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Investigation of biological activities of Xeromphis uliginosa (Retz.) root extracts in Swiss-albino mice model, an extinctive medicinal plant of Bangladesh
Get PDFXeromphis. uliginosa (Retz.) is an extinctive Bangladeshi medicinal plant that is locally used for the treatments of pain, diabetes, diarrhea, depressant, and other diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate the peripheral analgesic activity (PAA), central analgesic activity (CAA), central nervous system antidepressant activity (CNS-AD), antidiarrheal activity (ADA), and hypoglycaemic activity (HGA) of methanolic root extract of X. uliginosa (MREXU) in a mice model.
The acetic acid-induced writhing inhibition and tail flick method were applied to determine the PAA and CAA of MREXU. The CNS-AD was measured using the phenobarbitone sodium-mediated sleeping method whereas, the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method was used to determine the ADA of the crude extracts. To determine the HGA of MREXU crude extract, the tail tipping technique was conducted in a mice model.
The MREXU displayed potential PAA and CAA in mice models. The MREXU 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly inhibit the number of writings along with diclofenac sodium. On the other hand, MREXU both doses significantly inhibit thermal stimulus after 60 and 90 minutes respectively. In the CNS-AD study, crude extract of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increase the onset of sleep by decreasing the duration of sleep. Similarly, the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced diarrheal faeces for the whole 4 hours of experiments. The heartiest outcome of MREXU was displayed in the HGA assay. Both doses of MREXU significantly reduced the blood sugar level for the entire 3 hours of the experiments.
In this study, it is revealed that the root of MREXU has extremely significant blood sugar-reducing activity, potential CNS-AD and mild to moderate nociceptive activity in the mice mode
The immune status of the organism of bulls under cadmium load and the effects of correcting factors
Get PDFMan-made pollution of the environment through food chains has a significant impact on animal productivity and product quality. The studied environmental pollutant, cadmium, is classified as an extremely dangerous heavy metal. That is why the study of the effect of this toxicant on the immune system of the body of young cattle and the development of its correction is relevant. Research in this direction is relevant and has significant prospects. The experiments were carried out on six-month-old bulls, a Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The bulls were subjected to a cadmium load by feeding cadmium chloride with feed at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of animal body weight. It has been established that the cadmium load in bulls had an immunosuppressive effect on the activity of the immune system, which indicates a decrease in the indicators of humoral and nonspecific parts of the immune defense. To prevent the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis, experimental animals were given the feed additive Metisevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit at a dose of 5 ml per animal. These preparations contributed to an increase in nonspecific resistance, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index with a simultaneous decrease in the level of circulating immune complexes in their blood. Under the experimental cadmium load, the best effect on the immune defense of the organism of bulls was exerted by the combined use of the feed additive Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit. These changes in the body of young cattle are associated with the complex action of both the components of the feed additive and the liposomal preparation. The liposomal form of Butaintervit has a more pronounced and lasting effect. Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit complement the prescribed therapy and, when used together with a cadmium load, show high therapeutic efficac
Red rust disease occurring in some fruits species in Cameroon
Get PDFThe knowledge of the red rust disease remains limited in Cameroon, with a view to developing a control method. This work consisted in studying red rust on some fruit species such as Annona muricata (soursop), Dacryodes edulis (safou), Psidium guajava (guava) and Theobroma cacao (cocoa).
Diseased leaves were collected in the field in the Maham site, in west region of Cameroon.The symptomatology of disease (colour, number and diameter of lesions) was studied. Coefficient of variation ( %) was calculated. The incidence and severity of the disease was assessed in the different orchards surveyed. The measurement of the different structures of the thallus (length, width of sporangia and sporangiophores) was carried out using a microscope with a micrometer.
The disease is characterized by circular orange to orange-brown spots on the upper surfaces and rarely on the lower surface. Number of lesions, varied from 245–510 respectively with D. edulis and T cacao. Lesion diameters varied from 0.1−1 cm, 0.1−7 cm, 0.1−1.5 cm in safou (African pear), guava and soursop respectively. The length and width of sporangiophores varied from 280.5−714×10.2−25.5 µm for A. muricata, 408−612×15.3−25.5 µm for Dacryodes edulis, 433.3−663×15.3−20.4 µm for P. guajava and 484.5−612×20.4−35.7 µm for T. cacao. The number of sporangiophores varied from 1 to 11 at the maximum threshold. But, number of sporangia was the same in the four species, 1−9. The pathogenicity test was negative.
The data measurements show that the specie observed is Cephaleurus virescens which is a parasitic alga.
The data obtained are a basis for the development of an integrated control strategy against this emerging diseas
Substantiation of the efficiency of the method for processing viburnum by the method of osmotic dehydration
Get PDFIn the process of any food production, it is important not only to obtain a high quality product, but also to minimize industrial waste, reduce energy costs for the process. Recently, buyers are also paying special attention to the biological value, the popularity of organic and natural products is growing. The search for new types of non-traditional raw materials and the choice of a rational way of processing it is an important task for scientists and manufacturers. The subject of the study was the viburnum fruits (Viburnum opulus). The object is the process of osmotic dehydration. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of the method of processing Viburnum opulus fruits by the method of osmotic dehydration. The process of processing viburnum fruits provides for mandatory pre-freezing, defrosting, osmotic dehydration and drying. A method was developed for waste-free processing of viburnum fruits using the process of osmotic dehydration. Products of viburnum processing (osmotic solution and powders) were studied. Analysis of the mineral composition of powders of their derivatives from the processing of viburnum showed the highest content of potassium (5.74 %). In addition, vitamin C was found in the products of viburnum processing: in powders – 8.28 mg/100 g, in an osmotic solution − 1.12 mg/100 ml. Given that wild berries were used for the study, a study of powders for the presence of microorganisms and heavy metals was carried out. Mesophilic aerobic, facultative anaerobic microorganisms, yeasts and molds were not detected. The content of heavy metals is less than 10 ppm Pb. Thus, viburnum fruits are safe raw materials. When using osmotic dehydration, their biological value and organoleptic properties are preserved
Research of garlic preservation depending on treatment with hydrophobic protective coatings and growth-inhibiting substances
Get PDFThe aim of the work was to improve the elements of garlic bulb storage technology by using hydrophobic protective coatings, growth inhibitors. The study allows you to choose protective coatings of garlic bulbs for long-term storage and extend the duration of storage.It has been found, that the loss of weight of garlic bulbs during storage depends on the method of storage and type of treatment of garlic plants. Weight loss during storage in boxes with polyethylene inserts is reduced by 2 times, bulbs, treated with paraffin, – by 3.4 times. Treatment of plants with maleic acid hydrazide (MAH) reduces weight loss by 1.7 times. After 6 months of storage, the loss due to dry matter ranged from 51.7 to 69.7 % of weight loss.It has been found, that the treatment of plants by MAH helps to reduce losses due to germination of bulbs, damage by microorganisms, drying compared to the control version and storage in boxes with polyethylene inserts. The highest yield of 91.8 % of commercial bulbs is provided by their treatment with paraffin. Analysis of variance showed that the method of storage affects the preservation of garlic by 98 %, the development of diseases – by 54 %. Treatment by MAH affected the germination of bulbs by 98 %. Based on the obtained results, a correlation analysis was performed and the linear dependence of the weight loss of winter garlic bulbs depending on the peculiarities of the storage method was establishe
Influence of adding wild berry powders on the quality of pasta products
Get PDFPasta is a popular food item among consumers all over the world. They have high energy value, low cost and long shelf life. However, the biological value of these products is quite low. Adding components rich in dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals to their composition will significantly improve their nutritional value. The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibility of producing pasta with the addition of derivatives from the processing of wild berries Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Hippophae rhamnoides L., which have a rich nutrient composition and are available raw materials. The technology, developed in the work for processing berries by osmotic dehydration, allows the use of gentle drying modes, which contributes to the maximum preservation of their biological value. Sensory evaluation of pasta was carried out according to the Croatian Official Methods, moisture content of pasta was determined by drying to constant weight. Sensory analysis of pasta showed that the addition of powders does not lead to a deterioration in their quality. Their appearance, taste, smell, shape and elasticity are improved. The quality of the pasta samples, containing 5 % of the powder, was determined as “good” according to the results of the evaluation of the tasting group. And the samples with a powder content of 10 % have a "high" quality. The addition of powders has practically no effect on the drying conditions and moisture content of the finished products. With the addition of Viburnum opulus powders, the moisture content is reduced compared to controls. Humidity of all samples is within the permissible limits, which indicates their resistance to storag
Medical and biological studies of meat polycomponent products based on regional raw materials
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the study of the medical and biological safety of consumption of multicomponent meat-rich semi-finished products and semi-smoked sausage. When creating functional products, the approach of multi-ingredient modeling of the future product is applied according to the principle of adding nutritional and biological value. The multi-component nature of the constituent ingredients with different chemical composition makes it possible to obtain products with specified characteristics. There is a problem of ensuring the food safety of the developed product during production, storage and consumption of finished products.
The purpose of the study was to study the effect of the developed meat-containing polycomponent semi-finished products and semi-smoked sausage on the growth dynamics and the level of metabolic processes of experimental rats when they are introduced into the standard diets of animals in the amount of 30 %. The work was performed on 36 white non-linear rats weighing 160–200 g.
Medical and biological studies of multicomponent meat-containing products have shown their absence of a negative effect on the growth and development of animals, the level of metabolic processes during the growth period.
It has been established, that feeding rats with meat-rich polycomponent products in the amount of 30 % of the standard diet increases the live weight of rats by 33–38 % within 3 weeks. Anatomopathological changes in the internal organs of the experimental rats were not detected.
The inclusion of meat-rich multicomponent products in the diet of rats promotes the strengthening of hematological processes in the body, increases the concentration of erythrocytes in the blood to 8.01±0.11·1012/l, which is 12.7 % higher, compared to the control animals, increases the hemoglobin content in erythrocytes by 45.83–58.33 % higher, compared to the control animals.
It has been proven, that the consumption of meat-containing multicomponent products by rats leads to an increase in the concentration of total protein by 4.79 %, hemoglobin by 42.12 %, and creatinine by 19.68 %. Enhanced protein synthesis due to intensification of catabolism leads to an increase in bilirubin concentration by 19.12–21.97 % compared to the control rat
Determination of the species structure of phytocenoses of the natural age oak forest of the Dendrological Park "Olexandria" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Get PDFThe modern species composition of woody plants of the centuries-old oak grove of the State Dendrological Park "Olexandria" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was studied.
The work was carried out as part of the study of the dynamics of stands of oak phytocenoses under conditions of anthropogenic load, technogenic pollution and weather fluctuations.
It has been established that the oak grove of the arboretum with an area of 446 hectares out of 2000 oaks is a complex multi-species planting. The floristic core of the oak forest consists of the main forest-forming species characteristic of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: Quercus robur, Acer platanoides L. and Acer campestre L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill., Carpinus betulus L., Ulmus scabra Mill. The role of the dominant species and edificator was retained by Quercus robur. In the worst growing conditions, monodominant stands are formed. In more favorable ecotopes in the upper tree layer, the participation of Quercus robur is 70–100 %, and its codominant satellites (Acer platanoides, Tilia cordata, Fraxinus excelsior) are 10 % each. All oak forest phytocenoses have a well-developed multi-species second tree layer: Acer platanoides (15–80 % in various phytocenoses), Acer campestre (10–30 %), Tilia cordata (10–60 %), in some phytocenoses Fraxinus excelsior (10–20 %), Ulmus scabra (10–20 %), Carpinus betulus (30 %).
The group of asectators is diverse and is represented by small species, local and adventive species, introducers, including invasive species.
A characteristic feature of the oak forest is its exorbitant crushing, which, along with the massive introduction of introduced species, caused a powerful ecotonization of the oak forest and formed the cells of the greatest mortality of Quercus robur.
The conducted studies establish the modern species composition of the oak forest and are the basis for the study of succession processes in oak forest phytocenoses
Evaluation of cytotoxic activity of live toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic potency of live Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as well as Toxoplasma antigen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer cell lines are considered an essential preliminary step towards in-vitro investigation of the potential antineoplastic impact of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites are noticeably under investigation, considering their potential antineoplastic activity. Some have attained a steady position in the clinical field as hepatitis B virus, human papilloma virus and BCG immunization. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite with promising antineoplastic activity. In this study, live Toxoplasma tachyzoites provoked a direct cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 in a dose dependent manner, while Toxoplasma antigen didn’t induce such impact.
Skipping the direct cytotoxic effect of Toxoplasma antigen doesn’t totally divert the possible antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma antigen. Potential alternative immune mediated mechanisms could be an alternative. Further in-vivo studies in different cancer models are mandatory to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antineoplastic activity of Toxoplasma gondi
Resource-saving melon processing technology
Get PDFThe object of the study is the fruits of melon. The problem is the crop that remains in the fields. The article provides an overview of technologies for the processing of melons, and studies of the authors are given. On the basis of these studies, technological schemes for the production and formulation of such products as jam, jam, confiture, blended juices, vegetable oil from melon seeds were proposed and justified. Optimal additives and ways of introducing pectin into them are determined. The presence in finished products of vitamins of group B, vitamin C, β-carotene, almost all essential amino acids, micro- and macroelements, the content of which does not noticeably decrease during storage under the optimal conditions established by us. Studies have been carried out on the selection of an extractant and the determination of the optimal parameters for extraction, isolation, neutralization and drying of pectin from melon peel. As a result, pectin was obtained with a degree of esterification of 67...69 %, a jelly-forming ability of more than 170 degrees of Tarr Baker, and a jelly strength of about 460 mm H