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VERIFICATION OF THE ACCURACY OF NUTRITIONAL DECLARATIONS ON FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS ENRICHED WITH OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
No full textNutritivne deklaracije pružaju potrošačima ključne informacije o hranjivom sastavu prehrambenih proizvoda, no brojna istraživanja ukazuju na njihovu moguću nepouzdanost. Funkcionalna hrana i dodaci prehrani obogaćeni omega-3 masnim kiselinama predstavljaju sve značajniji segment tržišta, posebno u kontekstu prevencije bolesti i očuvanja zdravlja. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio analitički ispitati točnost deklariranih nutritivnih vrijednosti ovih proizvoda dostupnih na hrvatskom tržištu.
U istraživanje je bilo uključeno dvadeset uzoraka funkcionalne hrane i dodataka prehrani koji sadrže omega-3 masne kiseline. Uzorci su prikupljeni metodom slučajnog odabira iz maloprodajnih objekata te su analizirani u akreditiranom laboratoriju korištenjem međunarodno priznatih analitičkih metoda. Izmjerene vrijednosti za masti, omega-3 masne kiseline, ugljikohidrate, šećere, bjelančevine, sol i energetsku vrijednost uspoređene su s deklariranim vrijednostima na proizvodima.
Analiza je pokazala da kod većine ispitanih proizvoda postoji odstupanje između deklariranih i izmjerenih nutritivnih vrijednosti. Najčešća odstupanja zabilježena su kod sadržaja masti, zasićenih masnih kiselina te omega-3 masnih kiselina.
Rezultati upućuju na potrebu za većom preciznošću i kontrolom nutritivnih deklaracija, osobito kod funkcionalne hrane i dodataka prehrani. Točne informacije na deklaracijama važne su za informirano donošenje prehrambenih odluka, osobito kod osjetljivih skupina potrošača i u kontekstu javnog zdravstva.Nutrition labels provide consumers with essential information about the nutritional composition of food products. However, numerous studies have indicated their potential inaccuracy. Functional foods and dietary supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids represent a growing segment of the market, particularly in the context of disease prevention and health promotion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analytically assess the accuracy of declared nutritional values on such products available on the Croatian market.
The study included twenty samples of functional foods and dietary supplements containing omega-3 fatty acids. Samples were randomly selected from retail outlets and analyzed in an accredited laboratory using internationally recognized analytical methods. The measured values for fats, omega-3 fatty acids, carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, salt, and energy content were compared with the declared values on product labels.
The analysis revealed that most of the tested products showed discrepancies between the declared and measured nutritional values. The most frequent differences were observed in fat content, saturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids.
These results highlight the need for greater accuracy and regulatory control of nutritional labeling, especially in the category of functional foods and dietary supplements. Accurate labeling is essential for making informed dietary choices, particularly among sensitive consumer groups and in the context of public health
INFLUENCE OF THE ENDURANCE OF THE SCAPULAR MUSCLES ON THE POSTURE AND HAND GRIP: research
No full textUvod: Lopatica ima ključnu ulogu u koordinaciji i održavanju složenih kinematika ramena. Glavni stabilizatori lopatice su m. serratus anterior, mm. rhomboideii, m. levator scapulae i m. trapezius. Postura je položaj koji tijelo zauzima, tokom mirovanja ili kretanja, te ga održavaju mišići, ligamenti, tetive i zglobovi kako bi održali stabilan i optimalan položaj. Kako bi se održavala postura potrebna je mišićna izdržljivost. Mišićna izdržljivost je sposobnost mišića da rade bez zamora, odnosno sposobnost mišića ili grupe mišića da savlada određeni otpor tijekom duljeg vremenskog perioda. Mišićna izdržljivost se odražava i na stisak šake zbog proksimalnog mišićnog sinergizma tako što kod veće stabilnosti i mišićne izdržljivosti lopatice dolazi do jačeg stiska šake.
Cilj istraživanja: Ispitati odnos između mišićne izdržljivosti lopatičnih mišića, posture i snage stiska šake te utvrditi postoje li razlike u tim parametrima s obzirom na treniranost ispitanika (sportaši/sportašice naspram nesportaša/nesportašica).
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 32 ispitanika (16 sportaša/sportašica i 16 nesportaša/nesportašica). Izdržljivost skapularnih mišića mjerena je pomoću SET i PSET testa za lijevu i desnu stranu, posturalni status procijenjen je kroz 20 parametara koji su sabrani u ukupni „postura score“, a snaga stiska šake mjerena je dinamometrom za obje ruke. Statistička obrada podataka uključivala je Studentov t-test za nezavisne uzorke i Pearsonov koeficijent korelacije (r). Program korišten za statističku obradu podataka bio je Statistica 14.0.0.15 (TIBCO Software Inc.).
Rezultati: Istraživanjem nije potvrđena statistički značajna razlika u posturi (p = 0,8769) ni u snazi stiska šake (p = 0,601) između sportaša/sportašica i nesportaša/nesportašica. Međutim, statistički značajna razlika utvrđena je u mišićnoj izdržljivosti skapularnih mišića, gdje su sportaši imali bolje rezultate u odnosu na nesportaše (p = 0,006). Korelacijska analiza pokazala je slabu, ali pozitivnu povezanost između mišićne izdržljivosti i snage stiska šake (r = 0,17), te vrlo slabu pozitivnu povezanost s posturalnim statusom (r = 0,024), iako nijedna nije bila statistički značajna (p > 0,05).
Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na to da sportaši imaju veću mišićnu izdržljivost skapularnih mišića u usporedbi s nesportašima, dok razlike u posturalnom statusu i snazi stiska šake nisu bile značajne. Slaba povezanost između posturalnih pokazatelja, stiska šake i izdržljivosti upućuje na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjima s većim uzorkom, uzimajući u obzir i druge faktore poput vrste sporta, intenziteta treninga i svakodnevnih navika.Introduction: The scapula plays a key role in the coordination and maintenance of complex shoulder kinematics. The main stabilizers of the scapula are the serratus anterior, rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae, and trapezius. Posture refers to the position the body adopts during rest or movement and is maintained by muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints to ensure stability and an optimal alignment. Muscle endurance is required to maintain posture. It is defined as the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform without fatigue, or to resist a given load over an extended period of time. Muscle endurance also reflects on handgrip strength due to proximal muscular synergy—greater scapular stability and endurance may result in stronger handgrip force.
Aim of the study: To examine the relationship between scapular muscle endurance, posture, and handgrip strength, and to determine whether there are differences in these parameters depending on participants' training status (athletes vs. non-athletes).
Participants and Methods: The study included 32 participants (16 athletes and 16 non-athletes). Scapular muscle endurance was measured using the SET and PSET tests for both left and right sides. Postural status was assessed using 20 parameters, which were compiled into a total “posture score.” Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer for both hands. Statistical analysis included the independent samples Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The software used for statistical processing was Statistica 14.0.0.15 (TIBCO Software Inc.).
Results: The study did not find a statistically significant difference in posture (p = 0.8769) or handgrip strength (p = 0.601) between athletes and non-athletes. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in scapular muscle endurance, where athletes achieved better results compared to non-athletes (p = 0.006). Correlation analysis showed a weak but positive relationship between muscle endurance and handgrip strength (r = 0.17), and a very weak positive relationship with postural status (r = 0.024), although neither correlation was statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that athletes have greater scapular muscle endurance compared to non-athletes, while differences in postural status and handgrip strength were not significant. The weak associations between posture, grip strength, and endurance highlight the need for further research with larger samples, considering other factors such as type of sport, training intensity, and daily habits
USPJEŠNOST VAGINALNIH PORODA NAKON IN VITRO OPLODNJE U VREMENSKOM RAZDOBLJU OD 2019. DO 2024. GODINE U OB GOSPIĆU: rad s istraživanjem
No full textUVOD: Zahvaljujući napretku medicinski potpomognute oplodnje (MPO), sve veći broj parova koji se suočavaju s neplodnošću uspijeva ostvariti trudnoću. Međutim, trudnoće ostvarene postupkom in vitro oplodnje (IVF) često se percipiraju kao rizičnije, što utječe i na odluke o načinu dovršenja poroda. U kliničkoj praksi sve je češće pitanje postoji li opravdana potreba za češćim izvođenjem carskog reza kod IVF trudnoća u odnosu na one nastale prirodnim začećem.
CILJ: Glavni ciljevi istraživanja bili su: 1) utvrditi učestalost vaginalnog poroda kod trudnica koje su zatrudnjele IVF postupkom, 2) ispitati najčešće medicinske indikacije za planirani carski rez u toj populaciji, te 3) analizirati utjecaj dobi i redoslijeda poroda na način dovršenja IVF trudnoće.
METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno retrospektivnom analizom medicinske dokumentacije u Općoj bolnici Gospić za razdoblje 2019.–2024. godine. Uključeno je 20 trudnica koje su zatrudnjele IVF-om. Analizirani su opstetrički čimbenici, način poroda te medicinske indikacije za planirani carski rez. Podaci su obrađeni statistički pomoću programa SPSS.
REZULTATI: Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je 30 % trudnoća nakon IVF-a dovršeno vaginalnim porodom, dok je 70 % završeno carskim rezom. Najčešće indikacije za planirani carski rez bile su starija dob trudnica (iznad 35 godina), prva trudnoća te perinatalni rizici poput fetalne makrosomije, rane gestacijske dobi i zadka. Vaginalni porodi zabilježeni su isključivo kod mlađih trudnica s povoljnim opstetričkim profilom. Uočen je i blagi porast broja vaginalnih poroda u 2024. godini. Sve tri hipoteze potvrđene su statističkom analizom.
ZAKLJUČAK: Trudnice koje su zatrudnjele IVF postupkom značajno češće rađaju carskim rezom, osobito ako su starije dobi i prvorotkinje. Takva praksa rezultat je opreza i medicinskih indikacija koje se često povezuju s IVF trudnoćama. Unatoč tome, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da vaginalni porod kod IVF trudnoća može biti sigurna opcija za odabrane pacijentice, uz individualiziran pristup i pažljivu procjenu rizika
CRITICAL THINKING AMONG STUDENTS AND GENERAL POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati percepciju kritičkog mišljenja u studentskoj i općoj
populaciji u Hrvatskoj te utjecaj demografskih čimbenika. Anketnim istraživanjem na 280
ispitanika, korištenjem Upitnika kritičkog mišljenja (CThQ) i neparametrijskom statističkom
analizom, utvrđena je općenito pozitivna percepcija te vještine (Me=4,02). Rezultati su
pokazali statistički značajne razlike s obzirom na dob i trenutni studentski status, pri čemu su
ispitanici u dobi od 45 do 54 godine te oni na diplomskim i poslijediplomskim studijima
iskazali više razine kritičkog mišljenja. Nisu pronađene značajne razlike prema spolu ili
završenom stupnju obrazovanja. Zaključno, istraživanje potvrđuje da se kritičko mišljenje
visoko vrednuje, a dob i obrazovni angažman su ključni faktori, što ukazuje na potrebu za
razvojem prilagođenih strategija za njegovo poticanje.The aim of this study was to examine the perception of critical thinking among students and
the general population in Croatia and the influence of demographic factors. A survey of 280
respondents, using the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CThQ) and non-parametric statistical
analysis, revealed a generally positive perception of this skill (Me = 4.02). The results showed
statistically significant differences with respect to age and current student status, with
respondents aged 45 to 54 and those in graduate and postgraduate studies showing higher
levels of critical thinking. No significant differences were found by gender or level of
education. In conclusion, the study confirms that critical thinking is highly valued, and age
and educational engagement are key factors, indicating the need to develop tailored strategies
for its promotion
Attitudes of Healthcare Workers Regarding National Breast Cancer Screening in Croatia
No full textIntroduction: National preventive screening program, such as
mammography for women aged 50–69 years, are essential for detecting
malignancies at the earliest stage and improving cure rates. Healthcare
workers are the most effective promoters of public health prevention
programmes. This study examines the response of healthcare workers in
Croatia to the program they help promote.
Materials and Methods: The study involved 102 female healthcare workers
aged 50–72 years in Istria County (Croatia). This study was conducted
using a 13-question questionnaire created using Google Form. The data were
processed using Microsoft Excel and Statistics 14.0.0.15, adhering to ethical
principles and maintaining respondent privacy.
Results: The study showed a response rate of 92% among healthcare
workers who had received an invitation to undergo mammography screening.
The response rate was significantly higher than the average response rate of
60% among the general population of women in Croatia. The main reasons
for non-response were practical reasons such as acute illness, lack of information,
and working hours. Long-term health education and promotion,
better information and advertising, and more flexible working hours have
been suggested to increase response rates.
Conclusion: Healthcare workers showed higher participation in mammography
screening than the general population, reflecting a strong awareness
of prevention. Removing practical barriers and improving information could
enhance healthcare workers’ motivation to promot
COMPARISON OF UPPER AND LOWER LIMB INJURIES IN AMATEUR FOOTBALL AND HANDBALL PLAYERS
No full textUvod: Nogomet i rukomet su jedni od najpopularnijih sportova današnjice. Velika populacija ljudi se njima bavi profesionalno, a i amaterski. Dinamika, kontaktna igra, atraktivnost postizanja zgoditaka su neki aspekti koji privlače velik broj ljudi, a kasnije i djece, koja od malih nogu kreću u sportske vode. Danas se tempo igre promijenio, sve se ubrzalo, od igrača se zahtjeva više, jače i bolje, što u konačnici dovodi do lakšeg ozljeđivanja. Neki od razloga su: kontaktna igra, neadekvatne prevencije, a naposljetku i pretreniranosti igrača.
Cilj: Ovaj rad dublje istražuje zastupljenost ozljeda kod amaterskih nogometaša i rukometaša, ulogu fizioterapeuta i značaj prevencije ozljeda. Kroz analizu učestalosti ozljeda gornjih i donjih ekstremiteta te utjecaja odmora između treninga na ozljede mišićno-koštanog sustava, istraživanje naglašava potrebu za prilagođenim strategijama prevencije ozljeda za ova dva sporta. Ističe se važnost individualiziranih programa prevencije ozljeda, prilagođenih specifičnim potrebama svakog sportaša. Naglasak je stavljen i na ključnu ulogu fizioterapeuta u implementaciji tih strategija te podršci zdravlju i sportskim performansama sportaša.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 72 muška ispitanika iz nogometnih i rukometnih klubova, amatera i profesionalaca, koji su aktivno sudjelovali u treninzima i natjecanjima. Podaci su prikupljeni putem online upitnika podijeljenog u tri dijela: sociodemografska pitanja, pitanja o ozljedama i treningu, te o prisutnosti medicinskog osoblja u klubovima.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 72 ispitanika iz nogometa i rukometa, s prosječnom godinama od 25,2 godine. Većina ispitanika (73,6 %) bavila se sportom amaterski, a 20,8 % profesionalno. Najčešće su se bavili rukometom (63,9 %) i nogometom (36,1 %). Prevalencija ozljeda bila je visoka, pri čemu su najčešće bile ozljede donjih ekstremiteta (63,9 %). Najčešći tretman ozljeda bio je fizioterapija (56,9 %), dok 16,7 % nije tražilo nikakvu pomoć. Statistički značajna razlika u incidenciji ozljeda između amaterskih i profesionalnih sportaša nije utvrđena, a dulji odmori nisu značajno smanjivali incidenciju ozljeda. Također, postoji velika potreba za fizioterapeutima u nižim ligama, što je podržano od strane 90,3 % ispitanika.
Zaključak: Istraživanje naglašava važnost individualiziranih programa treninga koji balansiraju intenzitet, učestalost i specifičnost kako bi se optimizirala fizička spremnost sportaša. Umjereni i ciljani treninzi donose bolje rezultate od pretjeranog ili nedovoljno intenzivnog pristupa. Oporavak igra ključnu ulogu, pri čemu fizioterapeuti podržavaju prevenciju ozljeda, rehabilitaciju i optimizaciju performansi. Integracija fizioterapije u trening pomaže u prevenciji ozljeda, ispravljanju disbalansa te povećanju snage i fleksibilnosti. Holistički pristup, koji uključuje pravilnu prehranu, odmor i prevenciju ozljeda, ključan je za dugoročne sportske performanse. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi se fokusirati na personalizirane protokole koji maksimiziraju potencijal sportaša uz smanjenje rizika od ozljeda.Introduction: Football and handball are among the most popular sports today. A large population of people participates in these sports both professionally and at an amateur level. The dynamics, contact play, and the excitement of scoring are some of the aspects that attract a large number of people, including children, who start engaging in sports from a young age. Nowadays, the pace of the game has changed; everything has accelerated, and players are expected to perform more, stronger, and better, which ultimately leads to a higher risk of injury. Some reasons for this include contact play, inadequate prevention, and ultimately, overtraining of players.
Aim: This paper delves deeper into the prevalence of injuries among amateur football and handball players, the role of physiotherapists, and the importance of injury prevention. Through an analysis of the frequency of upper and lower limb injuries and the impact of rest between training sessions on musculoskeletal injuries, the research highlights the need for tailored injury prevention strategies for these two sports. The importance of individualized injury prevention programs, tailored to the specific needs of each athlete, is emphasized. The key role of physiotherapists in implementing these strategies and supporting the health and performance of athletes is also highlighted.
Participants and Methods: The study involved 72 male participants from football and handball clubs, both amateurs and professionals, who actively participated in training and competitions. Data was collected through an online questionnaire divided into three sections: sociodemographic questions, questions about injuries and training, and the presence of medical staff in the clubs.
Results: The study included 72 participants from football and handball, with an average age of 25.2 years. The majority of participants (73.6%) engaged in sports at an amateur level, while 20.8% were professional athletes. Most participants were involved in handball (63.9%) and football (36.1%). The prevalence of injuries was high, with lower extremity injuries being the most common (63.9%). The most common injury treatment was physiotherapy (56.9%), while 16.7% did not seek any help. A statistically significant difference in injury incidence between amateur and professional athletes was not found, and longer rest periods did not significantly reduce injury incidence. Additionally, there is a strong need for physiotherapists in lower leagues, supported by 90.3% of participants.
Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of individualized training programs that balance intensity, frequency, and specificity to optimize athletes' physical fitness. Moderate and targeted training yields better results than excessive or insufficient intensity. Recovery plays a crucial role, with physiotherapists supporting injury prevention, rehabilitation, and performance optimization. Integrating physiotherapy with training helps prevent injuries, correct imbalances, and enhance strength and flexibility. A holistic approach involving proper nutrition, rest, and injury prevention is essential for sustained athletic performance. Future research should focus on personalized protocols that maximize athletes' potential while minimizing injury risks
The Physical Activity and Dietary Habits of Nursing Students
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical
activity and dietary habits of nursing students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted; anonymous
questionnaire and descriptive statistical methods were used.
Results: One hundred and one student were interviewed, 80 women
and 21 men. Although 96% of students consider physical activity
important, but they are not physically active. Fast food and sugary
carbonated drinks are frequently consumed by 52% of students.
Alcoholic beverages are never consumed by 27% of respondents,
27% of the surveyed students smoke daily and 23% of respondents
eat sweets daily. Fruits and vegetables are consumed daily by 53
% . Breakfast is consumed regularly by 54 students (53%).
Conclusions: Nursing students are well acquainted with the
importance of obesity for public health, but students' dietary and
lifestyle habits are not proportionate to their knowledge about the
causes and ways of obesity prevention
ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF UNDERGRADUATE PROFESSIONAL STUDIES IN PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RADIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY ABOUT STUDYING PHYSICS
No full textUvod: Razumijevanje osnovnih zakona fizike ključno je za ispravnu i sigurnu uporabu modernih medicinskih uređaja. Također, fizikalni principi temelj su bioloških i fizioloških procesa unutar ljudskog organizma. Stoga je fizika neizostavan kolegij na fakultetima koji educiraju buduće zdravstvene djelatnike. Istodobno, budući da je razvoj fizike preduvjet za daljnji razvoj medicine u smislu unapređenja liječenja i dijagnostike, potrebno je kod studenata konstantno razvijati interes za fiziku, što se može postići prilagođavanjem nastavnih strategija. Na tragu navedenog, stavovi studenata o učenju fizike mogu dati dobre smjernice za unapređenje kvalitete poučavanja fizike.
Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati stavove studenata Prijediplomskih stručnih studija Fizioterapije i Radiološke tehnologije na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Rijeci o učenju fizike.
Metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 129 studenata sa Prijediplomskih stručnih studija Fizioterapije i Radiološke tehnologije, sa Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Rijeci. Ispitivanje je provedeno online, pomoću anketnog upitnika distribuiranog putem Google obrasca. Pitanja su preuzeta iz standardiziranog anketnog upitnika o studentskim stavovima o fizici-Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS). U uvodnom dijelu upitnika punoljetni ispitanici su upoznati s ciljem, prirodom i postupkom istraživanja. Također, ovaj dio upitnika sadrži podatke koji se odnose na vrstu studijskog programa ispitanika. Drugi dio upitnika sadržava 18 tvrdnji koje predstavljaju različite stavove o učenju fizike.
Rezultati: Iz dobivenih rezultata evidentno je da većina studenata ima pozitivan stav o učenju fizike. Analizom hipoteza ustanovljeno je da postoji statistički značajna razlika između stavova studenata Fizioterapije i Radiološke tehnologije. Naime, studenti Radiološke tehnologije imaju pozitivnije stavove o učenju fizike kao i o mogućnosti primjene stečenih znanja na novom radnom mjestu. Razlog može biti dvostruko veći fond sati u okviru kolegija Fizika na kojima su mogli steći znanja i vještine koji im daju sigurnost i pozitivniji stav.
Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati pružaju uvid u različite stavove studenata o učenju fizike. Implementiranje zaključaka ove studije u nastavni proces, u vidu modernih metoda i oblika rada, fiziku može približiti studentima, poboljšati im akademska postignuća te eventualno potaknuti njihov profesionalni razvoj.Introduction: Understanding the basic laws of physics is essential for the correct and safe use of modern medical devices. Moreover, physical principles are the basis for biological and physiological processes in the human organism. Physics is therefore an essential course in faculties training future medical professionals. Since the development of physics is a prerequisite for the progress of medicine in terms of improving treatment and diagnostics, students' interest in physics must be constantly encouraged, which can be achieved by adapting teaching strategies. Based on the above, students' attitudes towards physics education can provide good clues for improving the quality of physics education.
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate students of Physiotherapy and Radiological technology at the Faculty of Health Studies at the University of Rijeka towards learning physics.
Methods: 129 students of the Undergraduate Professional Studies in Physiotherapy and Radiological Technology at the Faculty of Health Studies at the University of Rijeka, participated in the survey. The survey was conducted online, using a questionnaire distributed via a Google form. The questions were taken from the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS). In the introductory part of the questionnaire, the adult respondents were familiarised with the aim, nature and procedure of the survey. In addition, this part of the questionnaire contains information on the type of study programme of the respondents. The second part of the questionnaire contains 18 statements representing different attitudes towards learning physics.
Results: The results obtained show that the majority of students have a positive attitude towards studying physics. The analysis of the hypotheses shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of physiotherapy and radiology technology students. Namely, radiology technology students have a more positive attitude towards learning physics and the possibility of applying the acquired knowledge in a new workplace, as they have more than twice as many hours in which they can acquire knowledge and skills that give them self-confidence and a more positive attitude.
Conclusion: The results obtained provide an insight into the different attitudes of students towards physics lessons. Implementing the conclusions of this study into the teaching process, in the form of modern methods and forms of work, can bring physics closer to students, improve their academic performance and possibly stimulate their professional development
EFFICIENCY OF THE AUSTRALASIAN TRIAGE SCALE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT ADMISSION
No full textUVOD: Učinkovitost Australskog trijažnog sustava (ATS) definira se kao postotak pacijenata koji su pregledani unutar idealnog vremenskog okvira za početak medicinskog pregleda, što je ključno za osiguranje pravovremene i odgovarajuće zdravstvene skrbi u hitnim bolničkim službama. Prema definiranim standardima, za prvu kategoriju pacijenata učinkovitost ATS-a iznosi 100%, za drugu kategoriju 80%, za treću kategoriju 75%, dok četvrta i peta kategorija imaju ciljanu učinkovitost od 70%. Ova podjela omogućuje prioritizaciju pacijenata prema hitnosti njihovog zdravstvenog stanja, čime se osigurava da oni kojima je potrebna najhitnija skrb budu pregledani bez odgode.
CILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti učinkovitost ATS-a u Objedinjenom hitnom bolničkom prijemu (OHBP) Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka tijekom 2023. godine. Specifični ciljevi uključivali su procjenu postotka pacijenata pregledanih unutar zadanih vremenskih okvira za svaku trijažnu kategoriju, analizu hospitalizacije, otpusta, smrtnosti, te identificiranje načina dolaska pacijenata u OHBP.
METODE I MATERIJALI: U svrhu prikupljanja podataka i postizanja ciljeva istraživanja, provedena je detaljna analiza dokumentacije te korištenje „BIS“ programa – bolničkog informacijskog sustava Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. Glavni fokus analize bio je usmjeren na prikupljanje podataka o hospitalizacijama, otpustima, smrtnim ishodima, učinkovitosti ATS trijažnog procesa te na analizu načina dolaska pacijenata u OHBP. Podaci su statistički obrađeni kako bi se dobila jasna slika učinkovitosti trijaže i protoka pacijenata kroz sustav.
REZULTATI: Rezultati analize podržavaju glavnu hipotezu istraživanja, koja sugerira da je učinkovitost ATS-a u OHBP-u zadovoljavajuća. Većina pacijenata pregledana je unutar predviđenih vremenskih okvira za sve trijažne kategorije. Najveći udio hospitaliziranih pacijenata pripada trećoj trijažnoj kategoriji (48,4%), dok je također najviše otpuštenih pacijenata bilo iz treće trijažne kategorije (44,3%). Smrtnost pacijenata prema trijažnim kategorijama pokazuje da je većina preminulih pacijenata pripadala prvoj trijažnoj kategoriji (74,6%), što je u skladu s očekivanjima s obzirom na težinu njihovih stanja. Analiza načina dolaska pacijenata u OHBP otkrila je da je većina pacijenata (94,9%) došla bez uputnice, dok je 4,9% pacijenata stiglo s uputnicom.
ZAKLJUČAK: Rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na to da je ATS učinkovit u procjeni hitnosti stanja pacijenata u OHBP-u Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. Sustav omogućava odgovarajuću prioritizaciju pacijenata prema njihovom kliničkom stanju, osiguravajući pravovremenu medicinsku skrb za one kojima je ona najpotrebnija. ATS se pokazao ključnim alatom za optimizaciju bolničkih resursa te pružanje hitne zdravstvene zaštite, čime doprinosi poboljšanju ishoda liječenja.INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of the Australasian Triage System (ATS) is defined as the percentage of patients who are assessed within the ideal time frame for initiating medical examination, which is crucial for ensuring timely and appropriate healthcare in emergency hospital services. According to defined standards, the efficiency of ATS for the first triage category is 100%, for the second category 80%, for the third category 75%, while the fourth and fifth categories have a target efficiency of 70%. This classification allows for the prioritization of patients according to the urgency of their medical condition, ensuring that those in need of the most urgent care are treated without delay.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of ATS in the Emergency Department (OHBP) of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka during 2023. Specific goals included evaluating the percentage of patients examined within the designated time frames for each triage category, analyzing hospital admissions, discharges, mortality rates, and identifying the mode of arrival of patients to the OHBP.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: In order to collect data and achieve the research objectives, a detailed analysis of documentation was conducted, utilizing the "BIS" program – the hospital information system of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. The main focus of the analysis was on gathering data on hospital admissions, discharges, mortality outcomes, the effectiveness of the ATS triage process, and the analysis of the patients' mode of arrival to the OHBP. The data were statistically processed to obtain a clear picture of the efficiency of triage and the flow of patients through the system.
RESULTS: The analysis results support the main hypothesis of the study, suggesting that the ATS efficiency in the OHBP is satisfactory. Most patients were examined within the expected time frames for all triage categories. The largest proportion of hospitalized patients belonged to the third triage category (48.4%), and the majority of discharged patients were also from the third triage category (44.3%). Mortality rates among patients by triage category showed that the majority of deceased patients were from the first triage category (74.6%), which aligns with expectations given the severity of their conditions. The analysis of the mode of arrival revealed that most patients (94.9%) arrived without a referral, while 4.9% of patients came with a referral.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the ATS is highly effective in assessing the urgency of patients' conditions in the OHBP of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka. The system allows for appropriate prioritization of patients based on their clinical condition, ensuring timely medical care for those in most need. The ATS has proven to be a key tool for optimizing hospital resources and providing emergency healthcare, contributing to improved treatment outcomes