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Effect of school category on adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers in secondary schools
Full text linkThe object of this research: The study examined the adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers on the bases of school categories in selected secondary schools in Kenya.
Investigated problem: There are reported low levels of adjustment among readmitted teen mothers in secondary schools in Kenya as many of them perform poorly in academics.
Methods: The sequential explanatory design was adopted. A modified Student Adjustment to School Questionnaire (SASQ) and interview schedule were used to collect data.
The main scientific results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference [t (164)=4.22, p<.05] established in overall adjustment of re-admitted teenage mothers between the two types of schools.
The area of practical use of the research results: This is for teacher counsellors, school principals and parents. School principals should be trained on comprehensive guidance and counselling skills so that they are equipped to provide support to the re-admitted teen mothers in school
Procedure for selecting a rational technological mode for the processing of cast iron melt on the basis of graph-analytical processing of the data of serial smeltings
Full text linkThe object of research: cast iron grade DSTU EN 1561 (EN-GJL-200), used for the manufacture of body parts for mechanical engineering.
Investigated problem: the choice of the technological mode of the process of producing cast iron under conditions of multifactorial influence on the formation of its microstructure.
The main scientific results: A procedure for truncation of the influencing factors on the formation of the microstructure is proposed, which is a consistent reduction of data from serial smeltings to uniform conditions allowed by the actual data set. Common conditions mean the closeness of the chemical composition of the melt, which makes it possible to compare the effectiveness of the applied modifiers in combination with microalloying in terms of cast iron microstructure indicators. The proposed data truncation procedure made it possible, by creating conditions for comparing the efficiency of FeSi75 and FeSi65CaBaSr2 modifiers, to develop a rational technological regime for melt processing.
It has been established that the compared modifiers have the same effect on the size of graphite – its content is (50–51) μm, however, the use of FeSi65CaBaSr2 in combination with an alloying complex (0.27 %Cr+0.083 %Ni+0.048 %Ti+0.155 %Cu+0.018 %V ) makes it possible to obtain an average amount of pearlite of 96 % in the microstructure.
The area of practical use of the results of the study: the results obtained can be used in foundries or metallurgical shops of industrial enterprises as part of a general technology for producing cast iron of various grades, developed for cases of incomplete control of the quality of charge materials. Such a situation occurs, for example, when the charge is formed from dismantled armored vehicles that cannot be restored due to destruction on the battlefield.
Innovative technological product: iron smelting technology that allows the possibility of minimizing the cost of smelting in terms of the use of modifiers and alloying ferroalloys
The scope of the technological innovative product: technological regimes for the production of cast iron
Ethics in education and the ethical dimensions of the teaching profession
Full text linkEthics is a branch of philosophy that examines the principles at the basis of human behavior and discusses concepts such as good, bad, right, and wrong. Teachers need to be made aware of the ethical responsibilities that come with their jobs so that they can act with greater awareness and sensitivity in the classroom, which will improve the overall quality of their interactions with students. Teachers are able to enhance their students' learning, evaluate them in a variety of ways, and give them the opportunity to learn specific material when they organize a variety of activities in the classroom. In order to make the educational process more efficient, educators should conduct themselves with ethical awareness. As a consequence of this, members of the academic community, members of the general public, and teachers can acknowledge the significance of the ethical component of teaching.
This article aims to discuss the main reasons that make the teaching profession the subject of ethics, considering the opinions compiled from the literature and increasing the sensitivity of educators on this issue.
The object of research: Emphasis on ethics is a word we hear in every cornerstone of life, and it is a word that is taken together with manners and decency. Therefore, it is high time to review ethics in teaching to interested readers. The object of this study is to revise the related literature on the concept of ethics and compile significant features in one study.
Problem description: Since ethics is a paramount issue in education, issues such as the ethical dimensions of teaching and what is useful in the teaching profession for teachers or candidates who think of the profession as a sacred duty, teacher-student interaction, the foundations on which educational plans are based, and the ethical aspects of teacher attitudes needs to be investigated.
Suggested solution to the problem: According to the findings of the research, the ethical dimension can be influenced by a number of factors, some of which include the interactions between teachers and students, educational initiatives, the attitudes of teachers, classroom restrictions, and the majority of instructional decisions. As a result, in order to make the process of education more effective, educators should model ethical behavior in their own live
The concepts of ‘Zulu tribe’ and ‘Zulu nation’ and their use towards political aspirations in South Africa
Full text linkThe object of research: This article presents an overview of how the concept of tribe and nation has been manipulated for political end. The first part of the paper clearly establishes that the two concepts are not only different but also represent different epochs in Zulu history.
Investigated problem: this article interrogates this neglected subject by focusing on how Europeans used different terms to denegrate Africans during colonialism. The main objective is to reveal social agency, showing that the African ethnic groups were also capable of making nations before the arrival of colonialism.
The main scientific results: The findings of this paper indicated that the concepts ‘tribe’ and ‘nation’ present different epochs in Zulu history therefore using them interchangeably as if they refer to one thing is politically incorrect. Moreover, findings indicated that there is nothing wrong with the words as they are defined by dictionaries but the way in which they were used created confusion.
Innovative product: The result of this study will be incorporated in our history curriculum, which specifically focuses at how the process of colonization affected the Zulu monarchy.
The area of practical use of the research results: The study is of importance to South African historians and those who are interested to study the transition of AmaZulu from a tribe to a nation
Exploring the high murder rate in South Africa
Full text linkThe objects of this research are: first, to explain some of the causes of high murder rates in South Africa. Second, to refute the labelling of South Africa as the murder capital of the world. Third, exploring some alternative ways to violence resulting in deaths.
The author investigated the following problems: murder done predominately by men, the inefficiency or shortcomings of the police to investigate murder successfully and lack of reports showing a drastic reduction of murders rates, possible due to lenient sanctions given by the courts.
The main results of the research are:
First, South Africa has been incorrectly referred to as the murder capital of the world. A label that scares would be visitors away from the country. This misleading labelling turned out to be factually incorrect according to several reports. Second, there are myriads of reasons why the death rates are very high in South Africa namely: varieties and normalization of violence; socio-economic inequalities; high youth unemployment rates; alcohol and drugs; culture of violence; easy access to firearms; lenient prison sentence; membership of gangsters; ineffective police investigation units; Mental illnesses or psychotic disorders and satanic beliefs.
The area of practical use of the research: is for all citizens, directly or indirectly affected by police and safer communities. Criminal justice students in higher institutions and criminal justice practitioners, government officials, and policymakers
Design and fabrication of a double- chamber solar dryer
Full text linkObject of research: This paper discusses the design and construction of a modified, cost effective solar dryer for use by the average Nigerian farmer or agri-business entrepreneur.
Investigated problem: Local farmers often have a lot of difficulties in properly drying harvested agricultural produce for storage and processing purposes, safely and efficiently due to capital constraints. There was therefore a need for an efficient, low cost solar dryer design to aid in this pursuit.
Methodology: The designed dryer is a passive dryer that makes use of heat energy tapped through glass collectors placed over the drying and air inlet chambers respectively. The dryer was designed and constructed with carefully selected, inexpensive materials with dimensions of 40cm x 40cm x 60cm for the drying chamber and dimensions of 10cm x 80cm x 40cm for the heating chamber. The glass collectors (4mm thick) were inclined at an angle of incidence of 17.26°. Okra slices were used to test the performance of the dryer.
Results / Area of practical use: The study yielded a low cost (€145.60) modified solar dryer capable of drying agricultural produce in a safe and clean way. During eight (8) hours of drying under a temperature range of 39 °C – 45 °C, the initial weight of the okra slices reduced from 150g to 9g, 9g, 10g and 9g on each of the four trays of the drying chamber respectively. Local farmers and agripreneurs will be encouraged to make use of this clean alternative of drying food produce without the drawbacks from regular sun drying.
Conclusion: There is need for more work to be done in terms of installation of solar panels to enhance dryer performance. More work should also be carried out on tests during the dry season for increased dryer efficiency
The Bayesian approach to analysis of financial operational risk
Full text linkThe article provides a short overview of methods for constructing mathematical models in the form of Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risks under conditions of uncertainty. Let’s provide the sequence of actions necessary for creating a model in the form of the network, methods for computing a probabilistic output in BN, and give examples of using the tool to solve practical problems of operational financial risk estimation. The study results can be used by financial institutions as a tool for resolving specific practical issues of risk estimation.
The object of research: methods for constructing Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risk in financial institutions.
Investigated problem: modeling operational risk under conditions of uncertainty.
The main scientific results: overview of methods for constructing Bayesian Networks for modeling operational risk under conditions of uncertainty; the methodology in the form of sequence of actions necessary for creating the model in the form of the network; methods for computing a probabilistic output in BN; examples of applying such approaches to solve practical problems of operational financial risk estimation.
The area of practical use of the research results: The research results can be used in the following financial institutions: banking system, insurance and investment companies.
Innovative technological product: computer based decision support system, allowing for high quality modeling and estimation of operational risks.
Scope of the innovative technological product: the practice of usage the proposed models in financial organizations provides an evidence of their high efficiency in terms of formal description and estimation of operational ris
The continuity of police brutality in post-apartheid South Africa
Full text linkThe objects of this research are: First, to highlight that police brutality is still ongoing in South Africa despite the end of the apartheid regime in South Africa in 1994. Second, to explore the concept of police brutality and its definitional related concepts like excessive force, reasonable force, lethal force, and de-escalation. Third, to explore possible avenues of rebuilding citizens’ loss of trust and confidence in the police.
The researcher investigated the following problems: Police excessive use of force on citizens resulting in injuries or loss of lives, understanding of reasonable force, when can police officers make use of force, a lack of proper police accountability, and citizens’ lack of trust and confidence of the police.
The main results of the research are: first, police brutality is still ongoing in South Africa due to reported incidents of brutality in some instances resulting in loss of lives at the hands of the police. Second, a conceptualization of police/citizen partnership is needed in South Africa, benefits derived from community police need to be explored more for the understanding of all stakeholders. Third, the culture of promoting violence within and outside the police service needs to be addressed. Fourth, Police brutality is an abuse of power, it portrays police officers in a bad light seen by many as oppressive apparatus of the state designed to perpetuate immediate unlawful violence against citizens. The police service has a lot to do when it comes to winning the hearts and minds of citizens. Contemporary policing must respect the rights and dignity of citizens and enforce the law without fear or favour within the laid down the constitutional mandate.
The area of practical use of the research are all citizens affected by crime, police and safer communities, human rights organisations, university students and staff members of the criminal justice departmen
Simulation of the expander of the excess gas pressure utilization plant
Full text linkThe object of research: The expander of the excess gas pressure utilization plant.
Investigated problem: Increasing the efficiency of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure during its distribution from main high-pressure gas pipelines. Development of hardware and software tools that provide automation of the process of regulating flow parameters under the influence of time-varying disturbances.
The main scientific results: A mathematical model of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure has been developed, and an experimental assessment of its adequacy has been carried out. With the help of the Matlab application “Linear Analysis Points”, the description of the object is linearized, which makes it possible to obtain its representation in the state space.
The area of practical use of the research results: The sphere of application of the results of the study is automation objects related to the regulation of gas flow parameters. The results of identification of model parameters provide an opportunity for the synthesis of the process controller.
Innovative technological product: In accordance with the task of increasing the efficiency of the process of utilization of excess gas pressure when it is distributed from the main high-pressure gas pipelines, a mathematical model of the channel for controlling the speed of rotation of the turbine (expander) has been developed, which serves as the basis for the synthesis of the regulator for the utilization process.
Scope of the innovative technological product: The developed model can be used in the construction of turbine speed controllers, which are used in the generation of electricity. The approach to the linearization of the description of the control object makes it possible to automate the process of identifying its parameters
Mathematical modeling of the heat transfer process in a dense blown layer of granular material
Full text linkThe object of research: a mathematical model of unsteady heat transfer between particles forming a dense layer in a heat exchange channel and an air flow passing through the layer.
Investigated problem: obtaining a mathematical model adequate to the physical phenomenon will significantly expand the field of research, reduce the time for determining the thermal characteristics of heat transfer and data processing.
The main scientific results: an explicit analytical dependence is obtained that allows calculating the local temperature of the layer in an arbitrary cross-section of the channel at selected moments of time. The presented analytical dependence was verified by analyzing the calculated data on the material temperatures in the channel obtained by varying the main physical quantities: the effect of the heating duration, heat transfer coefficient, porosity, and density on the temperature distribution was studied. The temperatures along the length of the channel were calculated at different points in time with the following initial data: material - gravel: c=860, ρ=1500, λ=0.6, ε=0.4; aud=800. Based on the results of the calculations for the time τ=60 s, τ=900 s, τ=1800 s, τ=2400 s, τ=1800 s, the graphs shown in the paper are constructed. It is shown that the mathematical model adequately describes the process of heating a layer of granular material in a heat exchange channel and allows obtaining satisfactory data on the temperature distribution along the length at different points in time. The calculated data correlate satisfactorily with the experimental results.
Innovative technological product is an analytical dependence obtained for the first time, which is necessary for inclusion in the calculation method of regenerative heat exchangers intended for the utilization of low-potential heat flows.
The area of practical use of the research results is the heat engineering calculations of regenerative heat exchangers with a dense granular packing. The consumers of the developed regenerators are greenhouses and food industry. Such industries are characterized by a low-potential level of thermal emissions, the heat of which is difficult to utilize using existing heat exchange equipment.
Scope of the innovative product: design bureaus focused on the design of innovative heat exchangers for the utilization of low-potential heat flows, and research laboratories studying the processes of heat exchange between a dense layer of granular material and a through gas (air) flow