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Une entrée dans la géométrie plane de 6 ème par la reproduction de figures
No full textCe texte s’adresse principalement aux professeurs de collège et à leurs formateurs. Il rassemble des exemples analysés de situations permettant d’aborder tout le programme de géométrie plane de sixième à partir de reproductions de figures, avec des instruments de tracé géométrique bien choisis (instruments matériels mais les logiciels de tracé peuvent intervenir aussi) sous certaines conditions (choix des figures, des instruments, des conditions de reproduction et de validation) qui sont détaillées dans chaque cas. Ces situations de reproduction de figures ont, pour la plupart été produites entre 1999 et 2010 par un groupe de recherche de l’IUFM Nord-Pas-de-Calais dont j’étais responsable ou par le LéA qui a prolongé ce groupe entre 2014 et 2020. Elles visent l’entrée des élèves dans la géométrie en enrichissant la vision naturelle des figures comme dessin par la recherche de lignes permettant de les construire avec des instruments qui traduisent des propriétés géométriques. L’objectif visé est d’aider les élèves à passer du tracé d’une figure matérielle avec des instruments à un objet géométrique qui la modélise en concevant des instruments de tracé (hors instruments de mesure) qui n’ont qu’une fonction (par exemple tracer une droite ou reporter une longueur) et en reliant tracé avec cet instrument et concept géométrique correspondant. Il ne s’agit pas d’une progression clés en main mais d’une ressource pour aider les professeurs à construire leur propre progression. Seules les grandes lignes des situations sont données avec parfois quelques indications pour la mise en œuvre en classe
Legislature Size does Matter for Public Spending: Causal Evidence and Mechanisms at Work
No full textThe impact of the legislature size on public spending is still discussed and empirical results are mixed. To tackle the endogeneity issue and properly address the question, we take advantage of two exogenous variations in the French municipal council to infer causality instead of simple correlation. First, for the smallest cities, the council size has dropped from 9 to 7 in 2014, forming a natural experiment which can be analyzed using a difference-in-difference strategy. Second, we rely on the law establishing that council size is a deterministic step function of municipal population size. We exploit the induced discontinuity around population thresholds. Then we show that the council size is clearly a positive causal factor of municipal public spending. Investigating several potential mechanisms explaining the causal link, we find that the relationship is driven by both electoral and political issues, and is not channeled by a lower control over either councilors by voters or bureaus by councilors
Falling Asleep on the Job: The Efficacy of a Short App‐Based Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality and Quantity Within the Workforce
No full texte70017International audienceQuality sleep is among the most important determinants of psychological and physical well‐being. Insufficient sleep quality and quantity directly affect individuals; in turn, they indirectly affect the productivity, viability and safety of workplaces. Sleep issues also represent a global health concern for people and workplaces around the world. In addition to pharmaceutical aids, effective and accessible interventions need to address the underlying problems, as might be achieved by behavioural therapies or structured, cognitive interventions like mindfulness‐based programs. The time intensity and relatively high costs of such tactics has limited their widespread adoption though. With a sample of 606 full‐time working adults, the current study tests the potential effectiveness of a short, inexpensive, app‐based, self‐help mindfulness meditation programme for promoting sleep quality and quantity. Using a longitudinal randomised experimental design, the authors compared the utility of a 10‐day mindfulness programme with a passive control group, as well as with an active control group that engaged in 10 days of mind‐wandering exercises. Sleep benefits emerged immediately after the 10‐day intervention but seemingly wore off about three months later. Acknowledging the interactions between sleep, depression and anxiety, we also measured the two latter variables. We also find that the intervention was effective on depression, but not on anxiety. These insights offer implications for both research and practice
Predicting viscoelastic behavior and crack propagation in EPDM rubber under long-term thermal aging
No full textInternational audienc
Deep learning-based identification of hydrogen embrittlement-affected fracture surfaces and estimation of hydrogen diffusivity
No full textInternational audienc
5-DIMENSIONAL MINIMAL QUADRATIC AND BILINEAR FORMS OVER FUNCTION FIELDS OF CONICS
No full textOver a field of characteristic 2, we give a complete classification of quadratic and bilinear forms of dimension 5 that are minimal over the function field of an arbitrary conic. This completes the unique known case due to Faivre concerning the classification of minimal quadratic forms of dimension 5 and type (2, 1) over function fields of nonsingular conics.</div
Characterization and modeling of the "Joint Oxyde-Gaine" and the corrosion of the inner clad in Fast Reactor Fuels
No full textInternational audienc
Protective Effects of Extracts from Green Leaves and Rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood–Brain Barrier
No full textInternational audienceAs an endemic species, Posidonia oceanica is extensively distributed and commonly found throughout the Mediterranean region. This study aimed to explore new natural agents capable of preserving the integrity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) under inflammatory stress. Using an in vitro BBB model, we evaluated the antiinflammatory and protective effects of aqueous extracts from green leaves (GLEs) and rhizomes (REs) of P. oceanica. Our results show that GLEs and REs reduce nitric oxide production and inflammatory markers while preserving the structural cohesion of the endothelial barrier. Since BBB integrity is essential for brain homeostasis and its disruption contributes to various neurological diseases, these findings suggest that P. oceanica's extracts may represent promising candidates for further research on strategies to prevent or mitigate neuroinflammatory disorders.</div
How to tractably compute a productive repair for possibilistic partially ordered DL-Lite_R ontologies?
No full textInternational audienceThe lightweight description logic dialect DL-Lite_R offers a framework for specifying and reasoning with formal inconsistent ontologies. Basically, an ontology is a knowledge base composed of a TBox, modelling conceptual knowledge of some domain of interest, and an ABox, asserting factual knowledge about specific entities of the domain. Inconsistency in an ontology is usually handled by evaluating queries over maximal conflict-free subsets of the ABox, called data repairs. Several inconsistency-tolerant semantics, with different levels of cautiousness and computational cost, propose strategies for selecting the repairs to consider when deriving new conclusions from an inconsistent ontology. In this paper, we focus on partially ordered ontologies where a partial order relation captures the reliability levels of the ABox elements. We propose a new tractable method, called “Cπ-repair”, which leverages possibility theory in repairing a partially ordered ABox. It proceeds in four steps as follows. First, the partial order relation is extended into a family of total orders, thus inducing as many compatible totally ordered ABoxes. Second, a single repair is computed for each compatible ABox. Third, these repairs are closed deductively in order to improve their productivity, i.e., to derive more facts. Finally, the closed repairs are intersected to produce a single repair for the initial partially ordered ABox. The main contribution of this paper is an equivalent characterization that determines the validity of the conclusions drawn with the “Cπ-repair” method, but without eliciting the compatible ABoxes or computing their repairs. This allows us to establish the tractability of the method by reformulating the problem using the notions of support for an assertion and dominance over the conflicts that arise between the ABox elements. Essentially, the valid conclusions are those derived from the supports that dominate all conflicts. In the last part of the paper, we explore the rationality properties of our method. We show that increasing repair productivity does not alter the satisfaction of the rationality properties. We also discuss the applicability of our proposed method to languages richer than DL-Lite_R and to other inconsistency-tolerant semantics
Plastics used in agriculture and for food: uses, properties and impacts. Extended report of the collective scientific assessment
No full textThis document is the report of the collective scientific assessment (CSA) requested and funded by theFrench Agency for ecological transition (ADEME), the French Ministry of agriculture and foodsovereignty, and the French Ministry for the ecological transition, biodiversity, forests, marine affairs andfisheries. The report of the CSA was conducted by a group of scientific experts without prior approvalby the funders, INRAE or the CNRS