE IN A RURAL ENVIRONMENT – EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES
No full textUvod: Moždani udar je iznenadni gubitak moždane funkcije, koji može biti lokaliziran ili, rjeđe, globalan, i traje duže od 24 sata, a uzrokovan je poremećajem moždane cirkulacije. Prema mehanizmu nastanka dijeli se na ishemijski i hemoragijski moždani udar. U Hrvatskoj je moždani udar vodeći uzrok invaliditeta i drugi uzrok smrti.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi učestalost moždanog udara kao indikacije za prijem u Opću bolnicu i bolnicu branitelja domovinskog rata Ogulin.
Materijali i metode: Provedena je retrospektivna analiza podataka iz bolničkog informatičkog sustava koja je obuhvatila sve bolesnike obrađene pod dijagnozom moždanog udara (dijagnoze Ixx-Ixx u Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti) srčanog zatajenja u Općoj bolnici Ogulin u razdoblju od 01.01.2014. do 31.12.2023. godine.
Rezultati: Kod 81.6% pacijenata je bio prisutan ishemički moždani udar. Nema statistički značajne razlike između žena i muškaraca u zastupljenosti moždanog udara (Z=1.00034, p>0.10), a 39.7% bolesnika sa moždanim udarom je bilo u dobi od 70 do 80 godina. Najveći broj pacijenata s dijagnozom moždanog udara zabilježen u siječnju (147), a najmanji u travnju (107). U drugu bolničku ustanovu premješteno je 13.7% bolesnika sa moždanim udarom.
Zaključak: Zbrinjavanje moždanog udara u ruralnim sredinama suočen je s brojnim izazovima, uključujući ograničen pristup specijaliziranoj medicinskoj skrbi, nedostatak napredne dijagnostičke opreme te manjak multidisciplinarnih lječničkih timova. Kako bi se poboljšali ishodi liječenja, ključno je uspostaviti efikasan sustav transporta bolesnika u specijalizirane ustanove, kao i ulagati u edukaciju postojećeg medicinskog osoblja. Poboljšanje infrastrukture i kapaciteta lokalnih zdravstvenih ustanova također može značajno doprinijeti uspješnijem zbrinjavanju i smanjenju mortaliteta i invaliditeta uzrokovanih moždanim udarom u ruralnim sredinama.Introduction: A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function, which can be localized or, less often, global, and lasts longer than 24 hours, and is caused by a disorder of cerebral circulation. According to the mechanism of occurrence, it is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. In Croatia, stroke is the leading cause of disability and the second cause of death.
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of stroke as an indication for admission to the General Hospital and the Ogulin Homeland War Veterans Hospital.
Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of data from the hospital's IT system was carried out, which included all patients treated under the diagnosis of stroke (diagnoses Ixx-Ixx in the International Classification of Diseases) of heart failure in the Ogulin General Hospital in the period from 01.01.2014. until 31.12.2023. years.
Results: Ischemic stroke was present in 81.6% of patients. There is no statistically significant difference between women and men in the incidence of stroke (Z=1.00034, p>0.10), and 39.7% of stroke patients were between the ages of 70 and 80. The highest number of patients diagnosed with stroke was recorded in January (147), and the lowest in April (107). 13.7% of stroke patients were transferred to another hospital.
Conclusion: Stroke care in rural areas faces numerous challenges, including limited access to specialized medical care, a lack of advanced diagnostic equipment, and a shortage of multidisciplinary medical teams. In order to improve treatment outcomes, it is crucial to establish an efficient system of transporting patients to specialized institutions, as well as investing in the education of existing medical staff. Improving the infrastructure and capacity of local health institutions can also significantly contribute to more successful care and reduction of mortality and disability caused by stroke in rural areas
Efficiency of the 2nd triage category in the emergency department
No full textUVOD: U Hrvatskoj se koristi Australsko-azijska nacionalna trijažna ljestvica (ATS), koja
omogućava procjenu hitnosti stanja pacijenta te im, na temelju te procjene, dodjeljuje jednu od
pet trijažnih kategorija. Svaka kategorija definira maksimalno dopušteno vrijeme čekanja na
pregled od strane liječnika. Prag učinkovitosti odnosi se na udio pacijenata trijažiranih u
određenu kategoriju prema ATS-u, kod kojih pregled od strane liječnika mora započeti unutar
predviđenog vremenskog okvira od dolaska pacijenta.
CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti učinkovitost druge trijažne kategorije u Objedinjenom
hitnom bolničkom prijemu (OHBP) Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka tijekom 2023. godine.
METODE I MATERIJALI: Za potrebe istraživanja provedena je detaljna analiza medicinske
dokumentacije, uključujući podatke iz bolničkog informacijskog sustava „BIS“ te povijesti
bolesti svih pacijenata trijažiranih u drugu trijažnu kategoriju unutar OHBP-a KBC-a Rijeka
tijekom 2023. godine. Analiza je obuhvatila podatke o hospitalizaciji, otpustu, smrtnosti te
učinkovitosti medicinskih intervencija.
REZULTATI: Udio hospitaliziranih pacijenata u drugoj trijažnoj kategoriji iznosio je 56,2%,
dok je 42,9% pacijenata otpušteno na kućnu njegu, što ukazuje na to da je više od polovice
pacijenata zahtijevalo dodatnu medicinsku skrb. Stopa smrtnosti bila je niska, s ukupno 0,3%
preminulih pacijenata, što ukazuje na pravovremenost i učinkovitost medicinske intervencije
Najveći udio pacijenata s promatranim teškoćama imao je probleme s disanjem (23,69%), bol u
grlu i prsištu (12,19%) te nespecificiranu bol u prsima (12,61%). Od ukupno 6.518 pacijenata
trijažiranih u drugu trijažnu kategoriju, njih 99,1% pregledano je od strane liječnika unutar 10
minuta. Ovaj rezultat u potpunosti je u skladu s propisanim standardima, što potvrđuje visoku
učinkovitost trijažnog procesa.
ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati pokazuju da druga trijažna kategorija uspješno identificira pacijente
koji zahtijevaju hitnu medicinsku intervenciju, uz visoku stopu pravovremenog liječenja i nisku
smrtnost. Ujedno potvrđuju usklađenost s propisanim medicinskim standardima, čime se
dokazuje učinkovitost trijažnog procesa u pružanju kvalitetne medicinske skrbi.INTRODUCTION: In Croatia, the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) is used, which allows for
the assessment of the urgency of a patient's condition and assigns them to one of five triage
categories based on this assessment. Each category defines the maximum allowable waiting time
for a medical examination. The efficiency threshold refers to the proportion of patients triaged
into a specific category according to the ATS, for whom the medical examination must begin
within the designated time frame from the patient's arrival.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the second triage category
in the Emergency Department (OHBP) of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka during the year
2023.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: For the purposes of this research, a detailed analysis of
medical documentation was conducted, including data from the hospital information system
"BIS" and the medical histories of all patients triaged into the second triage category within the
Emergency Department (OHBP) of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka during 2023. The
analysis covered data on hospitalization, discharge, mortality, and the effectiveness of medical
interventions.
RESULTS: The proportion of hospitalized patients in the second triage category was 56.2%,
while 42.9% of patients were discharged to home care, indicating that more than half of the
patients required additional medical care. The mortality rate was low, with a total of 0.3% of
patients deceased, highlighting the timeliness and effectiveness of medical interventions. The
largest share of patients with observed difficulties had breathing problems (23.69%), throat and
chest pain (12.19%), and unspecified chest pain (12.61%). Out of a total of 6,518 patients triaged
into the second category, 99.1% were examined by a physician within 10 minutes. This result
fully complies with the prescribed standards, confirming the high efficiency of the triage process.
CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the second triage category successfully identifies
patients who require urgent medical intervention, with a high rate of timely treatment and low
mortality. They also confirm compliance with prescribed medical standards, demonstrating the
effectiveness of the triage process in providing quality medical care
IMPACT OF RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY ON VITAL SIGNES IN POPULATION OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LOWER RESPITATORY TRACT INFECTIONS: Research : Master thesis
No full textUvod i cilj istraživanja: Akutne infekcije donjih dišnih putova jedan je od vodećih uzroka pobola i smrtnosti kod djece. Respiratorna fizioterapija kao dio fizioterapijskog procesa ima važnu ulogu u liječenju djece s respiratornim bolestima. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati utjecaj respiratorne fizioterapije na vitalne znakove kod djece hospitalizirane zbog akutne respiratorne infekcije donjih dišnih putova.
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici istraživanja su djeca predškolske dobi (0-6 godina) hospitalizirana zbog akutnih respiratornih infekcija donjih dišnih putova kojima je propisana respiratorna fizioterapija kao dio terapijskog protokola. Postupci respiratorne fizioterapije uključivali su položajnu drenažu, manualnu perkusiju, vibraciju prsnog koša u fazi ekspirija i aktivno iskašljavanje/aspiraciju. Vitalni znakovi (saturacija periferije kisikom (SpO2), frekvencija disanja, frekvencija srca) mjerili su se prije terapije, neposredno nakon terapije, 5 minuta i 10 minuta nakon terapije.
Rezultati: Uzorak istraživanja sastojao se od ukupno 30 ispitanika, od kojih 12 muškog spola te 18 ženskog spola. Postupci respiratorne fizioterapije utjecali su statistički značajno na smanjenje frekvencije srca, frekvencije disanja i povećanje SpO2 u promatranom intervalu od 10 minuta. Niti jedna od promatranih nezavisnih varijabli (spol, dob, učestalost infekcija) nije imala značajan utjecaj na razlike u vitalnim znakovima prije i 10 minuta nakon terapije.
Zaključak: Respiratorna fizioterapija pozitivno utječe na vitalne znakove kod djece s akutnim respiratornim infekcijama, neovisno o spolu, dobi i učestalosti infekcija. Daljnja istraživanja trebala bi obuhvatiti veći broj ispitanika i dugotrajnije praćenje kako bi se bolje razumjeli dugoročni učinci terapije.Introduction and research objective: Acute lower respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Respiratory physiotherapy as a part of the physiotherapy process plays an important role in the treatment of children with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of respiratory physiotherapy on vital signs in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract.
Participants and methods: The subjects of the research are children of preschool age (0-6 years) who were hospitalized due to acute respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract and who were prescribed respiratory physiotherapy as part of the therapeutic protocol. Respiratory physiotherapy procedures included positional drainage, manual percussion, chest vibration in the expiratory phase and active expectoration/aspiration. Vital signs (peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate, heart rate) were measured before therapy, immediately after therapy, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after therapy.
Results: The research sample consisted of a total of 30 subjects, of which 12 were male and 18 were female. Respiratory physiotherapy procedures showed a statistically significant decrease in heart rate, breathing frequency and an increase in SpO2 in the observed 10-minute interval. None of the observed independent variables (gender, age, frequency of infections) had a significant impact on the differences in vital signs before and 10 minutes after therapy.
Conclusion: Respiratory physiotherapy has a positive effect on vital signs in children with acute respiratory infections, regardless of gender, age and frequency of infections. Further research should include a larger number of subjects and longer follow-up to better understand the long-term effects of the therapy
Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis
No full textEndovaskularno liječenje stenoze karotidne arterije minimalno je invazivni postupak kod kojeg se pristupa karotidnoj arteriji kroz femoralnu arteriju te se stent postavlja kako bi se proširio suženi lumen arterije, najčešće stenoziran plakom. Plakovi nastaju uslijed ateroskleroze koja se defnira kao proces zadebljanja stijenke krvne žile koji karakterizira upala i proliferacija stanica stijenke istih. Stenoze se djele na blage, ako je suženje lumena oko 25%, umjerene ako je veće od 50% ili značajne ako je suženje veće od 70%. Aterosklerotske promjene mogu biti uzrok raznih kardiovaskularnih bolesti kao što su koronarna bolest srca, moždani udar ili periferna arterijska bolest. Ishemijski moždani udar uzrokovan stenozom unutarnje karotidne arterije pojavljuje se u 8-30 % slučajeva. U prevenciji važno je kontroliranje okolinskih čimbenika koji utječu na nastanak aterosklerotskih promjena te uključuju hiperlipidemiju, hipertenziju, pušenje duhanskih proizvoda i dijabetes. Dijagnosticiranje stenoze karotidne arterije i planiranje endovaskularnog zahvata zahtijeva pregled Doppler ultrazvukom i/ili CT/MR angiografiju s upotrebom jodnog kontrastnog sredstva.
Ovaj rad retrospektivno analizira tri cilja, dob i prohodnost kontralateralne strane u bolesnika podvrgnutih endovaskularnom liječenju stenoze karotidne arterije na Kliničkom zavodu za dijagnostičku i intervencijsku radiologiju u KBC-u Rijeka, u vremenskom razdoblju od 1. siječnja 2020. do 31. prosinca 2023. te tehničku uspješnost i broj komplikacija samog zahvata. U već navedenom vremenskom razdoblju, anonimno su prikupljeni podaci o 77 bolesnika iz njihove medicinske dokumentacije. Ovim istraživanjem, potvrdili smo da je najveći broj bolesnika podvrgnutih zahvatu starije dobi. Utvrdili smo broj bolesnika koji su podvrgnuti endovaskularnom zahvatu liječnenja karodtidne arterije s okluzijom kontralatrealne strane. Također, utvrdili smo postotak komplikacija endovaskularnog zahvata.Endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis is a minimally invasive procedure in which the carotid artery is accessed through the femoral artery and a stent is placed to widen the narrowed lumen of the artery, most often stenosed by plaque. Plaques are formed due to atherosclerosis, which is defined as a process of thickening of the blood vessel wall characterized by inflammation and proliferation of the cells of the same wall. Stenoses are divided into mild, if the narrowing of the lumen is about 25%, moderate if it is more than 50% or significant if the narrowing is more than 70%. Atherosclerotic changes can be the cause of various cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke or peripheral arterial disease. Ischemic stroke caused by stenosis of the internal carotid artery occurs in 8-30% of cases. In prevention, it is important to control environmental factors that influence the development of atherosclerotic changes, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking tobacco products, and diabetes. Diagnosing caroid artery stenosis and planning an endovascular procedure requires a Doppler ultrasound examination and/or CT/MR angiography with the use of an iodine contrast agent.
This paper retrospectively analyzes three goals, age and the patency of the contralateral side in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis at the Clinical Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology at KBC Rijeka, in the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. 2023 and the technical success and number of complications of the procedure itself. In the above-mentioned period of time, data on 77 patients was collected anonymously from their medical records. With this research, we have confirmed that the largest number of patients undergoing the procedure are of an older age. We determined the number of patients who underwent endovascular treatment of the carotid artery with occlusion of the contralateral side. Also, we determined the percentage of complications of endovascular procedures
COMPARISON OF CALCIFICATES AND DEGENERATIVE ROTATOR CUFF TEARS WITH REGARD TO LOCATION, GENDER AND AGE: research
No full textGlenohumeralni zglob, zbog svoje sferoidne anatomije, najmobilniji je i najkompleksniji zglob u ljudskom tijelu. Stabilizacija ovog zgloba zahtijeva dinamičku i statičku ravnotežu, pri čemu su rotatorna manžeta i ligamenti ključni faktori. Upravo iz tog razloga nastaju degenerativne promjene, poput kalcificirajućeg tendinitisa i rupture rotatorne manžete te često i značajno utječu na funkcionalnost ramena. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti pojavu kalcificirajućeg tendinitisa i rupture rotatorne manžete kod pacijenata koji su bili na pregledu u Poliklinici Scipion, te analizirati razlike u pojavnosti ovih stanja u odnosu na dob, spol i njihovu lokalizaciju u tetivama mišića rotatorne manžete.Introduction and Research Objective: The glenohumeral joint, due to its spheroidal anatomy, is the most mobile and complex joint in the human body. The stabilization of this joint requires a dynamic and static balance, with the rotator cuff and ligaments playing key roles. Degenerative changes, such as calcific tendinitis and rotator cuff tears, are common and significantly affect shoulder function. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of calcific tendinitis and rotator cuff tears in patients at the Scipion Polyclinic and to analyze the differences in the prevalence of these conditions with respect to age, gender, and their localization in the rotator cuff tendons.
Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 126 patients (63 men and 63 women) who visited the Scipion Polyclinic between April and August 2024 due to suspected calcific tendinitis and/or rotator cuff tears. The average age of the participants was 55.3 years. The primary diagnostic tool was ultrasound, and the data included age, gender, ultrasound findings, and any additional diagnostic examinations such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray. Bias was prevented by conducting the examinations without informing the specialist of the study's objectives.
Results: Calcifications were recorded in 66.7 % of the participants, while degenerative tears were present in 45.2 % of the participants. No statistically significant difference was found in the prevalence of calcific tendinitis between men and women, while calcifications were more common in patients over 40 years old. A similar results were observed in the prevalance of the rotator cuff tears, where no significant gender differences were found. The most commonly affected muscle tendons in both conditions are on supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscle. Additionally, 14.3 % of the participants developed frozen shoulder after the initial diagnosis.
Conclusion: The study showed that calcific tendinitis and rotator cuff tears are more common in individuals over 40 years old, with no significant gender differences in prevalence. Future research should include a combination of ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical examination to further investigate the relationship between these conditions and the risk of developing complex diseases such as frozen shoulder
KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING STUDENTS ABOUT EMERGENCIES IN PEDIATRICS
No full textSAŽETAK
UVOD: Pedijatrija je grana medicine definirana predmetom svog interesa, odnosno djetetom. Pristup zbrinjavanja ugroženog djeteta razlikuje se od zbrinjavanja hitnih stanja u odraslih (1). Ta stanja ozbiljno i neposredno ugrožavaju život djece te kao takva zahtijevaju hitno zbrinjavanje. Spremnost zdravstvenog djelatnika na brzu reakciju i suočavanje s unesrećenim kojemu je ugrožen život od izuzetne je važnosti. Takve događaje je nemoguće predvidjeti, jer dolaze naglo i kad ih se najmanje očekuje. Činjenice se moraju brzo uočavati i točno interpretirati. Stoga se i odluke u takvim situacijama donose brzo, često uz ograničene podatke i pod velikim pritiskom. Zato je od izuzetne važnosti cjeloživotna edukacija, stjecanje znanja i vještina te dobar timski rad.
CILJ: Cilj rada je istražiti, prikazati i opisati razinu znanja studenata preddiplomskog studija sestrinstva o hitnim stanjima u pedijatriji i povezanost znanja sa dobi, radnim iskustvom i radnim mjestom.
ISPITANICI I METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno anketnim upitnikom pripremljenim za ispitanike – studente prijediplomskog studija sestrinstva zaposlene na odjelima pedijatrije, OHBP, ZZHM, domu zdravlja, domu za starije i ustanovama za zdravstvenu njegu u kući. Planirani uzorak ispitanika bio je 104, jer je istraživanje uključivalo studente sa sve tri godine prijediplomskog studija. Podaci su se prikupljali u razdoblju od 01. svibnja do 30. lipnja 2024. godine. Ispitanici su ispunjavali anketni upitnik.
REZULTATI: Najveći broj netočnih odgovora, odnosno njih 92,3% zabilježen je na tvrdnji „Ako dijete nije utopljenik, nema spontanog povratka srčane akcije i bila, reanimacija se u tom slučaju prekida nakon 20 min.“. Istraživanje je pokazalo kako je više od pola tvrdnji kod kojih ispitanici ne znaju odgovor na pitanje, što pokazuje visok prag nesigurnosti medicinskih sestara/tehničara o hitnim stanjima u pedijatriji.
ZAKLJUČAK: Istraživanje je pokazalo kako većina zdravstvenih djelatnika koja ne radi na radilištu koje je direktno povezano sa pedijatrijskim bolesnicima nema dovoljnu količinu znanja o hitnim stanjima u pedijatriji. Hitna stanja u pedijatriji nikad neće postati rutina, već će tjerati zdravstvene djelatnike da se neprestano usavršavaju kako bi krajnji ishod bio što bolji i kvalitetniji.SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION: Pediatrics is a branch of medicine defined by the object of its interest, i.e. the child. The approach to taking care of an endangered child is different from taking care of emergency situations in adults (1). These conditions seriously and immediately endanger the lives of children and as such require urgent treatment. The readiness of the healthcare worker to react quickly and deal with the victim whose life is in danger is extremely important. Such events are impossible to predict, because they come suddenly and when least expected. Therefore, decisions in such situations are made quickly, often with limited information and under great pressure.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the paper is to investigate, present and describe the level of knowledge of undergraduate nursing students about emergency situations in pediatrics and the connection of knowledge with age, work experience and workplace.
RESPONDENTS AND METHODS: The research was conducted with a questionnaire prepared for the respondents - undergraduate nursing students employed at the departments of pediatrics, OHBP, ZZHM, health center, home for the elderly and home health care institutions. The planned sample of respondents was 104, because the research included students from all three years of undergraduate studies. Data were collected in the period from May 1 to June 30, 2024. Respondents filled out a survey questionnaire.
RESULTS: The largest number of incorrect answers, i.e. 92.3% of them, was recorded on the statement "If the child is not drowned, there is no spontaneous return of the heart action and was, in that case resuscitation is stopped after 20 min.". The research showed that more than half of the statements are where the respondents do not know the answer to the question, which shows a high threshold of uncertainty of nurses/technicians about emergency situations in pediatrics.
CONCLUSION: The research showed that the majority of healthcare professionals who do not work in a workplace that is directly related to pediatric patients do not have a sufficient amount of knowledge about emergency situations in pediatrics. Emergencies in pediatrics will never become routine, but will force health professionals to constantly improve themselves so that the end result is as good and high-quality as possible
COMPARISON OF SIDE EFFECTS DURING CONVENTIONAL RADIATION RADIOTHERAPY COMPARED TO HYPOFRACTIONAL RADIATION IN PATIENTS WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
No full textUvod: Karcinom dojke je najčešći maligni tumor kod žena. DCIS je neinvazivni oblik karcinoma, koji se smatra prijelaznim stadijem između hiperplazije i invazivnog tumora. Radioterapija, ključna u liječenju DCIS-a, smanjuje rizik od recidiva. Postoje različiti pristupi radioterapiji, uključujući standardno i hipofrakcionirano zračenje. Hipofrakcionirano zračenje omogućuje kraće trajanje terapije s jednakim kozmetskim učinkom u odnosu na standardni oblik zračenja.
Cilj: Istraživanje analizira pojavnost i stupanj akutnih nuspojava kod pacijentica koje su bile podvrgnute liječenju duktalnog karcinoma dojke standardnim frakcioniranim zračenjem (1 puta dnevno, 5 puta tjedno, tijekom 5 tjedana) ili hipofrakcioniranim zračenjem u kojem se aplicira manja ukupna, ali viša dnevna doza. Također, želi se utvrditi postoji li razlika u nuspojavama s obzirom na dob pacijentica.
Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno analizom podataka iz bolničkog sustava IBIS na uzorku od 34 pacijentice s dijagnozom duktalnog karcinoma dojke (DCIS). Pacijentice su bile podvrgnute standardnom ili hipofrakcioniranom radioterapijskom protokolu tijekom dvije različite godine. Cilj je bio usporediti nuspojave zračenja koje su zabilježene i kategorizirane prema težini od strane liječnika. Iako nisu dostupni podaci o volumenu dojki i pigmentaciji kože, ključni faktori uključeni u analizu su ukupna apsorbirana doza i trajanje zračenja.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 34 pacijentice s duktalnim karcinomom dojke koje su bile podvrgnute radioterapiji standardnim ili hipofrakcioniranim protokolom. Od pacijentica koje su bile podvrgnute liječenju radioterapijom standardnim protokolom zračenja njih 9 (50.00%) je imalo nuspojave prvog stupnja, 8 (44.44%) je bilo bez nuspojava i 1 (5.56%) je imala nuspojave drugog stupnja. Kod pacijentica koje su bile podvrgnute radioterapiji hipofrakcioniranim zračenjem 10 (62.50%) ih je imalo nuspojave prvog stupnja, 6 (37.50%) je bilo bez nuspojava te ni jedna pacijentica nije imala nuspojave drugog stupnja. Nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti i stupnju nuspojava između dvaju protokola, kao ni korelacija između dobi i stupnja nuspojava. Rezultati podržavaju hipotezu da nema statistički značajne razlike u učestalosti i stupnju akutnih nuspojava tijekom radioterapije konvencionalnim načinom zračenja u odnosu na hipofrakcionirano zračenje kod bolesnica s duktalnim karcinomom in situ, ali ne podržavaju hipotezu da će mlađe pacijentice reagirati s češćim i značajnijim akutnim nuspojavama.
Zaključak: U istraživanju su analizirane 34 pacijentice s duktalnim karcinomom dojke, podijeljene u dvije skupine: 18 pacijentica liječenih standardnim zračenjem i 16 pacijentica liječenih hipofrakcioniranim zračenjem. Prosječna dob pacijentica bila je 64,91 godina. Većina pacijentica (19) imala je nuspojave prvog stupnja, a samo jedna pacijentica imala je nuspojave drugog stupnja. Statistička analiza nije pokazala značajnu razliku u učestalosti i stupnju akutnih nuspojava između dvije metode zračenja ni povezanost između dobi pacijentica i stupnja akutnih nuspojava. Hipoteza 1 je potvrđena. Hipoteza je 2 odbijena, iako postojeća literatura sugerira suprotno. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja s većim uzorkom.Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive form considered a transition between hyperplasia and invasive tumor. Radiotherapy, crucial in the treatment of DCIS, reduces the risk of recurrence. There are different approaches to radiotherapy, including standard and hypofractionated radiation. Hypofractionated radiation allows for a shorter duration of therapy with equal cosmetic outcomes compared to standard radiation.
Aim: The study investigates the incidence and severity of acute side effects in patients undergoing treatment for ductal breast carcinoma with either standard fractionated radiation (once daily, five times a week, for five weeks) or hypofractionated radiation, which involves a smaller total but higher daily dose. It also aims to determine if there is a difference in side effects based on the age of the patients.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by analyzing data from the IBIS hospital system on a sample of 34 patients with a diagnosis of ductal breast carcinoma (DCIS). Patients were treated with either the standard or hypofractionated radiotherapy protocol over two different years. The goal was to compare radiation side effects which were recorded and categorized by severity by the physicians. Although data on breast volume and skin pigmentation were not available, key factors included the total absorbed dose and duration of radiation.
Results: The study included 34 patients with ductal breast carcinoma who underwent radiotherapy with either standard or hypofractionated protocols. Among those treated with standard radiation, 9 (50.00%) had grade I side effects, 8 (44.44%) had no side effects, and 1 (5.56%) had grade II side effects. Among patients treated with hypofractionated radiation, 10 (62.50%) had grade I side effects, 6 (37.50%) had no side effects, and no patients had grade II side effects. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence and severity of side effects between the two protocols, nor was there a correlation between age and the severity of side effects. The results support the hypothesis that there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence and severity of acute side effects between conventional and hypofractionated radiation in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, but they do not support the hypothesis that younger patients experience more frequent and severe acute side effects.
Conclusion: The study analyzed 34 patients with ductal breast carcinoma, divided into two groups: 18 patients treated with standard radiation and 16 patients treated with hypofractionated radiation. The average age of the patients was 64.91 years. Most patients (19) experienced grade I side effects, and only one patient had grade II side effects. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the incidence and severity of acute side effects between the two radiation methods or a correlation between patient age and the severity of acute side effects. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, while Hypothesis 2 was rejected, although existing literature suggests otherwise. Further research with a larger sample is needed
Influence of organized regular exercise activities on cardiorespiratory status of women
No full textUvod: Tjelesna aktivnost je svaki pokret koji se izvodi aktivacijom skeletnih mišića i potrošnje energije. Ona pozitivno utječe na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje. Redovita tjelesna aktivnost poboljšava kondiciju, povećava snagu i izdržljivost mišića i prevencija je za nastanak nezaraznih bolesti. Redovitom tjelesnom aktivnošću smanjuje se rizik od pojave kroničnih nezaraznih bolesti i pozitivno utječe na psihičko zdravlje. Tjelesna aktivnost ima značajan utjecaj na organizam žena koji je posebno osjetljiv u specifičnim razdobljima života kao što su adolescencija, trudnoća, postporođajno razdoblje i menopauza.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi kako redovita tjelesna aktivnost utječe na kardiorespiratorni status žena.
Materijali i metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovale 24 ispitanice uključene u program organizirane redovite tjelesne aktivnosti u razdoblju od 01.02.2024. do 31.03.2024. godine. Prije i nakon vježbanja učinjeno je mjerenje saturacije kisika i šestminutni test hoda te određen indeks tjelesne mase. Po završetku prikupljanja podataka, dobiveni podaci su obrađeni prikladnim statističkim metodama u programu Statistica 13.3 (TIBCO Software Inc.).
Rezultati: Od tri postavljene hipoteze, dvije su potvrđene. U prvoj hipotezi statističkom analizom s pomoću Wilcoxon testa potvrđuje se kako ne postoje značajne razlike u indeksu tjelesne mase ispitanica između prvog i drugog mjerenja, p=0,422. Istraživanjem je potvrđeno kako postoje značajne razlike između saturacije kisika prije i poslije treninga - p=0,003. Ispitanice su postigle značajno bolje rezultate u u 6-minutnom testu hoda nakon dvomjesečnog programa tjelesne aktivnosti (p<0,0001).
Zaključak: Redovna tjelesna aktivnost doprinosi značajnom poboljšanju kardiorespiratornog statusa, posebice s povećanjem životne dobi. Iako kratkotrajna TA može donijeti određene koristi, integrirani dugoročni pristup koji uključuje sveukupnu promjenu životnih navika svakako je učinkovitiji u općem poboljšanju zdravlja.Introduction: Physical activity is any movement performed by activating skeletal muscles and using energy. It has a positive effect on physical and mental health. Regular physical activity improves fitness, increases muscle strength and endurance, and prevents the onset of non-communicable diseases. Regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases and has a positive effect on mental health. Physical activity has a significant impact on the body of women, which is especially sensitive in specific periods of life such as adolescence, pregnancy, the postpartum period and menopause.
The aim of this research was to determine how regular physical activity affects the cardiorespiratory status of women.
Materials and methods: 24 respondents participated in the research, included in the program of organized regular physical activity in the period from February 1, 2024. Until 31.03.2024. years. Before and after exercise, oxygen saturation was measured, a six-minute walk test was performed, and the body mass index was determined. Upon completion of data collection, the obtained data were processed using appropriate statistical methods in the Statistica 13.3 program (TIBCO Software Inc.).
Results: Of the three hypotheses, two were confirmed. In the first hypothesis, statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test confirms that there are no significant differences in the body mass index of the subjects between the first and second measurements, p=0.422. The research confirmed that there are significant differences between oxygen saturation before and after training - p=0.003. The test subjects achieved significantly better results in the 6-minute walk test after the two-month physical activity program (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: Regular physical activity contributes to a significant improvement of cardiorespiratory status, especially with increasing age. Although short-term TA can bring certain benefits, an integrated long-term approach that includes an overall change in lifestyle habits is certainly more effective in general health improvement
KNOWLEDGE OF NURSES ABOUT PORT-A-CATH : Bachelor thesis
No full textPort-a-cath kateter (port) je uređaj koji se implantira subdermalno i omogućuje trajni pristup centralnom krvotoku. Implantacija porta je u porastu, posebno u onkoloških pacijenata ali i kod pacijenata s malnutricijom i sindromom kratkog crijeva. Edukacija medicinskih sestara/tehničara o portu je ključna za sigurno korištenje i održavanje porta i smanjuje eventualne komplikacije. Trenutno, srednjoškolski i studijski programi za sestrinstvo ne uključuju teoretsku i praktičnu edukaciju o portu. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu znanja medicinskih sestara/tehničara Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka (KBC Rijeka) o korištenju i održavanju porta, i utvrditi postoji li potreba za poboljšanje teoretskih i praktičnih vještina vezanih za port. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoji potreba za kontinuiranom edukacijom u području postupaka s portom. Iako većina ispitanika pokazuje osnovno znanje, vidljiva je značajna varijabilnost u istom. Standardizirana edukacija nužna je kako bi se pacijentima pružila adekvatna i sigurna skrb.The Port-a-cath catheter (port) is a device implanted subdermal that provides permanent access to the central bloodstream. The implantation of ports is on the rise, especially among oncology patients, but also in patients with malnutrition and short bowel syndrome. Nurses’ education about port is crucial for the safe use and maintenance of ports and reduces potential complications. Currently, secondary and higher education nursing programs do not include theoretical and practical education about ports. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of nurses at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (CHC Rijeka) regarding the use and maintenance of ports, and to identify whether there is a need to improve theoretical and practical skills related to ports. The results of the study show that there is a need for continuous education in port procedures. Although most respondents show basic knowledge, there is significant variability in this knowledge. Standardized education is necessary to provide patients with adequate and safe care
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION
No full textFibrilacija atrija je jedna od najučestalijih aritmija u svijetu. Radiofrekventna ablacija jedna od najučestalijih metoda liječenja fibrilacije atrija. Postupak rezultira izolacijom plućnih vena i ektopičnih žarišta pomoću odašiljanja valova viske frekvencije iz RF katetera u svrhu suzbijanja uzročnika aritmije. Cilj istraživanja je bio analizirati dobnu distribuciju i spolnu zastupljenost pacijenata podvrgnutih navedenom metodom te utvrditi uspješnost zahvata. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 69 pacijenata koji su bili podvrgnuti postupku radiofrekventne ablacije pulmonalnih vena u svrhu liječenja fibrilacije atrija. Podatci za istraživanje su prikupljeni u Klinici za bolesti srca i krvnih žila, Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka tokom 2021. godine. Rezultati ukazuju na to kako je uspješnost zahvata i više nego zadovoljavajuća jer postotak pacijenata kojima je bilo potrebno ponavljanje procedure iznosi svega 5,8% tj. samo četiri pacijenta. Spolna zastupljenost upućuje na to kako je veći udio pacijenata podvrgnutih proceduri muškog spola odnosno 62,3%. Dobna distribucija nam govori iako je veća prevalencija bolesti kod ljudi starije životne dobi manje ih se odlučuje za sprovođenje zahvata iz raznih razloga poput ostalih komorbiditeta te udio pacijenata starije dobi (65+) nad kojima je obavljen zahvat iznosi 43,5%.Atrial fibrillation is one of the most prevalent arrhythmias in the world while radiofrequency ablation is one of the most common treatment methods. Procedure results in isolation of pulmonary veins and ectopic foci by transmitting high-frequency waves from RF catheter for the purpose of suppressing the causative agent of the arrhythmia. The objectives of the research were to analyse age distribution and sex representation of the patients that underwent the procedure and to determine the success rate of the procedure. In the research 69 patients were participating whose method of treatment for AF was radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary veins. Data for the research were gathered at. Results indicate that the success rate of the procedure is more than satisfactory because the percent of patients which needed a redo was only 5,8% i.e. 4 patients. Gender representation refer that the larger share of patients which underwent the procedure were male i.e. 62,3% while age distribution indicates that even though the prevalence is higher in patients of older age fewer of them decide to undergo the procedure for various reasons such as other comorbidities and the percent of people of older age (65+) which underwent the procedure sum up to 43,5%