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HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR THE DIABETIC FOOT OR COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES: research
No full textDijabetičko stopalo i komplikacije dijabetesa predstavljaju ozbiljan medicinski problem kod osoba s dijabetesom. Komplikacije se javljaju uslijed smanjenja cirkulacije i oštećenja živaca što može dovesti do pojave rana, ulkusa, infekcije i u težim slučajevima do amputacije stopala ili noge. U ovom radu istražena je primjenu hiperbarične oksinogene terapije kao dodatna metoda liječenja uz osnovnu, etiološku terapiju za liječenje dijabetičkog stopala i/ili komplikacija dijabetesa u u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka u Zavodu za podvodnu i hiperbaričnu medicinu u periodu od 1. 1. do 31. 12. 2022. godine. Cilj istraživanja i kliničke studije je analiza učinkovitosti hiperbarične oksinogene terapije kod dijabetičkog stopala i/ili komplikacija dijabetesa u poticanju zacjeljivanja rana, poboljšanju cirkulacije i smanjenju rizika od amputacije, ovisno o dobi i spolu, kako bismo razumjeli individualne varijacije u terapijskom odgovoru. Analizirali smo ishod liječenja bolesnika kako bi se identificirali čimbenici koji utječu na uspješnost terapije. Za postizanje cilja istraživanja korištena je medicinske dokumentacija zapisana u Integracijskom bolničkom informacijskom sustavu (IBIS) skupine bolesnika s dijagnozom dijabetičko stopalo i/ili komplikacije dijabetesa, koji su obrađivani u periodu od 1. 1. do 31. 12. 2022. godine u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka u Zavodu za podvodnu i hiperbaričnu medicinu. Korištene su statističke metode kako bi se potvrdila povezanost između dobi, spola i ishoda terapije. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da hiperbarična oksigenoterapija ima značajan pozitivan utjecaj na poboljšanje stanja pacijenata s dijagnozom dijabetičko stopalo i/ili komplikacije dijabetesa. Rezultati istraživanja su da hiperbarična oksigenoterapija značajno utjecala na poboljšanje stanja bolesnika s dijagnozom dijabetičko stopalo i/ili komplikacije dijabetesa kod oba spola, a da razlika u poboljšanju između muškaraca i žena nije statistički značajna, S obzirom na učestalost pojavljivanja po dobnim skupinama, razlika u poboljšanju nije bila statistički značajna. Rezultati istraživanja naglašavaju važnost potrebe za individualiziranim pristupom i važnost kontinuiranog unaprjeđenja usluga zdravstvene skrbi kako bi se postigli optimalni terapijski rezultati.Diabetic foot and diabetic complications are a serious medical problem in people with diabetes. Complications occur due to reduced circulation and nerve damage, which can lead to wounds, ulcers, infections and, in more severe cases, amputation of the foot or leg. In this paper, the application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an additional method of treatment in addition to the basic, etiological therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot and/or complications of diabetes was investigated in the Rijeka Clinical Hospital Center in the Department of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine in the period from 1.1 to 12.31. in 2022. The aim of the research and clinical study is to analyze the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot and/or diabetic complications in promoting wound healing, improving circulation and reducing the risk of amputation, depending on age and sex, in order to understand individual variations in therapeutic response. We analyzed the outcome of patient treatment in order to identify factors that influence successful therapy. To achieve the goal of the research, the medical documentation recorded in the Integration Hospital Information System (IBIS) of a group of patients with a diagnosis of diabetic foot and/or complications of diabetes, who were processed in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2022, in the Clinical Hospital system. Center Rijeka in the Institute for Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine. Statistical methods were used to confirm the association between age, gender and the outcome of therapy. The results of the research showed that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a significant positive impact on the improvement of the condition of patients diagnosed with diabetes and/or complications of diabetes. The results of the research show that hyperbaric oxygen therapy had a significant effect on the improvement of the condition of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot and/or complications of diabetes in both sexes, and that the difference in improvement between men and women is not statistically significant, considering the frequency of occurrence in eligible groups, the difference in improvement was not statistically significant. The research results emphasize the importance of the need for an individualized approach and the importance of continuous improvement of health care services in order to achieve optimal therapeutic results
The experience of pregnant women depending on the educator in the pregnancy course
No full textUvod: Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija dala je definiciju primaljstva koja slijedi: kvalificirana, obrazovana i suosjećajna skrb za žene koje rađaju, novorođenčad i obitelji u cijelom razdoblju prije trudnoće, tijekom trudnoće, poroda i razdoblja nakon njega. Zdravstvena zaštita trudnica u Hrvatskoj je specifična jer trudničke tečajeve smiju provoditi i primalje i medicinske sestre, a primalje su jedne od profesionalnih zdravstvenih djelatnika kompetentnih provoditi edukaciju u pripremi za roditeljstvo i porođaj te davati savjete o dojenju.
Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je usporediti edukaciju trudnica na trudničkim tečajevima ovisno o edukatorima (primalje i medicinske sestre).
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici u ovom istraživanju bile su žene koje su u trudnoći pohađale trudnički tečaj i rodile, a kojima je na trudničkom tečaju edukator bila medicinska sestra ili primalja
Rezultati i metode: Ukupan broj ispitanica koji je riješio upitnik bio je 188. 106 ispitanica je uključeno u statističku obradu podataka od čega je njih 55 trudnički tečaj pohađalo kod primalje (51,9%) dok je preostala 51 ispitanica trudnički tečaj polagala kod medicinske sestre (48,1%). Tema epiziotomije u preko 85% slučajeva će biti obrađena na trudničkom tečaju gdje je edukator bila primalja dok samo u 56,9% slučajeva kod edukatora medicinske sestre. Također, značajna razlika može se uočiti kod teme čuvanja međice tijekom izgona djeteta), u 65,5% slučajeva navedena tema je obrađena na trudničkom tečaju gdje je edukator bila primalja dok je u samo 31,4% slučajeva obrađena kod edukatora medicinske sestre. Uzimajući u obzir teme o razdoblju nakon porođaja ne možemo zaključiti da postoje statistički značajne razlike u trudničkom tečaju na kojem je edukator bila primalja u odnosu na tečaj gdje je edukator bila medicinska sestra.
Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje o iskustvima trudnica s obzirom na edukatora na trudničkom tečaju pružilo je vrijedne uvide u razliku u zadovoljstvu i percipiranom znanju između žena koje su pohađale tečaj kod primalje i onih koje su tečaj pohađale kod medicinske sestre. Rezultati su pokazali da su žene koje su edukaciju prošle kod primalje zadovoljnije i bolje informirane, posebno o temama vezanim uz porođaj.Introduction: The World Health Organization has provided the following definition of midwifery: qualified, educated, and compassionate care for women giving birth, newborns, and families throughout the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods. Maternal healthcare in Croatia is unique because pregnancy courses can be conducted by both midwives and nurses, although midwives are the only professional healthcare providers competent to deliver education in preparation for parenthood and childbirth, as well as offer advice on breastfeeding.
Research aim: The aim of this study is to compare pregnancy education based on the educators (midwives and nurses).
Subjects and methods: The participants in this study were women who attended a pregnancy course during pregnancy and gave birth, where the educator was either a nurse or a midwife.
Results: A total of 188 participants completed the questionnaire. Data analysis included 106 participants, of which 55 attended the pregnancy course led by a midwife (51.9%), while the remaining 51 attended a course led by a nurse (48.1%). The topic of episiotomy was covered in over 85% of cases where the educator was a midwife, compared to only 56.9% of cases where the educator was a nurse. A significant difference was also observed regarding the topic of perineal protection during childbirth; this topic was covered in 65.5% of cases when the educator was a midwife, compared to only 31.4% of cases when the educator was a nurse. Considering postpartum topics, no statistically significant differences were found between courses where the educator was a midwife and those where the educator was a nurse.
Conclusion: This study on pregnant women's experiences based on the educator in pregnancy courses provided valuable insights into differences in satisfaction and perceived knowledge between women who attended courses led by midwives and those led by nurses. The results showed that women who received education from midwives were more satisfied and better informed, particularly on topics related to childbirth
MENTAL HEALTH OF PATIENTS IN CARDIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL REHABILITATION
No full textUvod: Mentalno zdravlje ima ključnu ulogu u procesu oporavka i rehabilitacije pacijenata nakon kardiovaskularnih bolesti ili operacija. Česte pojave anksioznosti i depresije kod pacijenata mogu negativno utjecati na motivaciju i suradljivost tijekom rehabilitacije, što ima potencijalno negativne posljedice na krajnje rezultate liječenja. Zbog toga je procjena mentalnog zdravlja od suštinske važnosti u kardiološkim i fizikalnim rehabilitacijskim programima. Identifikacija i adekvatno liječenje anksioznosti, depresije i drugih mentalnih poremećaja, uz pružanje potrebne psihološke podrške, ključni su elementi u pomoći pacijentima da prevladaju stres povezan s bolešću i operacijama, te održe visoku motivaciju i posvećenost procesu oporavka.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je procijeniti razinu tjeskobe, stresa i anksioznosti pacijenata na kardiološkoj i fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji, kako bi se na vrijeme moglo reagirati, a sve u svrhu boljeg ishoda liječenja rehabilitacije.
Metode i ispitanici: Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću validiranog upitnika za procjenu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (eng. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale), koja je prevedena na hrvatski jezik. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 101 ispitanik.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da pacijenti na kardiološkoj rehabilitaciji imaju veće rezultate na skali za stres, depresiju i anksioznost u odnosu na pacijente na fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji, na razini značajnosti p<0,05. Također, žene pacijentice imaju statistički značajno lošije mentalno zdravlje od muškaraca pacijenata što potvrđuje t-vrijednost od -1,85397 u ovom istraživanju. Analiza rezultata nije otkrila statistički značajne razlike u rezultatima s obzirom na dob i razinu obrazovanja pacijenata.
Zaključak: Ovi rezultati ističu važnost prepoznavanja emocionalnih potreba i pružanja odgovarajuće podrške pacijentima u rehabilitacijskim programima, s posebnim naglaskom na žene pacijentice i pacijente na kardiološkoj rehabilitaciji.Introduction: Mental health plays a key role in the recovery and rehabilitation process of patients after cardiovascular disease or surgery. The frequent occurrence of anxiety and depression in patients can have a negative impact on motivation and cooperation during rehabilitation, with potentially negative consequences for the final results of treatment. For this reason, mental health assessment is essential in cardiac and physical rehabilitation programs. Recognizing and appropriately treating anxiety, depression and other mental disorders and providing the necessary psychological support are key elements in helping patients overcome the stress associated with illness and surgery and maintain a high level of motivation and commitment to the recovery process.
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the level of anxiety, stress and depression in patients undergoing cardiac and physical rehabilitation, so that timely measures can be taken to improve the results of rehabilitation treatment.
Methods: Data were collected using a validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale questionnaire, which was translated into Croatian. 101 respondents took part in the study.
Results: The results of the study show that patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation have higher scores on the stress, depression and anxiety scale than patients undergoing physical rehabilitation, at a significance level of p<0.05. In addition, female patients have statistically significantly worse mental health than male patients, which is confirmed by the t-value of -1.85397 in this study. Analysis of the results revealed no statistically significant differences in the results regarding the age and educational level of the patients.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate the importance of recognizing emotional needs and providing appropriate support to patients in rehabilitation programs, with special attention to female patients and patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation
USE OF DIGITAL DEVICES BY STUDENTS OF THE 7th AND 8th GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS
No full textUvod: U današnje doba, digitalni uređaji postali su sastavni dio života djece od najranije dobi. Izloženost ekranima predstavlja značajnu promjenu u iskustvu odrastanja djece školske dobi. Utjecaj korištenja ekrana na emocionalni i tjelesni razvoj djece izaziva sve veći interes i zabrinutost. Provedena istraživanja pokazuju negativne posljedice prekomjernog vremena provedenog pred ekranom na akademski uspjeh, društvene vještine te fizičko i mentalno zdravlje.
Cilj: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati odnos količine vremena provedenog ispred digitalnih uređaja, školskog uspjeha, izvanškolskih aktivnosti, centila indeksa tjelesne mase i opće emocionalne uznemirenosti.
Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 101 učenik 7. i 8. razreda riječkih osnovnih škola i Osnovne škole Ivana Rabljanina sa otoka Raba. Uz sociodemografske podatke prikupljeni su podaci o vremenu i navikama korištenja digitalnih uređaja te podaci o školskom uspjehu i tjelesnoj masi. Emocionalna uznemirenost ispitana je YP-core upitnikom.
Rezultati: Prosječno vrijeme koje učenici provedu dnevno pred ekranom je 4,64±1,9 sati Nema značajne razlike između učenika i učenica u ukupnom vremenu provedenom pred ekranima (t=0,386, p=0,700). Nije pronađena značajna povezanost između vremena provedenog na digitalnim uređajima sa školskim uspjehom i tjelesnom masom učenika. Učenici koji nemaju niti jednu izvanškolsku aktivnost provode statistički značajno više vremena na digitalnim uređajima (t=3,331, p=0,042). Viša razina emocionalne uznemirenosti je pozitivno povezana sa duljim s vremenom provedenim na digitalnim uređajima (r=0.251, p=0.011).
Zaključak: Uvođenje digitalnih uređaja u svakodnevni život adolescenata donijelo je mnoge pogodnosti, ali i potencijalne rizike za njihovo kako fizičko tako i emocionalno zdravlje. Kako bi se spriječili negativni utjecaji, edukacija o zdravoj upotrebi digitalnih uređaja je neophodna. Važan dio edukacije je naglašavanje potrebe za ravnotežom između vremena provedenog na digitalnim uređajima i drugih aktivnosti. Poticanje adolescenata na sudjelovanje u različitim aktivnostima koje ne uključuju digitalne uređaje može značajno doprinijeti njihovom cjelokupnom emocionalnom i fizičkom zdravlju.Introduction: In today's age, digital devices have become an integral part of children's lives from an early age. Exposure to screens represents a significant change in the growing up experience of school-aged children. The impact of screen use on children's emotional and physical development is causing increasing interest and concern. Conducted research shows the negative consequences of excessive screen time on academic success, social skills, and physical and mental health.
Objective: The main objective of this research is to examine the relationship between the amount of time spent in front of digital devices, school success, extracurricular activities, body mass index centile and general emotional distress.
Methods: A total of 101 students of the 7th and 8th grades of elementary schools in Rijeka and Ivan Rabljanina Elementary School from the island of Rab participated in the research. In addition to socio-demographic data, data on the time and habits of using digital devices, as well as data on school success and body mass, were collected. Emotional disturbance was examined with the YP-core questionnaire.
Results: The average time students spend daily in front of the screen is 4.64±1.9 hours. There is no significant difference between male and female students in the total time spent in front of screens (t=0.386, p=0.700). No significant correlation was found between the time spent on digital devices with school performance and body mass of students. Students who do not have a single extracurricular activity spend statistically significantly more time on digital devices (t=3.331, p=0.042). A higher level of emotional distress is positively related to a longer time spent on digital devices (r=0.251, p=0.011).
Conclusion: The introduction of digital devices into the daily life of adolescents has brought many benefits, but also potential risks for their physical and emotional health. In order to prevent negative impacts, education on the healthy use of digital devices is essential. An important part of education is emphasizing the need for balance between time spent on digital devices and other activities. Encouraging adolescents to participate in a variety of activities that do not involve digital devices can significantly contribute to their overall emotional and physical health
Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Thalassotherapija Opatija
No full textUVOD: Akutni infarkt miokarda najčešći je akutni oblik kardiovaskularnih bolesti koji na globalnoj razini zahvaća 3 milijuna ljudi, a javlja se uslijed smanjenog ili zaustavljenog protoka krvi u dio srčanog mišića. Stopa smrtnosti uslijed infarkta miokarda značajno se smanjuje zbog uspješnosti perkutane koronarne intervencije u otklanjaju blokade koronarne arterije, no bolnička smrtnost se i dalje kreće od 4 do 12%.
CILJ: Procijeniti incidenciju akutnog infarkta miokarda u Thalassotherapiji Opatija u vremenskom periodu od 01.01.2017. do 01.01.2023. godine, te usporediti istu obzirom na spol, dob i uspješnost liječenja.
METODE: U istraživanje su uključeni ispitanici koji su u navedenom vremenskom razdoblju zaprimljeni u angio-salu Thalassotherapije Opatija uslijed akutnog infarkta miokarda. Podaci potrebni za istraživanje prikupljani su retrogradno pomoću medicinske dokumentacije i bolničkog informatičkog sustava, a statistička obrada podataka provedena je u programu Statistica. Testiranje hipoteza provedeno je neparametrijskim Mann-Whitney U testom i Fisher egzaktnim testom na razini statističke značajnosti od p <0,05 (5%).
REZULTATI: U vremenskom periodu od 01.01.2017. do 01.01.2023. godine u angio-sali Thalassotherapije Opatija zaprimljno je 5 300 ispitanika, od čega 0,70% (n=37) uslijed akutnog infarkta miokarda. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika zaprimljenih s dijagnozom akutnog infarkta miokarda, ispitanici muškog spola činili su 80,08% , a ispitanici ženskog spola samo 18,92%. ispitanici su u prosjeku imali 68,08 godina, a uslijed akutnog infarkta miokarda u angio-salu zaprimljeno je 78,38% ispitanika starijih od 60 godina te 21,62% ispitanika mlađih od 60 godina. Do uspješnog otklanjanja okluzije krvne žile tijekom PCI došlo je kod 94,6% ispitanika, dok je do smrtnog ishoda kod ispitanika s akutnim infarktom miokarda došlo kod 5,4% (n=2) ispitanika.
ZAKLJUČAK: Perkutana koronarna intervencija iznimno je uspješna metoda liječenja akutnog infarkta miokarda.ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Acute myocardial infarction is the most common acute form of cardiovascular disease that affects 3 million people globally and occurs due to reduced or stopped blood flow to part of the heart muscle. The mortality rate due to myocardial infarction is significantly reduced due to the success of percutaneous coronary intervention in the removal of coronary artery blockage, but hospital mortality still ranges from 4 to 12%.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Thalassotherapy Opatija in the period from January 1, 2017. until 01.01.2023. years, and compare the same with respect to gender, age and treatment success.
METHODS: The study included subjects who were admitted to the coronary unit of Thalassotherapy in Opatija due to acute myocardial infarction during the specified period. The data required for the research were collected retrogradely using medical documentation and the hospital's IT system, and the statistical processing of the data was carried out in the Statistica program. Hypothesis testing was performed with the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test at the level of statistical significance of p <0.05 (5%).
RESULTS: In the period from 01.01.2017. until 01.01.2023. 5,300 subjects were treated in the angio-room of Thalassotherapy in Opatija, of which 0.70% (n=37) were due to acute myocardial infarction. Of the total number of subjects admitted with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, male subjects made up 80.08%, and female subjects only 18.92%. The average age of subjects was 68.08 years, and due to acute myocardial infarction, 78.38% of subjects over 60 years of age and 21.62% of subjects under 60 years of age were admitted to the angio room. Successful elimination of blood vessel occlusion during PCI occurred in 94.6% of subjects, while death in subjects with acute myocardial infarction occurred in 5.4% (n=2) of subjects.
CONCLUSION: Percutaneous coronary intervention is an extremely successful method of treating acute myocardial infarction
Knowledge and attitudes of nurses about chemotherapy and chemotherapy side effects
No full textPacijenata koji u suvremenom svijetu obolijevaju od raka sve je više. S obzirom da je kemoterapija
jedna od metoda liječenja takvog oblika bolesti te uključuje korištenje kemijskih tvari za
uništavanje kancerogenih stanica ne čudi njezina vrlo česta primjena u liječenju oboljelih.
Medicinske sestre i tehničari educirani su za provođenje protokola prema kojemu se provodi
liječenje kemoterapijom, ali su u tom procesu također izložene značajnim zdravstvenim rizicima.
Ciljevi ovog rada uključuju: analizu znanja medicinskih sestara o kemoterapiji i nuspojavama
kemoterapije, ispitivanje znanja medicinskih sestara i tehničara o kemoterapiji s obzirom na duljinu radnog staža te analizu mišljenja medicinskih sestara o izloženosti toksičnim tvarima i zaštiti zdravlja medicinskih sestara koje pripremaju kemoterapiju. Medicinske sestre i tehničari su
pokazali su jednako znanje o kemoterapiji u nuspojavama kemoterapije neovisno o duljini radnog staža, više od 70% medicinskih sestara i tehničara pokazuje dobro znanje o kemoterapiji i njezinim nuspojavama te imaju prosječan stav o kemoterapiji viši od 4.Every day there are more patients suffering from cancer in the modern world. Given that
chemotherapy is one of the methods of treating such a form of the disease and includes the use of
chemical substances to destroy cancerous cells, it is not surprising that it is often used in the
treatment of patients. Nurses and technicians are trained to carry out the protocol according to
which the chemotherapy treatment is carried out, but in the process, they are also exposed to
significant health risks. The objectives of this paper include: analysis of knowledge of nurses about
chemotherapy and side effects of chemotherapy, examination of knowledge of nurses and
Technicians about chemotherapy with regard to length of service, and analysis of nurses' opinions
about exposure to toxic substances and health protection of nurses who prepare chemotherapy.
Nurses and technicians showed equal knowledge about chemotherapy in side effects of
chemotherapy regardless of length of service, more than 70% of nurses and technicians show good knowledge about chemotherapy and its side effects and have an average attitude about
chemotherapy higher than 4
Knowledge of midwives about dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER)
No full textUvod: Disforični refleks otpuštanja mlijeka (D-MER) je stanje praćeno naglom pojavom disforičnih osjećaja neposredno prije otpuštanja mlijeka iz dojke. Mnogi zdravstveni djelatnici će ovaj fenomen zamijeniti sa postporođajnom depresijom i stoga je važna edukacija zdravstvenih djelatnika i žena o ovom fenomenu.
Cilj istraživanja: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi znanje primalja o D-MER-u. Ostali ciljevi su utvrditi razinu znanja ovisno o stupnju obrazovanja, godinama radnog staža i pohađanju edukacije za dojenje unazad dvije godine, te utvrditi najčešći izvor informiranja o D-MER-u.
Ispitanici i metode: U online istraživanju sudjelovalo je 77 primalja od čega njih 28 (36,36%) sa srednjom stručnom spremom, a 49 (63,64%) s višom stručnom spremom. Upitnik je sadržavao 17 pitanja od čega se tri odnosilo na opisivanje uzorka, ostalih 10 za ispitivanje znanja o D-MER-u. Maksimalan broj bodova na testu znanja je iznosio 10 bodova.
Rezultati: Prosječno znanje primalja o D-MER-u iznosi M = 6,66 (SD = 1,501). Primalje s višom stručnom spremom imaju statistički značajno više znanja u odnosu na primalje sa srednjom stručnom spremom (U = 497,500 , p = 0,047). Razina znanja o D-MER-u statistički je značajno pozitivno povezana s godinama radnog staža (ρ = 0,34, p = 0,002). Statistički značajna razlika nije pronađena u znanju primalja koje su pohađale edukaciju o dojenju unazad dvije godine i koje je nisu pohađale (U = 587,500, p = 0,256). Najčešći izvor informiranja o D-MER-u je formalno obrazovanje.
Zaključak: Rezultati su pokazali kako primalje općenito nemaju dovoljno znanja o D-MER-u. Magistre primaljstva i one s više radnog staža imaju i više znanja nego primalje sa srednjom stručnom spremom i one s manje radnog staža. Ovo je prvo ovakvo istraživanje u Republici Hrvatskoj te rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pridonijeti boljoj edukaciji i žena i primalja o D-MER-u kao poteškoći koja se javlja pri dojenju.Introduction: Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (D-MER) is a condition characterized by a sudden onset of dysphoric feelings immediately before milk ejection from the breast. Many healthcare professionals may confuse this phenomenon with postpartum depression, highlighting the importance of educating both healthcare providers and women about this condition.
Objective: The main aim of this research was to assess midwives' knowledge about D-MER. Other objectives included determining the level of knowledge based on educational qualifications, years of work experience, and attendance at breastfeeding education in the past two years, as well as identifying the most common source of information about D-MER.
Participants and Methods: The online survey included 77 midwives, of whom 28 (36.36%) had secondary education, and 49 (63.64%) had higher education. The questionnaire contained 17 questions, three of which were related to describing the sample, and the remaining 10 assessed knowledge about D-MER. The maximum score on the knowledge test was 10 points.
Results: The average knowledge level about D-MER among midwives was M = 6.66 (SD = 1.501). Midwives with higher education had statistically significantly greater knowledge compared to those with secondary education (U = 497.500, p = 0.047). Knowledge about D-MER was statistically significantly positively correlated with years of work experience (ρ = 0.34, p = 0.002). No statistically significant difference was found in the knowledge of midwives who attended breastfeeding education in the past two years compared to those who did not (U = 587.500, p = 0.256). The most common source of information about D-MER was formal education.
Conclusion: The results indicated that midwives generally have insufficient knowledge about D-MER. Midwives with higher education and more years of experience have more knowledge than those with secondary education and less experience. This is the first study of its kind in the Republic of Croatia, and its findings may contribute to improved education for both women and midwives about D-MER as a breastfeeding issue
KNOWLEDGE OF UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS AT THE FACULTY OF HEALTH STUDIES IN RIJEKA ABOUT THE TRANSMISSION OF HIV – INFECTIONS
No full textUvod: HIV je virus koji napada imunološki sustav, posebno CD4+ T limfocite, ključne stanice imunološkog sustava. Lijek za HIV ne postoji i zato se ta infekcija smatra kroničnom bolešću zbog učinkovitosti antiretrovirusne terapije. Ukoliko se infekcija HIV – om ne liječi dolazi do sindroma stečene imunodeficijencije (AIDS). HIV se može prenesti putem seksualnog kontakta, tijekom trudnoće i porođaja te putem medicinske opreme za višekratnu upotrebu ili opreme za konzumiranje droga.
Metodologija: istraživanju je pristupilo 100 studenata prijediplomskog studija sestrinstva prve i treće godine. Sudjelovali su studenti različitih spolova, statusa studiranja (redovni i izvanredni), različite dobi i godine studiranja. Upitnik je napravljen u Google formsu te se sastoji od 29 pitanja od kojih je 7 sociodemografskih, a 22 o prijenosu HIV infekcije.
Rezultati: rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su hipoteze 1 i 2 prihvaćene jer nije bilo značajne razlike u rezultatima. Hipoteza 3 je odbačena jer statistički ne vidimo razliku u znanju o prijenosu HIV infekcije između 3. godine redovnih i 3. godine izvanrednih studenata prijediplomskog studija sestrinstva na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci.
Raprava: glavni zadatak ovog istraživanja je ispitivanje znanja studenata prijediplomskog studija Sestrinstva Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci o prijenosu HIV – infekcije. Temu završnog rada i istraživanje izabrali smo iz razloga, jer nije svakodnevno prisutna u razgovorima, i izbjegava se pričati o tome, te je važno ukazati na značaj prijenosa HIV infekcije. Istraživanje je provedeno na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Rijeci u travnju 2024. godine.Introduction: HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4+ T lymphocytes, the key cells of the immune system. No medicine has been developed so far for HIV and that is why this infection is considered a chronic disease due to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. If the HIV infection is not treated, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, during pregnancy and childbirth, and through reusable medical equipment or drug use equipment.
Methodology: the study was carried out at the Faculty of Health Studies of the University of Rijeka during April 2024. 100 first- and third-year nursing undergraduate students participated in the research. Students of both genders, study status (full-time and part-time), different ages and years of study participated. The questionnaire was created in a Google form and consists of 29 questions, 7 of which are sociodemographic and 22 about the transmission of HIV infection.
The results: the research results showed that hypotheses 1 and 2 were accepted because there were no significant differences in the results. Hypothesis 3 was rejected because there is no statistically significant difference in knowledge about the transmission of HIV infection between 3rd year regular and 3rd year part-time undergraduate nursing students at the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka.
Discussion: this research aims to assess the level of knowledge among undergraduate nursing students at the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka about the transmission of HIV infection. We chose the topic of the final paper and research for the reason that it is not present in everyday conversations, and it is avoided to talk about it, and it is important to point out the importance of the transmission of HIV infection. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Health Studies of the University of Rijeka in April 2024
The knowledge of firefighters from Krapina - zagorje country regarding the provision of first aid
No full textVatrogasci, bilo dobrovoljni ili profesionalni, imaju ključnu ulogu u zaštiti ljudi, imovine i životinja, a njihova intervencija često uključuje pružanje prve pomoći na mjestu nesreće. Iako dodatno osposobljavanje za bolničara nije obavezno, ono omogućuje vatrogascima da steknu osnovna znanja iz prve pomoći kroz teorijski i praktični dio. Posjedovanje tih vještina posebno je važno jer vatrogasci često prvi dolaze na mjesto nesreće i moraju brzo reagirati kako bi osigurali što bolje ishode za ozlijeđene osobe. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu znanja vatrogasaca iz Krapinsko-zagorske županije o pružanju prve pomoći, s posebnim naglaskom na specijalizaciju za bolničare te utvrditi kako proteklo vrijeme od završetka edukacije utječe na razinu znanja o pružanju prve pomoći te identificirati faktore koji doprinose održavanju ili gubitku tih vještina. Istraživanje je provedeno pomoću kvantitativne analize podataka prikupljenih putem upitnika i testova znanja. U istraživanju su sudjelovali vatrogasci s različitim razinama edukacije iz prve pomoći, uključujući one sa specijalizacijom za bolničare.
Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajnu negativnu korelaciju između proteklog vremena od završetka edukacije i razine znanja o pružanju prve pomoći. To ukazuje na postupno opadanje znanja kako vrijeme prolazi od edukacije. Također, istaknuta je važnost kontinuirane edukacije i periodičnog osposobljavanja vatrogasaca kako bi se osigurala njihova stalna spremnost za pružanje prve pomoći. Zaključci istraživanja naglašavaju potrebu za redovitim obnavljanjem tečajeva prve pomoći kako bi se održala visoka razina znanja i pripravnosti vatrogasaca. Predložene su preporuke za unapređenje programa edukacije i uvođenje redovitih obnavljajućih tečajeva.Firefighters, whether volunteer or professional, play a crucial role in protecting people, property, and animals, and their interventions often involve providing first aid at the scene of an incident. While additional training for medical first responders (paramedic) is not mandatory, it equips firefighters with essential first aid knowledge through both theoretical and practical components. These skills are particularly important because firefighters are often the first to arrive at the scene of an accident, where rapid and accurate first aid can significantly improve outcomes for the injured. The aim of this study was to assess the level of first aid knowledge among firefighters in the Krapina - Zagorje Country, with a particular focus on the paramedic specialization. Additionally, the study aimed to determine how the elapsed time since the completion of training affects the retention of first aid knowledge, and to identify factors that contribute to the maintenance or decline of these skills. The research was conducted using a quantitative analysis of data collected through surveys and knowledge tests. The study participants included firefighters with varying levels of first aid training, including those specialized as paramedics.
The study results revealed a significant negative correlation between the time elapsed since training completion and the level of first aid knowledge. This indicates a gradual decline in knowledge over time. The findings also underscored the importance of continuous education and periodic training to ensure firefighters remain prepared to provide first aid effectively. The study's conclusions highlight the necessity of regular first aid course renewals to maintain a high level of knowledge and readiness among firefighters. Recommendations were made to enhance educational programs and to implement regular refresher courses
MORTALITY FROM SEPSIS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT : research
No full textUvod: Sepsa predstavlja ozbiljno stanje koje nastaje kao odgovor tijela na infekciju i može dovesti do životno ugrožavajućih komplikacija. Kada se sepsa prati s cirkulatornim, staničnim i metaboličkim disfunkcijama, prelazi u septički šok, što dodatno povećava rizik od smrtnog ishod. Ova stanja često rezultiraju visokom stopom smrtnosti i predstavljaju ozbiljan globalni zdravstveni problem, osobito među hospitaliziranim pacijentima.
Cilj: Procijeniti stopu smrtnosti od sepse na Zavodu za intenzivnu medicinu u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka, s posebnim fokusom na razlike prema spolu i dobi.
Materijali i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno retrospektivnim pregledom medicinske dokumentacije pacijenata s dijagnozom sepse koji su bili hospitalizirani u KBC Rijeka u 2023. godini. U istraživanje je uključeno 141 pacijent, a podaci su analizirani uz pomoć deskriptivne statistike, uključujući aritmetičku sredinu i standardnu devijaciju. Hipoteze su testirane korištenjem Hi kvadrat testa i Binomnog testa.
Rezultati: Smrtnost od sepse na odjelima intenzivnog liječenja iznosila je 71,63%. Hipoteza o višoj smrtnosti kod starijih pacijenata (preko 65 godina) potvrđena je, dok razlike u smrtnosti između spolova nisu bile statistički značajne. Najčešće dijagnoze su bile sepsa nespecificirana i druge varijante sepse, dok su najčešći uzroci prijema bili bol u trbuhu i nepravilnosti disanja.
Zaključak: Sepsa predstavlja ozbiljan javnozdravstveni problem s visokom smrtnosti, osobito među starijim pacijentima. Istraživanje u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Rijeka potvrđuje visoku stopu smrtnosti od sepse i ističe važnost uloge medicinskih sestara u ranom prepoznavanju i liječenju sepse. Rezultati istraživanja naglašavaju potrebu za poboljšanjem pristupa liječenju sepse i pružanjem odgovarajuće podrške medicinskom osoblju.Introduction: Sepsis represents a serious condition that arises as the body's response to infection and can lead to life-threatening complications. When sepsis is accompanied by circulatory, cellular, and metabolic dysfunctions, it progresses to septic shock, which further increases the risk of mortality. These conditions often result in high mortality rates and present a significant global health issue, especially among hospitalized patients.
Objective: To assess the mortality rate from sepsis at the Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, with a specific focus on differences based on sex and age.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted through a retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with sepsis who were hospitalized at KBC Rijeka in 2023. A total of 141 patients were included in the study, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation. Hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square test and Binomial test.
Results: The mortality rate from sepsis in the intensive care units was 71.63%. The hypothesis of higher mortality in older patients (over 65 years) was confirmed, while differences in mortality between sexes were not statistically significant. The most common diagnoses were unspecified sepsis and other sepsis variants, while the most frequent causes of admission were abdominal pain and respiratory irregularities.
Conclusion: Sepsis represents a serious public health issue with high mortality, especially among older patients. The study at the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka confirms the high mortality rate from sepsis and underscores the critical role of nursing staff in the early detection and treatment of sepsis. The results highlight the need for improved approaches to sepsis treatment and providing adequate support to medical staff