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In vitro evaluation of chicory-induced modulation of intestinal health in weaning piglets: approach combining gastrointestinal digestion, dialysis, and batch fermentation with a triple cell culture model.
No full textInternational audienc
Optimizing salt tolerance in carob plants (Ceratonia siliqua L.) by cultivating in association with the halophyte Spergularia salina
No full textInternational audienceSalinity poses a major challenge to agriculture, underscoring the urgent need to find alternative solutions. Exploiting halophytic plants represents a promising biological adaptation to this challenge. This article presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of the association between Ceratonia siliqua and the halophytic plant Spergularia salina in counteracting the effects of saline stress. The study was conducted in a greenhouse for two months. Carob seeds were scarified and planted at the age of 6 months in pots. Four levels of NaCl concentration were applied: 0 mM/L (non-saline control), 85 mM/L, 171 mM/L, and 257 mM/L. Spergularia salina was co-cultivated with the carob plants at concentrations of 171 mM/L and 257 mM/L. The findings revealed that salt adversely affected the growth of carob plants. Growth reduction was more pronounced at higher concentrations of NaCl (reductions of 19%, 25%, and 56% respectively at salt concentrations of 85 mM/L, 171 mM/L, and 257 mM/L). Growth in the presence of Spergularia salina mitigated the negative consequences of salt stress on the carob. Ceratonia siliqua co-cultivated with Spergularia salina had the highest growth rate, better water content, and improved photosynthesis. Association cultivation showed that carob plants did not exhibit signs of stress in fact, proline, total sugars, and polyphenol concentrations were low compared to plants cultivated without halophytic plants, indicating better adaptation to saline stress. These results highlight the promising potential of association in saline-prone soils, planting carob when halophytic plants are present, particularly with Spergularia salina, this helps agriculture cope with climate change
Revealing the mechanism of electrokinetic remediation for lead-contaminated clayey soil by using molecular dynamics simulations
No full textInternational audienc
Ex situ characterization of the precursors of incipient nanoparticles in a laminar diffusion flame of ethylene
No full textInternational audienceDetailed information on the chemical and physical properties of the precursors of incipient carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in flame combustion provides clues on the reaction pathways for CNP formation and growth. Therefore, this data is needed by the modeling community who seeks to understand inception at a fundamental level. However, identifying and isolating the precursors in a reactive environment at high temperature remains a challenging task. The present work reports a multi-diagnostic approach to identify the molecular species involved in the inception of CNPs based on the comparative analysis of surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy), chemical composition (time of flight secondary ions mass spectrometry), chemical state (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and structure (Raman spectroscopy) of samples extracted from a nitrogen-diluted ethylene laminar diffusion flame stabilized on a Yale burner. Statistical analysis enables the reduction of the pool of species to be considered by showing, for instance, that large polyaromatic molecules are not required for the CNP inception to occur. Several low m/z species are identified as likely candidates that are consistent with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives. Among them, this work stresses the importance of species slightly above the curve representing the maximally condensed aromatics and of non-benzenoid PAHs (containing 5-member aromatic rings for instance). This new experimental evidence reveals trends consistent with the “combined physical and chemical inception” group of hypotheses, according to which small clusters (typically dimers) of PAHs initially bound by physical forces are rapidly stabilized by the formation of C–C covalent bonds according to various postulated mechanisms (extended HACA, spin localization)
Conversion Rate Optimization at Quantor Networks: Leveraging A/B Testing
No full textThe Case Centre, case study 525-0070-1, teaching note 525-0070-8In 2024, Mark, Digital Marketing Manager at Quantor Networks - a B2B provider of IT security solutions - faced growing pressure to deliver results. Recent digital advertising campaigns had successfully driven relevant traffic to the company's website. But there was a problem: while traffic increased substantially, conversions of visitors into leads did not. With customer acquisition costs rising and his boss demanding answers, Mark needed to figure out what was going wrong. Identifying the website as the bottleneck, Mark began exploring conversion rate optimization (CRO). He realized he needed a more structured, evidence-based approach - not only to understand what was blocking conversions, but also to justify his proposed changes. Facing internal skepticism and high expectations, Mark turned to A/B testing to support his recommendations with real data. The case follows Mark as he shifts to a structured testing mindset. Students are tasked with helping him apply A/B testing more systematically - prioritizing elements to test, analyzing results for significance, and developing a roadmap for improving website performance beyond the initial test.2025
Secularity and migration aspirations in the Arab world
No full textInternational audienceThis study develops a new theoretical framework to explain how secularity influences migration aspirations in the Arab world. We argue that secular individuals incur significant psychological costs when living in highly religious societies. This value incongruence pushes them to seek out more secular environments, whereas strongly religious individuals face higher cultural costs of moving and thus prefer to stay. We derive testable hypotheses on how individual secularity and socio-political secularity act as pushpull factors for different communities and migration destinations. We then test these hypotheses using 20182019 Arab Barometer data from eleven MENA countries. We construct original indices for individual secularity and socio-political secularity via multiple correspondence analysis. Consistent with our theory, probit and instrumental-variable probit estimates show that secular individuals are significantly more likely to express intentions to emigrate particularly to highly secular Western countries. Among Muslim majority populations, both individual and socio-political secularity increase the desire to migrate, whereas among Christian minorities only individual secularity has this effect. Moreover, secularity drives regular migration aspirations, with no measurable impact on irregular migration except in the case of religiously unaffiliated “nones,” who exhibit a heightened willingness to migrate by any means. These findings contribute to the migration literature by emphasizing the substantial, yet previously underexplored, influence of secular beliefs and practices on migratory behavior in the Arab context
Evaluating the impact of export finance support on firm‐level export performance: Evidence from Pakistan
No full textInternational audienceThis paper evaluates the impact of two large export finance support schemes on firm‐level export performance. The Export Finance Scheme (EFS) and the Long‐Term Finance Facility for Plant & Machinery (LTFF) provide loans at subsidized interest rates for Pakistani exporters to finance working capital and the purchase of machinery and equipment, respectively. We combine customs data with information on firms' participation in each program between 2015 and 2017 and use matching combined with difference‐in‐differences to estimate the effect of the subsidies on firms' export values, the number of products exported and the number of destinations they serve. We find that both programs deliver a large and positive impact on export growth rates—primarily along the intensive margin—and do so in an effective way relative to the direct financial cost of the subsidies.Évaluation de l'incidence du soutien financier à l'exportation sur le résultat des exportations à l'échelle de l'entreprise : l'exemple du Pakistan . Cet article évalue l'impact de deux programmes massifs de soutien au financement des exportations sur la performance des exportations des entreprises. Le Programme de Financement des Exportations (EFS) et la Facilité de Financement à Long Terme pour les Usines et Machines (LTFF) fournissent des prêts à des taux d'intérêt avantageux aux exportateurs pakistanais pour financer le fonds de roulement et l'achat de machines et d'équipements respectivement. Nous combinons les données douanières avec des informations sur la participation des entreprises à chacun de ces programmes entre 2015 et 2017 et utilisons une méthode d'appariement combinée à une analyse en différences‐différences pour estimer l'effet des subventions sur les valeurs d'exportation des entreprises, le nombre de produits exportés et le nombre de destinations servies. Nous observons que les deux programmes ont un impact important et positif sur les taux de croissance des exportations – principalement sur la marge intensive – et ce, de manière efficace par rapport au coût financier direct des subvention
