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Effect of Drying Method on Phytochemical Compositions and Inhibition Efficiency of Alchornea Laxiflora and Mucuna Flagellepes Leaves Extracts in Corrosion Prevention
Get PDFStaff Publication: This study was aimed at investigating the influence of different drying methods on the photochemical composition
and inhibition efficiency of Alchornea laxiflora and Muccuna flagellepes leaves extracts in corrosion prevention. The fresh
samples of the leaves were collected, sorted, dried using two different drying methods viz; air drying and sun drying methods.
The dried plant samples were ground separately sieved using 0.25µm and then extracted with ethanol using maceration method
and then concentrated the filtrate in a water bath at 600C to obtained air dried Alchornea laxiflora leaves (AALL), air dried
Mucunna flagellepes leaves (AMFL), sun dried Alchornea laxiflora leaves (SALL) and sun dried Muccuna flagellepes leaves
(SMFL) extracts. The extract of each sample was analyzed separately for their phytochemical constituents using appropriate
methods. From the results, there was variation in the composition in respect of the phytochemical of interest but it could be
concluded that the drying methods have little effect on the phytochemical composition of the studied plant but air drying
methods could be adopted as it gave highest content (AALL: Sapolin 45.55 mg/g, tannin 10.58mg/g, flavnoid 7.49mg/g,
Terpenoid 7.06 mg/g, Alkaloid 35.61mg/g, phytobalatin 2.43mg/g and cardiac glycoside 4.72mg/g; AMFL: Sapolin 28.55mg/g,
Tannin 5.39 mg/g, Flavnoid 6.42 mg/g, Terpenoid 5.94 mg/g, Alkaloid 4.53mg/g, Cardiac glycoside 6.33 mg/g; SALL:
Saponin 20.00mg/g, Tannin 4.04 mg/g, Flavnoid 1.91 mg/g, Terpenoid 6.03 mg/g, Alkaloid 12.56 mg/g, Phytobalatin 2.57
mg/g, Cardiac glycoside 3.86mg/g: SMFL: Sapolin 15.00 mg/g, Tannin 3.82 mg/g, Terpenoid 4.82 mg/g, Alkaloid 6.25 mg/g
and cardiac glycoside 4.93 mg/g. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the samples extract on mild steel in 1.0M HCl solution
was investigated using weight loss measurements. The weight loss measurement indicates an increase in corrosion inhibition
efficiencies that reach 90.02% and 84.92% in AALL and AMFL extract and 79.74% and 72.12 in the SALL and SMFL extract
respectively. The weight loss data established that the inhibition efficiency on mild steel increases with increase in the
concentration of the plant extracts but decreased with increase in temperature. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy
change, entropy change, and activation energy were evaluated. Kinetics of the reaction in the presence of the extracts revealed
that it follows a first order reaction and the half-life increased as the concentration of the extract increases
CHARACTERIZATION OF LINAMARIN-UTILIZING BACTERIAL STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH DETOXIFICATION OF CYANOGENS IN WASTE EFFLUENTS
Get PDFThe cyanide molecule is one of the dominant pollutants in the environment. This study aimed to isolate and identify the
bacterial strains capable of utilizing linamarin and to assess their roles in the detoxification of cyanogenic substances in waste
effluents in Lagos, Nigeria. Two bacterial strains, Bacillus pumilus strain WOB3 KX774195 and Bacillus pumilus strain
WOB7 KX774196 were isolated from cassava wastewater samples by standard microbiological procedure. They were identified
on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbial growth assessment
was performed in triplicates under aerobic batch conditions. The generation times of strains WOB3 and WOB7 were 40.71
and 10.88 d; with specific growth rates of 0.025 and 0.064 d-1 respectively on linamarin. Strain WOB3 had maximum growth
of 0.552 (OD600nm) by day 12 at pH 6.2. Likewise, strain WOB7 recorded optimum growth of 1.276 (OD600 nm) by day 10 at
pH 6.4. The maximum values obtained for linamarase activities by WOB3 and WOB7 were 3.3 x 10-2 mgmL-1min-1 and 7.61
x 10-2 mgmL-1min-1 respectively. The results from this study suggest that the bacterial isolates possess degradative capacities,
which could be deployed in the bioremediation of cassava processing wastes
Liability of Internet Service Providers Under Nigerian Law
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of Internet Service Providers as bridges and intermediaries between private persons, organisations and even government arms and the internet and the liabilities placed on them by the law with regard to wrongful acts of their subscribers or clients under the laws of Nigeria. It is common knowledge that actions against ISPs are commonest with defamation and infringement of copyright. The legal framework in the US and the UK are examined to determine if there are lessons to learn for Nigeria. The Nigerian legal framework also places some responsibilities on ISPs with regard to crime prevention and
prosecution. This is because private rights are not yet much of an issue in the Nigerian cyberspace.
The paper points out that much of the regulation governing ISPs liability in respect of civil matters do not have legislative power but are mere guidelines and suggests that the US and UK patterns have a lot to offer Nigeria
Towards Curbing Plagiarism in Higher Institutions of Learning: The Strategic Role of the Library
Get PDFLack of academic integrity has frustrated the attainment of educational objectives especially in tertiary institutions in recent times. Perhaps, one of the most prevalent fraudulent practice among students, academics and researchers today is plagiarism. This paper examines the concept, nature and intricacies of plagiarism. It notes the devastating effects of plagiarism on the individual, academic institutions and the society at large. The paper argues that libraries by their assigned and inherent functions have a strategic role to play in curbing plagiarism. The roles include awareness creation, teaching of referencing and citation skills, information literacy programmes among others. The paper concludes with further recommendations for dealing with the menace of plagiarism
Librarianship and Sustainable Development in Hospitality and Tourism: Special Focus on Bibliotourism
Get PDFThe contextual environment of library in the 21st century has given way to diversity of library services. The library has moved from the era of being a place where people come to conduct research or reading to what is now known all over the globe as infonomics; moving from the era of thinking and talking of library information materials as asset but, giving it the economic value that it actually worth. In the same vein, library, no doubt has prominent role to play in sustainability of hospitality and tourism development which has great influence on the nation’s economic growth and sustainability. Hospitality and tourism can be promoted and sustained through bibliotourism. This paper therefore, expounds the concept of bibliotourism and its influence on sustainability of hospitality and tourism development. For libraries in Nigeria to successfully court tourism to harness bibliotourism, concerted effort must be made by the government and all stakeholders in information profession to make our libraries centers of excellence and attraction. The paper therefore recommends that the library must be architecturally imposing exuding beauty and awe as is usually found of libraries in other nations and offer dynamic services and resources that catch the fancy of all people
Optimization of Aqueous Two-Phase Partitioning of Aureobasidium pullulans α-Amylase via Response Surface Methodology and Investigation of its Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties
Get PDFIndustrial enzymes such as α-amylase must be thermostable and also easily purified/concentrated. Hence, aqueous two-phase partitioning systems (ATPS) was exploited for the partitioning of α-amylase from Aureobasidium pullulans due to its numerous advantages over conventional purification strategy. A. pullulans α-amylase was partially purified using ATPS via response surface methodology (RSM). The potentials of the ATPS-purified enzyme for possible industrial application such as resistance to thermal inactivation was investigated in comparison with the crude enzyme. PEG-6000 was the polymer of choice for ATPS as it resulted in higher purification factor (PF), %yield (Y), and partition coefficient (PC). At optimum levels (% w/v) of 20, 12 and 7.5 for PEG-6000, sodium citrate and sodium chloride respectively, maximum PF, Y and PC of 4.2, 88%, and 9.9 respectively were obtained. The response model validation and reliability were established based on the closeness between the experimented and predicted values. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as Q10, t1/2, kd, D − value, Ed, of the ATPS-purified α-amylase indicated that it was thermostable at 50 to 60 °C compared to the crude α-amylase. A thermodynamically stable and ATPS-purified α-amylase from A. pullulans has properties easily applicable for most industrial processes
Possibility of solar thermal power generation technologies in Nigeria:Challenges and policy directions
Get PDFThis paper presents a brief overview of solar thermal generation technologies (parabolic trough, central tower receiver, linear Fresnel reflecting and parabolic dish concentrators) and their possible applications in Nigeria. It further discusses an array of barriers to the development of the technologies, such as lack of understanding of solar thermal systems, lack of incentives for renewable technologies and previous experience of solar photovoltaic systems failure that is making people doubt the viability of renewable electricity. Other barriers that were considered are lack of technical expertise, high technology cost and lack of project funding, including a lack of enabling policies to drive the technologies. This study then develops a policy framework that will help to understand and address some of the identified challenges to achieve widespread adoption, application, and diffusion in Nigeria. In addition, the framework will provide useful insights into the major issues that affect community-based or regional solar thermal power systems in developing countries. Widespread application of these clean technologies can help mitigate climate changeInternational Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, and with financial support from the government of Canada, provided through Global Affairs Canada, under the framework of the Mathematical Sciences for Climate Change Resilience programme
Effect of Annealing on Machinability of Grey Cast Iron
Get PDFThis study investigates the influence of process parameter on machined cast iron under varying material strength and cutting conditions. The three process parameters considered in this study are spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The cast iron bars were annealed and machined under both wet and dry cutting conditions. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio was used to analyze results generated, identify optimal process parameters (factors) and analyze the effect of these parameters on tool-tip temperature. Taguchi design of Minitab 18 was employed to optimize and analyze results. Results shows that the spindle speed was the most significant factor affecting tool-tip temperature reduction, followed by feed rate, while the depth of cut has least role to play on tool-tip temperature. Depth of cut and spindle speed both significantly influenced increment in material removal rate. The annealed cast iron bar had a better surface integrity than the Unannealed sample bars. Conclusively, the preferred condition for machining grey cast iron bar was annealed and wet machining condition
The Lifted and Left-behind: An Analysis of Poverty Dynamics in Nigeria
Get PDFSINCE the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for transforming the world by 2030 were adopted by the United Nations in September 2015, member-states of the world body, including Nigeria, have initiated various strategic policy interventions to achieve the set goals.
In this edition of the SDGs Monitor Journal, we assess Nigeria's implementation of two of the 17 global goals – Zero Poverty (SDG 1) and Gender Equality (SDG 5). After an in-depth assessment of progress towards SDG 1, we find that instead of being on course to attain the zero poverty goal, poverty is rising in the country. Our review shows that despite the measures taken by the Nigerian government to reduce poverty, a large proportion of Nigerians still live below the poverty line. The 2018 World Data Lab report, which indicates that Nigeria has overtaken India as the country with the highest number of the extremely poor, has raised fears that SDG 1 which seeks to end extreme poverty by 2030 is unlikely to be met.
Therefore, the focus of the first research in this edition is the dynamics of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria, using the 2011 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS4) and 2016 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS5) datasets. The result of a disaggregated analysis of multidimensional poverty shows that compared to the south, poverty is more concentrated among households in the northern part of Nigeria ravaged by the ongoing humanitarian crisis. The study written by our two consultants, Dr. Joseph O. Ogebe of the University of Ibadan and Dr. Adedeji P.Adeniran of the Centre for the Study of the Economies of Africa (CSEA), recommends that pro-poor programmes aimed at lifting people out of poverty should focus more on deprived households in rural areas, especially those in the laggingbehind geo-political regions in Nigeria.
The second research by our consultant on gender, Ms. Maria Glover, project leader of the Impact Investors Foundation, focuses on the journey towards achieving Gender Equality (SDG 5) in Nigeria. Our review finds that although Nigeria has devised several national policies, and has signed and ratified numerous international conventions, treaties and protocols on discrimination against women, the country has failed to live up to either its national or its international commitments. It also finds that there is continuing discrimination against women in its legal system and the survival of critical factors such as patriarchal norms, customs, traditions, and religious belief systems. According to the study, these factors pose a threat to achieving SDG 5. To put Nigeria on the path to attaining SDG 5, the study recommends that the government should increase its efforts to combat the issue from its root causes and by so doing, ensure the full participation of its female populace in the process of nation-building.
It is a bumper package. Happy reading
Effect of digitalization on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates how digitalization enhances the performance of commercial banks adopting the purposive method and simple random sampling selecting 370 nonmanagerial employees from a commercial bank. A self-structured questionnaire was used as the major instrument for data collection and was analysed using SPSS version 25. From the result, it was discovered that there was a mild significant and positive relationship between the digitalization process and commercial bank performance (r = 0.114*; p< .05). Also, there is a positive significant relationship between product innovation and performance of commercial banks in Nigeria (r = 0.186; p< 0.001). The study recommends that digitalization processes if adequately and correctly implemented, will have a significant positive relationship on the performance of commercial banks in Nigeria ceteris paribus