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Freedom counts: Cross-country empirical evidence
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate whether people attach intrinsic value to freedom and which theoretical rules they implicitly employ to evaluate opportunity sets. To do this, we run a new survey-based study with 4,902 participants across 10 different countries. Participants face various comparisons of opportunity sets in a policy-relevant context in a “spectator” position. Our main result is that an overwhelming majority of spectators reveal that they attach intrinsic value to freedom. We also find that a large majority of participants use size-based rules to rank sets in terms of freedom, while there is considerable heterogeneity in the theoretical rules they implicitly employ to rank sets in terms of welfare. These results are strikingly robust across countries
Epitaxial 2D HfSe2 Semiconductor/TaSe2 Metal van der Waals Heterostructure
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The discovery of pozzolanic properties of calcined clays in the late 1700s in France and the technologies associated with its activation
No full textInternational audienceThe current trend towards the use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials might lead to the feeling that this technology is a recent development. However, the description of their pozzolanic properties, along with the ways to burn them correctly, dates back from the first half of the nineteenth century, within the industrial revolution-the preliminary idea was even published in 1787. In France, the famous chemist Louis Vicat made seminal descriptions of the type of clays involved and understood the chemistry behind the phenomenon. It gave rise to the use of the term "artificial pozzolan
« Authorship, Authorization, and Authority, in Medieval First-Person Narratives : Some Introductory Remarks », p. 1-24
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Réagir à l'actualité après Juillet. Des combats du temps passé ?
No full textInternational audienceThis article studies the evolution of Chateaubriand’s relationship to political news after the July Revolution. After choosing silence by leaving the Chamber of Peers, he spoke out again to defend the Bourbons during the years 1831-1833. But his legitimist positions were no longer relevant, and he attracted much criticism. Considered anachronistic, his fight placed him on the border between actuality and History.Cet article étudie l’évolution du rapport de Chateaubriand à l’actualité politique après la révolution de Juillet. Après avoir choisi le silence en quittant la Chambre des pairs, il reprend la parole pour défendre les Bourbons au cours des années 1831-1833. Mais ses prises de position légitimistes ne sont plus d’actualité, et il s’attire de nombreuses critiques. Considéré comme anachronique, son combat le situe à la frontière entre actualité et Histoire
"Léo Burckart" et l'imaginaire du tribunal secret à l'âge romantique
No full textInternational audienceDuring their trip to Germany in 1838, Dumas and Nerval collected information on German secret societies, and in particular on the Vehmic court, a secret court that appeared in Westphalia in the 13th century. In Léo Burckart, the reference to this unofficial institution is part of a more general reflection on political assassination.Lors de leur voyage en Allemagne en 1838, Dumas et Nerval collectent des informations sur les sociétés secrètes allemandes, et notamment sur la Sainte-Vehme, tribunal secret apparu en Westphalie au XIIIe siècle. Dans Léo Burckart, la référence à cette institution officieuse s’intègre dans une réflexion plus générale sur l’assassinat politique
FastFound: Easing the ASP Bottleneck via Predicate-Decoupled Grounding
No full textInternational audienceThe grounding bottleneck in Answer Set Programming prohibits large instances from being solved. This is caused by a combinatorial explosion in the grounding phase of standard ground&solve systems. A promising alternative is Body-Decoupled Grounding (BDG), which grounds each body predicate on its own. However, BDG faces challenges in terms of worst-case grounding size and limited interoperability with other systems. This paper addresses shortcomings of BDG by introducing FastFound: an alternative foundedness check that significantly reduces grounding sizes, by grounding each predicate on its own. FastFound’s foundedness check is done implicitly, which leads to a quadratic reduction in grounding size. We start by introducing FastFound for tight normal rules, where we observe that this cannot be substantially improved. Then we extend FastFound to head-cycle-free programs and give novel interoperability results for full disjunctive programs. An experimental evaluation on our prototype shows promising results, as we solve more grounding-heavy tasks than both standard ground&solve systems and BDG
Reasoning with Restricted Statistical Statements in Probabilistic Answer Set Programming: Complexity and Algorithms
No full textInternational audienceStatistical statements are an expressive tool for representing statistical information of a domain of interest. Recently, these statements were given a meaning in the context of Probabilistic Answer Set Programming (PASP), allowing one to encode properties like "x% of elements of a domain have the feature y". Although the computational complexity of different tasks in PASP is well known, the complexity of restricted programs composed only of statistical statements and probabilistic facts has not been studied. As a first contribution, we address this problem, confirming that even in seemingly restricted cases the complexity is high. Indeed, even with this restriction we do not lose expressiveness, reaching higher levels of the polynomial hierarchy. To mitigate these high complexities, we focus on the structure of the programs. Thereby, we design novel structure-guided reductions, demonstrating how one can efficiently answer queries along treewidth decompositions. We obtain precise upper bounds and we show that under reasonable assumptions in complexity theory we cannot significantly improve, as we give matching lower bounds
Automated Hybrid Grounding Using Structural and Data-Driven Heuristics
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The grounding bottleneck poses one of the key challenges that hinders the widespread adoption of answer set programming in industry. Hybrid grounding is a step in alleviating the bottleneck by combining the strength of standard bottom-up grounding with recently proposed techniques where rule bodies are decoupled during grounding. However, it has remained unclear when hybrid grounding shall use body-decoupled grounding (BDG) and when to use standard bottom-up grounding. In this paper, we address this issue by developing automated hybrid grounding: we introduce a splitting algorithm based on data-structural heuristics that detects when to use BDG and when standard grounding is beneficial. We base our heuristics on the structure of rules and an estimation procedure that incorporates the data of the instance. The experiments conducted on our prototypical implementation demonstrate promising results, which show an improvement on hard-to-ground scenarios, whereas on hard-to-solve instances, we approach state-of-the-art performance
Machine learning-driven discovery of bioactive peptides from duckweed (Lemnaceae) protein hydrolysates: Identification and experimental validation of 20 novel antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and/or antioxidant peptides
No full textInternational audienceDuckweed, a sustainable, protein-rich aquatic plant, has recently emerged as a promising source of bioactive peptides. However, their identification remains limited and challenging in such complex mixtures. Following duckweed hydrolysis with pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin and papain, and a centrifugation step producing two fractions: supernatant (DS) and pellet (DP), interesting half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition were obtained for DS fractions, especially with pepsin (IC50 = 0.7 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively). Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) combined with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, five new DPP-IV inhibitors (most active: API, IC50 = 126.88 μM), eleven new ACE inhibitors (most active: FAR, IC50 = 13.54 μM) and four new antioxidants (>200 μM) were identified. Two sequences were active across all three tested bioactivities, revealing promising multi-target peptides. These findings highlight the potential of duckweed-derived peptides to support health and metabolic balance