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Peculiarities of public debt management policy in the United States of America: experience for Ukraine
Full text linkThe object of research is the policy of public debt management of the United States of America and Ukraine.
The problem solved is the low level of efficiency of the policy of public external and internal debt management of Ukraine in the context of financing economic growth.
The main scientific results: based on the analysis of the policy of public debt management of the United States of America, it has been proved, that the public debt and the US budget deficit should be perceived not as a problem or threat to macroeconomic stability, but as a tool to stimulate economic growth. It is substantiated, that in order to optimize the policy of internal and external public debt management of Ukraine it is expedient to introduce a debt rule, which is based on the program-targeted method of attracting public debt and provides for the use of public borrowing exclusively to finance economic development programs. In this case, Ukraine, following the example of the United States, will be able to achieve sustainable economic growth, because changing the priorities from debt financing of current state budget expenditures to financing capital expenditures will allow the Ukrainian government to develop economic infrastructure, create conditions for high value-added goods and to develop small and medium business, which will ultimately ensure macroeconomic stability and progressive economic development of the state.
The scope of practical use of research results. The results of the study can be used by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, and in particular by the Ministry of Finance during the formation of the Medium-Term public debt management strategy of Ukraine.
Innovative technological product: The debt rule is based on the program-target method of attraction and use of the state internal and external debt that allows to use effectively the state borrowings for financing of economic growth.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product: Policy of management of the state internal and external debt of Ukrain
The reconciliation of the development and implementation of police accountability in the United Kingdom
Full text linkThe objects of this research are: first, to explain some of the issues surrounding police accountability in the United Kingdom. Second, to make attempts in reconciling two opposing views as to whom police in the UK are accountable for? Third, to clarify the vagueness and ambiguous definitional concepts of the police constable, constabulary independence, and the use of police discretionary powers.
The author investigated the following problems: lack of police proper accountability, vague and ambiguous meaning of constabulary independence constable oath of office, and the use of police discretionary powers.
The main results of the research are: first, more clarity is needed as to whom is the British police accountable to? Second, a review of the current oath of office for police constable, the implementation of finding by previous committees set up by government: Lord Scarman, Rt Hon Christopher Patten, and Lord Nolan reports. Third, the monitoring of police officers' use of discretionary powers.
The area of practical use of the research: is for all citizens, directly or indirectly affected by police and safer communities. Criminal justice students in higher institutions and criminal justice practitioners, government officials, and policymakers
Information technologies in education: formation of a content component
Full text linkThe object of research: modern trends in the transformation of education.
The transition to the paradigm of knowledge was largely ensured by their universal computerization. This led to an understanding of the need to develop new approaches in educational activities based on the use of modern information technologies.
Investigated problem: taking into account the advantages of the content component in educational activities.
The teaching technology is built on the foundation of certain content, therefore, it is relevant to consider the content component in the context of the openness of education. If the concept of openness in education is based on the developments of fundamental education, introducing new qualities into it that correspond to the actual needs of the individual, then its content component presupposes an emphasis, first of all, on economic problems and ways of solving them.
Main scientific results: Existing databases contain mainly structured information, but a significant amount of them is unstructured. Joint analysis of data from various sources is possible only on condition that unstructured data will be structured, since only for the latter the mathematical apparatus of data processing is most developed.
To train a professional who can competently work with data, able to combine mathematical logic with the ambiguity of interpretations and concepts in economics and, accordingly, methods of obtaining data based on the purpose of the study is the task of specialties in economics.
Information technology and the creation of common platforms for open education are the instrument for solving this problem.
The area of practical use of the research results: the problem in training specialists of this profile is the ability to assess the accuracy of the initial information and the accumulation of errors during its processing.
An innovative technological product: the relationship of mathematics and statistics in the curriculum for training business analysts creates a platform, the use of which makes it possible to solve the issue of a balanced approach to the accumulation and processing of data, taking into account the desired results in a particular subject area.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product: only a competent internal policy of universities on the use of information technologies in teaching provides sufficient technical support in the relationship "student – teacher" aimed at complementing classical education technologies
The use of the topics and vocabulary of the Second World War in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict 2014-2020 (analysis of foreign historiography)
Full text linkThe object of research is the latest English literature of scientists and analysts in Western Europe and America, devoted to the problems of the information war waged by the Kremlin authorities against Ukraine. It is the problems, events of the Second World War, in the Russian-speaking academic space and the media that are still referred to only as the Great Patriotic War that became the leitmotif of these actions. Moreover, the history of the war is used precisely speculatively, that is, a careful selection of facts and conclusions is carried out, which are adjusted to certain conceptual foundations.
Investigated problem. As a result of a critical analysis of the works of Western authors, the problem posed in this work is solved: to show the objectivity and evidence of the narratives of foreign authors on the biased presentation of the topics and vocabulary of World War II about the events in the East of Ukraine in 2014-2020.
Main scientific results. The main scientific result of the study is the conclusion that Western scientists are deeply immersed in the vicissitudes of the conflict, debunking the biased evidence of Russian experts, fascist tendencies are imposed on the basis of false accusations of Ukraine, although such processes have not been recorded by any foreign analysts and observers. One of the stereotypes of Russian propaganda is the reproach for the massive "banderization" of the consciousness of citizens, but at the same time the face and activities of the leader of the OUN (b) are deliberately distorted. Modern studios of historians, diplomats, analysts of Western Europe, the USA, Canada are convincingly criticizing the political and ideological measures of Moscow aimed at discrediting the Ukrainian people. It is emphasized that the process of "nationalization" of history in Ukraine, especially during the Second World War by the Russian establishment, was used in a fraudulent way to tarnish the past of Ukraine. It was noted that, despite all the efforts of the Russian information and propaganda machine, Moscow fails to achieve the desire for results.
Scope of practical application. The research results, which are innovative in nature, can be used in both cognitive and educational values
Formation of earth ethics in the context of technological culture of the late modern era
Full text linkObject of research: technological culture as a matrix of interaction of the components of the system "man – society – nature/Earth".
Investigated problem: the substantiation of the meaning of the Ethics of the Earth in the context of technological culture, transforms the moral and value system of the late Modern era and provokes the emergence of the era of Posthumanism.
The main scientific results: the definition of the technological culture of the late Modern era made it possible to determine the existing contradictions in the moral dimension of the existence of man and the Earth. It should be noted that in the context of the technological transformation of the Earth, the existing ethics as a monoparadigm of the Enlightenment does not correspond to the challenges of the beginning of the XXI century. It is emphasized that the ethical dimension of the introduction of technologies into the existence of the Earth is an indispensable component of modern scientific discourse. It is not only about the ethical dimension of technology, but also the importance of the formation of the Ethics of the Earth. This allows to conclude that a person determines its moral position relative to the Earth in the context of the technological transformation of the Earth's existence.
The scope of practical use of the research results: the research results can be used in teaching such normative courses as "Philosophy", "Philosophical Anthropology", "Culturology" for students and undergraduates, graduate students of humanitarian and technical faculties.
Innovative technological product: Ethics of the Earth destroys the concept of the Earth as an object that is external to humans. The anthropological dimension of the Earth testifies to the fact that a person should be clearly aware of the responsibility for its activities, since the existence of the Earth is a condition for the existence of a person.
The scope of using the innovative technological product: the substantiation of the Earth Ethics corresponds to the polyparadigmatic optics of the modern post-non-classical scientific discourse, where a person is one of the constituent parts of the nature / Earth system. The post-non-classical paradigm eliminates the New European anthropocentrism, striking the consequences of which the person of the late Modern era feels. We are talking about environmental and anthropological crises that occur in the space of the Earth in the coordinates of technological culture
Experimental research of mass transfer in a stabilized foam layer
Full text linkThe object of research: mass transfer processes on a combined contact element in a column apparatus.
Investigated problem: determination of the regularities of process parameters in the processing of gas-liquid systems in a foam layer, as well as to interpret the obtained experimental data. The problem of processing industrial gas flows is solved by conducting the process in an intensive mode.
The main scientific results: as a result of the study, the regularities of ammonia absorption were revealed depending on the main parameters of the experiment: gas velocity in the column cross-section, ammonia concentration, free cross-section of the combined contact element, and liquid loads. The process of mass transfer in the gas phase is significantly influenced by hydrodynamic parameters – the gas velocity in the apparatus and the specific load on the liquid, which indirectly affect the height of the liquid layer on the plate and the gas content of the layer.
The area of practical use of the research results: sorption processes for processing gases and liquids in technological processes, absorption of harmful substances in the treatment of gas emissions.
Innovative technological product: new block poppet-nozzle contact device that operates in a stabilized hydrodynamic mode; new ball-shaped weighted nozzle for three-phase foam layer.
Scope of application the innovative technological product: technological processes in the treatment of gas emissions or technological gases
Determination of temperature distribution on windings of oil transformer based on the laws of heat transfer
Full text linkObject of research: development of a technology for determining the temperature of the winding of a power oil transformer, in particular, the analysis of thermal processes in the winding of a power transformer during short-term overloads, taking into account the influence of the environment.
Investigated problem: temperature distribution in the winding of a power oil transformer taking into account short-term load surges in the problem of assessing the residual life of the insulation of the transformer winding by temperature aging. The calculation of the temperature distribution in the winding was carried out using the passport data and characteristics of the power oil transformer, including the winding, transformer oil, load currents.
Main scientific results: a mathematical model was calculated, with the help of which the results of temperature distribution in the transformer winding were obtained during short-term load surges or constant work with an increased load. According to the presented model, the analysis of the cooling time of the transformer winding after short-term overloads is carried out. Comparing the results obtained on the simulation model with the known results of experimental studies of the temperature distribution in the winding of a power transformer, the adequacy of the mathematical model is proved. It is shown that the use of the laws of heat transfer in a homogeneous plate to analyze the temperature distribution in the transformer winding is not wrong, but requires clarifications and simplifications.
The area of practical use of the research results: enterprises of the machine-building industry and energy companies specializing in the production and operation of transformer equipment. Innovative technological product: simulation model of heat distribution in a transformer winding, which can take into account the load of the transformer, the effect of the environment on the insulation of the transformer windings.
An innovative technological product: a method for diagnosing the duration of the non-failure operation of a transformer, which makes it possible to ensure trouble-free operation and save money for the repair of transformer equipment.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: design and development of diagnostic systems for windings of power oil transformer
STUDY OF THE KINETICS OF DRYING IRON (II) SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE BY FILTRATION METHOD
Full text linkThe object of research: kinetics of filtration drying process of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate.
Solved problem: to obtain the calculated dependence of the kinetics of filtration drying, which predicts the nature of the change in the moisture content of the material in time during the period of complete saturation of the thermal agent with moisture in the range of heights of the material layer 30.10-3–120.10-3 m and the speeds of the thermal agent 0.46–1.61 m/s.
Main scientific results: The kinetics of filtration drying of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was investigated at different heights of the material layer and pressure drops over dry material, which means at different speeds of movement of the thermal agent. A certain critical moisture content, which is Wcr=0.065 kg H2O/kg dry mat and the time it reaches at different heights of the material layer and the speeds of movement of the thermal agent. Based on the solution of the system of differential equations of material balance in the layer and the kinetics of drying, the kinetic coefficients for iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate a=15.75 1/m, α=3.03.10-3 1/s were determined, which made it possible to obtain the calculated dependence of the kinetics drying, which predicts the nature of the change in the moisture content of the material over time during the period of complete saturation of the thermal agent with moisture in the range of heights of the material layer H=30.10-3–120.10-3 m and the velocities of the thermal agent υ=0.46–1.61 m/s.
The area of practical application of the results: enterprises for the production of titanium (IV) oxide with the production of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate as a by-product and enterprises specializing in the manufacture of pigments based on iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate.
Innovative technological product: iron (II) sulfate tetrahydrate (FeSO4•4H2O, rosenite), obtained as a result of drying by the filtration method.
Scope of application of the innovative technological product: in the production technology of iron oxide pigments
Development and formation of student competencies for the hotel and restaurant sphere with distance learning
Full text linkA developed model of the formation of the competencies of future specialists in the field of the hotel and restaurant industry is proposed, which takes into account the peculiarities of teaching students in quarantine conditions of distance education.
The research carried out makes it possible to systematize scientific views on the desired competencies of scientists, researchers and specialists in the field of the hotel and restaurant industry.
The object of research is the competence of students for the hotel and restaurant sector, as well as the peculiarities of their formation in conditions of quarantine during distance learning.
Investigated problem consists in the development and analysis of the features of the formation of the competencies of future specialists in the hotel and restaurant industry in the course of distance learning. Higher education is obliged to prepare not just a specialist endowed with knowledge and skills. It should be aimed at the formation of a competitive specialist and a successful personality.
In Ukraine, the hotel and restaurant industry does not have a system of competencies common for employers, specialists, higher educational institutions and colleges. Therefore, the presented study is aimed at creating such a basis in the form of a developed model for the formation of the competencies of future specialists in the hotel and restaurant industry, which takes into account the peculiarities of teaching students in quarantine conditions of distance education.
Main scientific results: the necessary components of the model for the formation of the competencies of a modern specialist for the hotel and restaurant industry were identified. The essence of the competence-based approach to professional training of a specialist in the context of modernization of education, taking into account distance education during quarantine, is revealed. The modern scientific view of the requirements for specialists in the hotel and restaurant sector is analyzed. The results obtained are adapted to the needs prevailing in the hotel and restaurant industry.
The area of practical use of the research results: the comparative analysis allows to systematize scientific views on the desired competencies of scientists, researchers and specialists in the hotel and restaurant industry. This, in turn, will make it possible to better inform students about the qualities that are in demand and make the necessary changes to the curriculum in the future.
An innovative technological product: a model for the formation of specialist competencies for the hotel and restaurant industry has been developed, which takes into account the peculiarities of teaching students in quarantine conditions of distance education.
Scope of application of an innovative technological product: the use of a competence-based approach in higher education using the proposed model for the formation of competencies of a future specialist for the hotel and restaurant industry
Evaluation of hybrid threats to DU technologies transfer
Full text linkAn object of this research is to evaluate the premises of transfer of dual use technologies appeared in Ukraine and other CIS countries. It aims to highlight a hybrid impact of political, historical and other potential barriers faced between technology offeror/recipient nowadays.
The investigated problem. Apart from the highlighted affect of political, historical and other potential barriers faced between technology supplier /recipient these days, the paper also discusses how the covid pandemic and democracy crisis on the global joined to and affect an efficiency, proper functioning and transparency of technology transfer process. The experience and practice show that the process of technology transfer is rather complicated, multi-leveled and involves more than two players. It is impacted with and follows few factors and conditions that constrain its success or failure at the end. It was shown that the development of dual use technologies continues in a quagmire of conflicting interests, in light of discussed factors therein, national security and export control rationales. For the time being, debates on dual use (DU) technologies and their misuse lack creativity and rather dim; political and diplomatic initiatives came finally to nowhere trying to find turnkey solutions, thus the discussed set of factors affecting the efficient transfer and strategic export control, is quite a challenge nowadays.
The main scientific results. The discussed therein factors imply the hybrid threat to transfer of technologies, closely interrelated and possess a profound significance, tho. From today and forward each step towards optimization of transfer should be carried out considering all groups and specifics of high level of science intensity of advanced technologies. Ukraine being a country with still transitional (from socialist to capitalist) type of economy, a mechanism for IP protection with regard to their scientific and technical results providing this necessary level of science intensity of technology, in the analyzed period of time has not yet been properly worked out and not enshrined in bylaws.
The result of this eresearch makes a solid background for further debates as to technology transfer in terms of political science and export contro