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Intelectin-1 promotes granulosa cells proliferation and modulates apoptosis via ERK1/2, AKT, and insulin receptor signaling pathways in Large White and Meishan pigs
No full textInternational audienceMaintaining the proper balance between granulosa cells (Gc) proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for folliculogenesis and female fertility. Our previous study showed expression of omentin-1 (intelectin-1, ITLN1) in the porcine ovarian follicles; however, its impact on Gc functions remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the in vitro effects of ITLN1 on Gc proliferation and apoptosis in Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS) pigs. These breeds were chosen due to their distinct reproductive characteristics: MS pigs are known for maintaining a higher number of follicles during the follicular phase and exhibiting greater estradiol synthesis compared to LW pigs. Porcine Gc were incubated with ITLN1 (10-100 ng/mL) for 24-72 h, and the viability/ proliferation (alamarBlue/BrdU assays), cell cycle progression (flow cytometry) and the gene and protein expression of proliferation/apoptotic markers (PCNA, cyclins A1, B2, D1, E1, caspases-3,-9, BCL-2, BAX, FAS, FADD, XIAP) (real-time PCR, western blotting) were assessed. Next, the effect of ITLN1 on the phosphorylation of several kinases (AKT, AMPK, ERK1/2, STAT3, PKA) and the gene and protein expression of the insulin receptor (INSR) were studied (real-time PCR, western blotting). Then, using pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD98059, 5 mu M), AKT (LY294002, 10 mu M) and INSR (1 mu M), treated alone or with ITLN1 (S961, 50 ng/mL), we analyzed its involvement in the effects of ITLN1 on Gc proliferation/apoptosis. We demonstrated that ITLN1 had a mitogenic effect on Gc by enhancing cell cycle progression and modulating the levels of PCNA, cyclins and apoptotic factors via ERK1/2, AKT, and INSR, suggesting that ITLN1 is a newly identified regulator in ovarian folliculogenesis, regardless of the fatness degree of pigs
Identification des paramètres d'un modèle hyperélastique par indentation instrumentée et apprentissage par variété
No full textInternational audienceAn identification method based on manifold learning is applied to ascertain parameters of the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic model from experimental indentation curves. The methodology is experienced on two different materials, an unfilled natural rubber and a filled silicone rubber. The identifications obtained from indentation experiments are compared with those obtained from representative macroscopic tests, showing a good agreement. As expected, it appears that the methodology is sensitive to experimental variation resulting from factors such as the surface roughness or the presence of fillers in the tested material. Therefore, to control the surface roughness, a surface preparation protocol for the silicone rubber is presented. Moreover, a numerical treatment of the curves is developed to reduce the influence of surface roughness, leading to a significant reduction of the identification dispersion for the roughest tested surface. The impacts of the aforementioned experimental factors are further discussed based on existing literature and the development of a numerical model that reproduces the indentation test on a rough surface
Prescribing and Dispensing of Oral Isotretinoin and Noncompliance with Recommendations in France before and during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted care organization in France, likely changing the use of oral isotretinoin and worsening noncompliance with recommendations. We described the number of dispensations of isotretinoin, use of teleconsultation, and noncompliance with recommendations, before and during the COVID period.Methods: This nationwide cohort included all subjects with isotretinoin dispensation between 2019 and 2022, using data from the French Health Data System (SNDS). The pre-COVID period corresponded to 2019, and the COVID period to 2020, 2021, and 2022. The first lockdown took place between March and May 2020. We calculated the relative change in the number of total and first dispensations and the difference in the percentage of teleconsultation and noncompliance with recommendations, including treatment initiation by dermatology specialists, prescription renewal, and pregnancy testing (PT), for each month, using 2019 as the reference. PT compliance was assessed in women aged 11-50 years.Results: A total of 2,020,624 dispensations were identified between 2019 and 2022, including 18.1% of first dispensations. Compared with the pre-COVID period, the number of total dispensations decreased (April 2020: -12.6%; May 2020: -9.7%), as did the number of first dispensations (March 2020: -18.3%; April 2020: -37.6%). Nevertheless, the number of total and first dispensations increased over the other months. The teleconsultation rate was close to 0 in the pre-COVID period and increased by 21.8% in April 2020. Noncompliance with treatment initiations by dermatologists increased throughout the COVID period compared with the pre-COVID period (mean: 2.2%; range: -0.5% to 5.5%). Noncompliance with prescription renewal and PT increased during the first lockdown (April 2020: 8.9% and 9.5%, respectively), and tended to stabilize thereafter.Conclusions: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on isotretinoin use was mainly observed during the first lockdown. This study also highlights persistent noncompliance and the need to assess the new French communication actions
Preliminary effectiveness of the SKILLS program in reducing transdiagnostic symptoms: An exploratory study
No full textInternational audienc
Zinc Sensing with a Pyridine‐Based Lanthanide Contrast Agent: Structural Analysis in Aqueous Solution
No full textInternational audienceZinc is an important physiological cation, and its misregulation is implicated in various diseases. It is therefore important to be able to image zinc by non‐invasive methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel Gd3+-based complex specifically for Zn2+ sensing by MRI. Using a combination of NMR, luminescence, potentiometric, and relaxivity experiments, completed with DFT calculations, we demonstrate that incorporating a short linker between the Zn2+ sensing unit and the Gd3+ complex leads to unique behavior of the system in the absence of Zn2+. A significant increase in efficacy of the system is observed upon Zn2+ binding, and importantly, the complex is highly selective for Zn2+ relative to other physiological cations. A comprehensive structural study reliably determines the microscopic parameters at the origin of the Zn2+ response, primarily an increase in the number of water molecules directly coordinated to Gd3+ upon Zn2+ binding. Crucially, the system maintains a strong response to Zn2+ binding in the presence of Human Serum Albumin, highlighting its potential for biological applications
From tissue to subcellular level : imaging human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) to gain insight into pandemic bacterial or viral infections
No full textWe describe a method for the generation and deep imaging of human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). PCLS bridge the gap between in vivo and in vitro studies, providing a robust system for visualizing events from tissue to subcellular levels in the three-dimensional lung environment, with the preservation of all resident cell types and cell-cell interactions. They also constitute a validated model for studying host cell-pathogen interactions. Here, we detail the generation of human PCLS, followed by their infection and imaging by laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We establish the conditions for ex vivo infection and replication of two pathogens of relevance to human
Can fiscal rules improve banking system stability in developing countries?
No full textThis paper investigates the causal impact of fiscal rules on banking system stability in developing countries. Using a panel of 62 developing economies over the period 1990-2020, the authors assess whether adopting a fiscal rule contributes to reducing the level of non-performing loans, a key indicator of banking vulnerability. The analysis relies on entropy balancing to ensure covariates balance between treated and control groups. Results indicate that the adoption of fiscal rules significantly reduces the ratio of non-performing loans, with an average treatment effect of approximately 0.97 percentage points. The study identifies multiple transmission channels-sovereign credit ratings, income inequality reduction, and macroeconomic stabilization-through which fiscal rules indirectly strengthen banking stability. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect varies by the type and duration of the rule and by structural financial characteristics. This research contributes to the literature by extending the role of fiscal rules beyond debt and deficit control, framing them as institutional anchors for financial stability in fiscally and economically vulnerable contexts.</div
Multidimensional assessment of the potential of insects for sustainable agri-food systems
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents a multidimensional framework to evaluate the socioecological roles (SER) of insects in agrifood systems. Insects contribute to all four categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural, while also posing context-specific challenges. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we assessed 120 insect species across four dimensions: Productive Potential, Ecosystem Potential, Use, and Challenges. Unsupervised machine learning identified species clusters that provide useful insights for context-specific management strategies, including conservation, pest/vector control, wild gathering, and farming. While some species consistently perform well across dimensions, others require more localised or tailored approaches. Rather than offering definitive answers, this framework provides a starting point to support more adaptive and inclusive decision-making for sustainable insect use. It contributes to balancing productivity, biodiversity, and cultural relevance, while guiding future research and policy efforts aligned with agri-food system transformation and biodiversity goals
Centre-Val de Loire, Indre-et-Loire, Amboise, Rue Victor Hugo et Racine. Rapport de diagnostic archéologique
No full textPsychotherapy training in psychiatry: a systematic review on the early career psychiatrists’ interests and opportunities
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Background Psychotherapy plays a crucial role in mental healthcare. Integrating evidence-based practices into treatment guidelines highlights the need for basic psychotherapy competence in psychiatry training. While programs set minimum requirements for psychotherapy training in line with the recommendations of the World Psychiatric Association or accreditation bodies like the European Union of Medical Specialists, implementation is often inconsistent, and resources are limited. This systematic review explores early career psychiatrists’ (ECPs) views, interests, and available opportunities for psychotherapy training worldwide. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubPsych for survey-based studies on ECPs’ perspectives on psychotherapy training, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 31,281 studies screened, 48 articles were included. Quality assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment Checklist for Survey Studies on Psychology, and the findings were summarized through narrative synthesis. Results Included studies were from Europe (24, 50%), United States (12, 25%), Western Pacific (6, 12.5%), South-East Asia (4, 8.3%), Eastern Mediterranean (1, 2%), and Africa (1, 2%), with a total of 7,196 participants. Thirty-one studies on ECPs’ interest in psychotherapy training found that 57–80% were interested in psychotherapy, 67–92% viewed being a psychotherapist as part of their psychiatrist identity, and 88–97.7% supported its inclusion in psychiatry training. Training opportunities varied by country and institution, with cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic psychotherapy being primary modalities. Conclusion Improving psychiatrists’ access to evidence-based, culturally adapted psychotherapy training is essential. Educational activities offered by training institutions and professional organizations can play a key role in supporting ongoing professional development