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Seconds couteaux : les personnages secondaires d’antagonistes chez Tolkien et Rowling
No full textLes succès littéraires mondiaux du Seigneur des Anneaux et de Harry Potter ont marqué un tournant dans l’histoire du genre de la fantasy. J.R.R. Tolkien et J.K. Rowling ont imaginé et établi des univers fictionnels riches devenus cultes et particulièrement plébiscités par le jeune public. Les recherches menées jusqu’à présent sur les personnages de ces univers portent principalement sur les protagonistes et les antagonistes principaux, représentants symboliques de l’opposition entre le Bien et le Mal. Émettant l’hypothèse que l’ensemble des personnages issus des univers de Tolkien et Rowling, non seulement les personnages principaux mais aussi les personnages secondaires, a particulièrement contribué à leur succès, ce mémoire vise à présenter et à analyser les personnages secondaires d’antagonistes Grima Langue de Serpent, Bellatrix Lestrange et Peter Pettigrow, considérés comme des « seconds couteaux ». Cette recherche met ainsi davantage en lumière les figures de l’ombre, partisantes du Mal absolu afin de comprendre les motivations qui les ont incitées à se ranger de son côté et à agir pour lui. Elle se divise en trois axes : la première partie se concentre sur les portraits physiques et moraux, relevant de l’animalisation, ainsi que sur les comportements similaires qu’entretiennent ces personnages. La seconde partie observe le dévouement et la fascination de ces personnages portés à l’égard des Seigneurs des Ténèbres issus des deux univers. Quant à la troisième partie, elle se focalise sur la déchéance de ces personnages voués à un destin tragique
Building a Wastewater Network Graph and Detecting Anomalies from Inspection Videos
No full textInternational audienceThe management of wastewater networks is essential to ensure optimal hydraulic modeling. However, data on wastewater systems, usually represented in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are often incomplete. Other sources of information are thus required to complete them. Among the potential sources, pipe inspection videos-traditionally used for maintenance and detecting issues, such as structural degradation, offer valuable, underexploited information. This article goes in this direction and proposes to take advantage of these inspection videos to extract the structure of wastewater networks, represented here in the form of graphs. For this, we propose automatic detection mechanisms of the different annotations associated with the inspection videos. These annotations contain enough information to construct a graph of the wastewater networks.Regular expressions and text recognition tools, based on optical character recognition (OCR), are used to extract manholes identifiers, water flow direction in pipelines, as well as other useful information to determine the geographical positions of wastewater network objects. In addition to the topological reconstruction, effective management also requires assessing the condition of each pipeline segment within the graph structure. To this end, we employ deep learning models-specifically, the Swin Transformer and MobileNetV2, for detecting anomalies and assessing pipe integrity. Experiments conducted on real-world data validate the effectiveness of our approach, underscoring its potential to improve both wastewater network management and hydraulic modeling accuracy
Synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic removal of hexavalent chromium and direct red 23 dye using porous magnetic hydroxyapatite-metakaolin geopolymer granules doped with TiO<sub>2</sub>
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents a novel approach to addressing challenges of photocatalysy by TiO₂ powder and the adsorption of anionic pollutants by geopolymers (GP) through the development of granules based on hydroxyapatite-geopolymer (HAP-MK-GP) materials. The synthesized HAP-MK-GP/Fe₃O₄-TiO₂ granules exhibit promising physicochemical properties, including a high porosity of 0.25 cm³ /g, a specific surface area of 106.59 m²/g, notable magnetic behavior (saturation magnetization of 18.89 emu/g), and strong mechanical integrity (compressive strength of 1.63 MPa). The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data for Direct Red 23 (DR23) dye and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) conformed to the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 15.23 mg/g for DR23 and 36.06 mg/g for Cr(VI) under the following conditions: pH of 3, temperature of 21°C, adsorbent dosages of 4 g/L for DR23 and 2 g/L for Cr(VI), and initial pollutant concentrations of 100 mg/L. Under UV irradiation, the granules demonstrated high photocatalytic efficiency for DR23 degradation, achieving removal rates exceeding 95 % under optimized conditions: pH of 3, temperature of 21°C, 4 g/L of dose, and . Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) confirmed the generation of reactive radicals (•OH and O₂•⁻), crucial for photocatalytic activity. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses corroborated the significant mineralization of DR23 dye. These findings underscore the potential of HAP-MK-GP/Fe₃O₄-TiO₂ granules as a highly efficient dual-function photocatalyst-adsorbent material for wastewater treatment applications
Concepts issus de la TSD pour le formateur et en formation dans les travaux de la COPIRELEM
No full textInternational audienceL'objectif de cet atelier est d'interroger la manière selon laquelle des concepts issus de la théorie des situations didactiques (TSD), plus ou moins développés et explicités, peuvent servir de points d'appui pour la formation des professeurs des écoles. Pour ce faire, nous présentons un cadre d'analyse qui mobilise des concepts de la TSD et nous le mettons en oeuvre sur une situation de formation emblématique des situations développées par la COPIRELEM, la situation Concertum (Péault et Butlen, 2003)
HackuLoop - An open-science project to create open-source real-time Hardware-In-The-Loop micro-grid systems
No full textNational audienceThis article documents the results of a hackathon focused on developing grid-forming and grid-following inverters. The event highlighted innovation and collaboration in the field of power electronics. This document provides an overview of the objectives, methodologies, and outcomes of the hackathon, along with lessons learned and future directions
Performance of monodiglycerides in bakery: Effect of their physicochemical characteristics on soft-bread attributes
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Evidence for Methylaluminoxane (MAO) Molecular Structure and Reactivity from Ultra-High Magnetic Field 27Al MAS NMR Spectroscopy Combined with DFT Calculations.
No full textInternational audienceThe structure and reactivity of methylaluminoxane (MAO), a reagent of major interest for olefin polymerization, both industrially and academically, has been probed using ultrahigh magnetic field solid-state NMR (28.2 T, 1200 MHz for 1H Larmor frequency). High resolution methods combined with density functional calculations allowed for the identification and quantification of five major aluminum sites, providing precise information on the structure of MAO at the molecular level. Based on reactivity studies with THF and [ZrCp2Me2], the main reactive centers are identified as bismethyl aluminum species stabilized via a bridging methyl group from a neighboring Al center, featuring both high chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling constants (162 ppm and 27.4 MHz, respectively). This approach demonstrates the ability to monitor the chemistry of MAO with unprecedented precision, enabling a state-of-the-art understanding of its structure and reactivity
Thermodynamics of the metallic fission products: An assessment of the Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru-Tc system
No full textInternational audienceIn irradiated nuclear fuel, Mo, Pd, Rh, Ru and Tc are abundant fission products that form metallic precipitates known as “white phases”. The thermodynamic properties of these alloys are of interest to better predict their thermochemical interactions under operational, accidental, and fuel reprocessing conditions.In this context, a new thermodynamic assessment of the Mo-Pd-Rh-Ru-Tc system was conducted by means of the Calphad method. The modelling was supported by new experimental phase diagram data and new thermodynamic properties from first principles calculations. The Mo-Pd and Mo-Rh binary systems were investigated using thermal analyses (DTA + thermal arrest) and metallographic analyses. The σ-phase extension in Mo-Pd-Ru and Mo-Rh-Ru ternary systems was also considered. The binary mixing enthalpy of bcc, fcc and hcp phases was calculated by combining random phase (SQS) with DFT calculation, complemented by ternary mixing enthalpy of the bcc and fcc phases. The formation enthalpy of some compounds and end-members were determined through DFT calculations
Counting and Reasoning with Plans
No full textInternational audienceClassical planning asks for a sequence of operators reaching a given goal. While the most common case is to compute a plan, many scenarios require more than that. However, quantitative reasoning on the plan space remains mostly unexplored. A fundamental problem is to count plans, which relates to the conditional probability on the plan space. Indeed, qualitative and quantitative approaches are well-established in various other areas of automated reasoning. We present the first study to quantitative and qualitative reasoning on the plan space. In particular, we focus on polynomially bounded plans. On the theoretical side, we study its complexity, which gives rise to rich reasoning modes. Since counting is hard in general, we introduce the easier notion of facets, which enables understanding the significance of operators. On the practical side, we implement quantitative reasoning for planning. Thereby, we transform a planning task into a propositional formula and use knowledge compilation to count different plans. This framework scales well to large plan spaces, while enabling rich reasoning capabilities such as learning pruning functions and explainable planning
Synthesis and Post-Functionalization of New Polyurethanes From Glycerol Monoether
No full textInternational audienceA new polyurethane with unsaturated pendent chains is described and chemically derivatized. By employing the palladium-catalyzed 1,3-butadiene telomerization reaction with solketal followed by a deprotection step of the ketal group using sulfonic acid resins, a diol derived from glycerol was prepared in pure form. The resulting diol was used as a comonomer and polymerized with either toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) under controlled conditions in DMF, yielding polyurethanes (PUs) with molecular weights ranging from 6500 to 34,000 g/mol. The study shows that the PUs' characteristics are significantly influenced by the NCO/OH ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction medium. Thermal analyses indicate that TDI-based PUs exhibit higher glass transition temperatures compared to HMDI-based PUs. Furthermore, hydroformylation reactions were performed to convert the double bonds of the PU side chains introduced thanks to the telomerization reaction into pending aldehyde groups. The newly synthesized PUs were characterized using 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, confirming the successful formation and functionalization of the polymers