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Revealing the influence of temperature and moisture content on electrophysical parameters of raw apple materials
Get PDFAdditional heating of fruit raw materials in the drying process by direct passage of alternating electric current makes it possible to intensify the dehydration process by 3–5 times.
The amount of added thermal energy during direct electric heating depends, first of all, on the value of the specific electrical resistance of the raw material. Therefore, the list of necessary properties of the material must necessarily include the specific electrical resistance of the raw material as an integral indicator.
During drying with additional direct electric heating, the concentration of dry soluble substances, which directly depends on the moisture content of the studied raw material, and its temperature change throughout the drying time. This indicates a change in specific electrical resistance during the dehydration process. It was determined that the initial resistivity of apples before drying at a temperature of 20 °C and a moisture content of 8 kg/kg is within 195–220 Ohm•m, which indicates the high conductivity of the material.
With a decrease in moisture content from 8 to 6 kg/kg, the specific electrical resistance of the raw material decreases by 25–30 % compared to the initial values. With a further decrease in moisture content below 6 kg/kg, the electrical resistivity of the raw material begins to gradually increase.
At the same time as the temperature rises, there is a significant decrease in specific electrical resistance. When heating raw materials from 25 to 55 °C, the value of specific resistance decreases by 10–13 times.
The equation of the dependence of the specific electrical resistance of apple raw material on its moisture content and temperature for the studied apple varieties was obtained.
The obtained results of the change in the value of the specific resistance provide the necessary data for the development of an energy-saving technological device for drying fruits and the selection of optimal processing conditions in compliance with quality indicator
Prenatal gender selection: medical, ethical and psychological aspects
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the methodology of prenatal gender selection and ethical aspects of its implementation. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the principal techniques to determine sex in pre-implantation period, in the embryo and fetus, are presented. Invasive and non-invasive procedures of prenatal diagnosis are descreibed. Invasive procedures include examination of the fetus by chorionic villus sampling karyotyping of cells obtained by amniocentesis. Non-invasive techniques related to pregnant women's blood biochemistry, ultrasound markers of the Down syndrome are given. Fetal blood DNA testing is a more sensitive diagnostic parameter that reduces the indication for invasive procedures. The newest most effective method of sex determination in pre-implantation period is sperm separation screening. Medical and non-medical reasons for prenatal gender determination such as prevention of X-linked genetic disorders in a child, a couple’s choice in order to balance sex of children in the family, social gender preferences are shown. Gender selection for the prevention of the X-linked disorders is justified. Ethical issues regarding to the balance of children in the family, giving preference to a certain sex with the help of advanced diagnostic techniques, and selective abortion are discussed. The bioethical principles for the prevention selective abortion resulted from the gender reasons are established. International documents – the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine, the Declaration of the World Medical Association regulating protection against sexual discrimination are considere
Dengue fever in Nigeria: a mini review
Get PDFDengue is a disease caused by dengue virus. It is a major mosquito-borne viral disease of humans that is endemic in areas of tropical and subtropical regions, which are environmentally suitable for vector propagation. The disease poses a major threat to the overwhelmed and weak public healthcare delivery system in the developing world, especially in Africa where febrile illnesses are common. The disease undermines the fight against febrile illnesses as infection with dengue often remains undetected or misdiagnosed as malaria or other febrile diseases. This review article highlights dengue epidemiology in Nigeria, dengue transmission dynamics, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current interventions strategies, challenges in addressing dengue infection and future prospects towards dengue elimination. The literature search for publications on dengue virus infection in Nigeria was performed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online and other scholarly online databases. Dengue remains a threat to Nigeria and other African countries. In Nigeria, the occurrence of this infection remains a low priority in the public health sector even though it has been reported in about 17 states across the country. The reports of dengue infection in all the geo-political zones suggests active transmission of dengue, hence the need to consider other etiologies of febrile illnesses and engage the public to sustain local involvement as local risk to dengue outbreaks is linked to the population’s knowledge, attitude and behavioral practices that encourage vector breedin
The effect of vermicompost and K+amino on the winter rape growth
Get PDFVermicompost contains a high concentration of macro- and micronutrients, vitamins, growth hormones, enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases, and chitinases, as well as immobilized microflora. Vermicompost improves plant germination, growth, biomass, and yield. K+amino is a biologically active liquid soil amendment that is suitable for organic gardens of all types. It is a 100 % veganic growth- and health-promoting liquid microbial inoculant for all plant types, particularly fast-growing crops like vegetables, fruits, and blooms. The purpose of investigation was to look the effect of vermicompost and k+amino on the winter rape germination and growth. Methods: There were six treatments: 1. A rape (means a rape crop in Aru Agricultural Ltd. soil), 2. A rape+YaraBela AXAN 0.3g per pot, 3. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil+the vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 4. A rape+vermicompost 7.9 g per pot in the soil, 5. A rape+vermiextract is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 1:30, 33 ml extract per 1 L water, 6. A rape+K+Amino biostimulator is sprayed on the plants 1 week after sowing, 2 weeks after sowing, both treatments 5 ml K+Amino per 1 L water. Results: Rape plants were elongated in treatment with YaraBela AXAN. Stem diameter was largest in K+Amino treatment. Root length was lowest in treatment with vermicompst extract (soil was too moisty and compacted). Conclusions: Vermicompost tended to improve plant growth, while stem diameter was largely increased by using k+amino fertilizer. It turns out both actually are good sources of mineral nutrients and also different enzymes and microbes, which help plants gro
Improved method of brewing peanut mouth with blending fruit drink of a high degree of readiness
Get PDFThe method of production of peanut paste with blended fruit and vegetable semi-finished products of high degree of readiness based on Jerusalem artichoke and cranberry obtained under conditions of low-temperature concentration has been improved. The production method is characterized by the process of concentration in a rotary-film apparatus at a temperature of 45...50 °C to a content of 28...30 % of dry substances within 1.75...2.00 minutes. The organoleptic evaluation of various recipe ratios of the selected raw materials revealed its optimal content in the semi-finished product (Jerusalem artichoke 65 %, cranberry 35 %), which has a uniform structure, a pleasant aroma of cranberry and Jerusalem artichoke, and its color is red-orange. The obtained fruit and vegetable semi-finished product of a high degree of readiness can be used as a base or additive in various food products of special purpose to increase their nutritional value and provide the products with a health-improving effect.
For the production of health-prophylactic peanut paste, a technological manufacturing scheme is proposed with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke and cranberry fruit and vegetable paste to its composition, which will further increase the health-prophylactic properties of the finished product, eliminate the use of sugar and other synthetic stabilizers in comparison with classical technology. The organoleptic evaluation of the received samples of peanut paste with blended fruit and vegetable semi-finished product of a high degree of readiness revealed a rational amount of the semi-finished product at the level of 25 %, while the product has a structured, homogeneous consistency and a pleasant yellow-orange color. The obtained product can be recommended for therapeutic and preventive purposes, as a cholesterol-lowering and immunomodulating agen
Determination of technological parameters of obtaining stevia extract
Get PDFThe prospects for the use of a plant raw material – stevia as a natural sweetener for obtaining sweet extracts have been substantiated. Literary research has been conducted on the expediency of carrying out preparatory operations of stevia-raw material in order to intensify mass exchange processes during extraction; their necessity has been theoretically justified.
A number of studies have been conducted with the aim of intensifying the process of extracting the dry mass of stevia leaves. Preliminary preparation of stevia was carried out – crushing (using a laboratory crusher – A1-DM2R) and subsequent sieving to the average size of the leaf fraction – 3.9±0.1 mm.
It is proposed to use whey from the production of sour milk cheese to obtain sweet extracts of stevia for their further use in the food industry.
It has been established, that the highest efficiency of the extraction process of the prepared dry stevia leaf mass is achieved with a hydromodule – 1:15. Carrying out the process under these conditions allows to achieve the highest degree of extraction of extractive substances – 29.9.
The results of the experimental studies, obtained and presented in the article, can be used to carry out further physicochemical analyzes of the quality of the obtained stevia extracts and the possibility of combining them with a milk base to obtain a dietary range of food product
Analysis of results of research of the functional influence of the food product on the body of athletes
Get PDFThe aim of the work is to describe and analyze the study of the functional effect of bran bars "Sport Slim". To study the functional effectiveness of food for athletes to control body weight, performance and recovery processes in the body of athletes. Anthropometric, physiological, psychophysiological and biochemical research methods were used to study the consumption impact of a food product Sport Slim for athletes. As a result of the research, it has been found, that the course consumption of the bar "Sport Slim" affected the weight and body composition of athletes, decreased body weight and body fat percentage. Consumption of the bar has accelerated the recovery process in the body and increased the rate of operational thinking. Course consumption of the bran bar "Sport Slim" can be recommended for use in the training of qualified athletes to adjust the daily diet to correct body weight, to speed up recovery, to increase the effectiveness of training and competitive activitie
Effect of sodium chloride on physiological and biochemical indices of wheat and maize genotypes
Get PDFAim. Study the effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and maize genotypes, to identify varieties tolerant to salinity. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Methods. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. Results. Based on the physiological indices determined during the grain filling stage, the highest tolerance was manifested by the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, and the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir, ♀Garabagh×♂Sharg. The varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68 and hybrid “Gurur×Zagatala-68” were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration.The varietiesofmaize Gurur and Zagatala-68 were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentratio
Mathematical modeling of drinking water availability in Kharkiv region (Ukraine) at different dynamics of global climate warming
Get PDFWater purity and availability determines health and life quality of humans, biodiversity and existence of plants and animals. The results of global climate change have been registered all over the world as progressive warming with fast heat waves, accelerated glacier ice melting, variations in the global ocean streams and heat balance, droughts and lack of drinking water, damage to plants and animals. Mathematical modeling of the water exchange in local ecosystems is a very important constituent of detailed analysis of different scenarios of water availability at various trends in the weather change.
The work is aimed at mathematical modelling of water balance in an urban ecosystem accounting for global climate changes. A brief review of the models is presented, and a synthetic model for the water balance on the urban territory of Kharkiv city (Ukraine) based on the statistical dependencies, compartmental system dynamics approach and hydrological equation with probabilistic description of the input parameters is developed. The monthly and year averaged temperature and precipitation curves, time series on downpours, droughts and storms over the Kharkiv region and Kharkiv city during 1908−2012 years were collected from the open databases and analyzed. Gradual increase in the annual temperature was confirmed.
Different scenarios of the regional development (population growth and industry development with increased water demands) and weather changes were tested, and availability of water has been estimated. It was established by numerical simulations, the water insufficiency in the region in 2040 could reach 10−17 % if the mean annual air temperature increases in 0.5−2.5 °T. This will cause damage for plants, animals, and human health. The obtained results are important for decision making by official planning authorities and regional administratio
Correction of the wake-sleep cycle by intranasal administration of dopamine in modeling of the preclinical stage of Parkinson's disease in rats
Get PDFSleep disorders, which are among the earliest and most sensitive non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), are not diagnosed in 40–50 % of patients and are not subject to the necessary correction. In this regard, the ineffectiveness of a late start of treatment, when more than 50 % of dopamine-producing neurons are already affected, dictates the need to search for and develop approaches to the prevention and slowdown of neurodegenerative pathology at the preclinical stages of its development using adequate experimental models. Taking into account the low bioavailability of dopamine (DA) and data on the advantages of the intranasal route of administration in comparison with oral and parenteral methods of drug delivery to the CNS, the aim of the work was to study the neurophysiological features of the wake-sleep cycle as early manifestations of nigrostriatal insufficiency and the effect of intranasal administration of DA on the quality of sleep during the formation of the preclinical stage of PD in rats. It was shown that under the conditions of modeling PD, the cyclic organization of sleep with a predominance of incomplete cycles against the background of hyperproduction of slow-wave sleep and REM phases are early manifestations of nigrostriatal insufficiency. Course administration of DA at a dose of 3 mg/kg is accompanied by the normalization of sleep quality in the form of reduction (by 76 %) in the number of incomplete cycles. The preventive orientation of the obtained effects may indicate a certain therapeutic potential of intranasal delivery of DA to the brain, aimed at slowing down the processes of neurodegeneration and possibly delaying its clinical manifestatio