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Défense au fond et fin de non-recevoir : à propos du moyen de défense opposé à la demande de fixation du prix du bail commercial renouvelé
No full textInternational audience(Civ. 3e, 30 mai 2024, no 22-16.447, R, publié au Bulletin ; D. actu. 12 juin 2024, obs. J.-D. Barbier et S. Valade ; D. 2024. 1015 ; ibid. 2180, chron. M.-L. Aldigé ; AJDI 2024. 614, obs. J.-P. Blatter ; ibid. 577, point de vue J.-P. Dumur ; JCP E 2024, no 1297, note C. Josse et P. Lemay ; RJDA 2024, no 10, p. 7, note M.-L. Aldigé ; Loyers et copr. 2024, no 122, obs. E. Marcet ; ibid. nov. 2024, chron. A. Lecourt, no 10 ; Defrénois 31 oct. 2024, p. 31, note L. Ruet ; Gaz. Pal. 3 sept. 2024, p. 50, note C.-E. Brault
Défense au fond et demande reconventionnelle
No full textInternational audience(Com. 6 mars 2024, no 22-14.083, RDBF 2024, no 90, obs. N. Mathey ; Civ. 3e, 7 nov. 2024, no 22-14.088, publié au Bulletin ; D. actu. 12 déc. 2024, obs. C. Selighini Grevilliot ; Civ. 1re, 18 déc. 2024, no 23-15.688, AJDI 2025. 132 ; ibid. 132 ; ibid. 133 ; ibid. 133 ; RDI 2025. 303, obs. J. Bruttin ; RDBF 2025, no 7, obs. N. Mathey ; Com. 12 mars 2025, no 23-10.883
Spatio-temporal diversity and genetic architecture of pyrantel resistance in Cylicocyclus nassatus, the most abundant horse parasite
No full textInternational audienceCyathostomins are a complex of 50 intestinal parasite species infecting horses and wild equids. The massive administration of modern anthelmintic drugs has increased their relative abundance in horse helminth communities and selected drug-resistant isolates worldwide. Cylicocyclus nassatus is the most prevalent and the most abundant species. The tedious identification and isolation of these worms have hampered studies of their biology that remain largely uncharacterised. Here we have leveraged ultra-low input sequencing protocols to build a reference genome for the most prevalent horse strongyle species. Using this resource, we have established the first estimates of its genetic diversity and population structure on a gradient ranging from Ukraine (close to modern horse domestication area) to North America, while capturing a 19th-century snapshot of C. nassatus diversity in Egypt. Our results support a diverse and lowly structured global population. Modern populations displayed lower nucleotide diversity relative to the old North African isolate. We identified the first genetic candidates upon which pyrantel (an anthelmintic drug used in companion animals) selection likely applied in field populations, highlighting previously suspected genes coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits, and identifying new candidates showing differential expression in independently evolved Caenorhabditis elegans lines. These results offer a first resource to widen current knowledge on cyathostomin biology, unravel novel aspects of pyrantel resistance mechanisms and provide candidate genes to track pyrantel resistance in the field
L'étudiant étranger en thèse d'archéologie préhistorique pourra être travailleur social
No full textInternational audienceNote sous Conseil d'Etat, 28 novembre 2024, no 485306 (sera mentionné aux tables du Lebon
Place des processus de co-conception pour favoriser l'innovation en systèmes porcs bio et plein air
No full textNational audienceAfin de répondre aux attentes des acteurs agricoles concernant l'élevage de demain, la mise en place de processus de co-conception pour développer des systèmes d’élevage innovants est prometteuse. Les filières porc biologique et plein air doivent sécuriser leurs modes de production alternatifs, caractérisés par un fort besoin d’innovation. Rassembler les parties prenantes permet de repenser les systèmes et pratiques en mobilisant l’intelligence collective. Dans ce cadre, la co-conception s’inscrit comme un processus de réflexion et d’action, réunissant les parties prenantes pour avancer sur des problématiques communes. La méthodologie adoptée dans cette étude repose sur une diversité de méthodes mises en œuvre dans trois projets distincts : VALORAGE, PPILOW et AGROMIX. Des retours d’expérience d’animateurs et de participants ont été collectés à travers différents outils comme des notes d’observations, comptes rendus techniques, carnet de terrain, évaluations expériencielles et rétrospectives ainsi que des outils comme le Learning History pour saisir particulièrement l’évolution des processus et les dynamiques l’apprentissage. Les résultats révèlent que, bien que les démarches soient modulables et adaptables, elles nécessitent un cadre clair, des objectifs communs et une flexibilité organisationnelle pour garantir leur succès. Ces projets illustrent des processus différents dans leur mise en œuvre : les principales étapes identifiées, les limites et les leviers d’action en sont donc dépendants. Plusieurs étapes interchangeables peuvent être identifiées (phases de construction du collectif, opérationnelle, d’évaluation) et présentent chacune des éléments clefs. Par exemple, les phases de construction et de consolidation du collectif nécessitent une problématique commune, une interconnaissance des parties prenantes et la définition d’un mode de gouvernance qui fasse consensus. La flexibilité d’organisation, l’échelle du collectif, le temps d’investissement ou encore la temporalité apparaissent également comme des éléments essentiels au fonctionnement du groupe
Le Caveau funéraire des seigneurs du Coudray-Montpensier – Eglise Saint-Pierre de Seuilly (Indre-et-Loire)
No full textInternational audienceWork carried out in the parish church of Saint-Pierre de Seuilly in 2022 led to the chance discovery of a burial vault. This tomb was documented using photogrammetric surveys and visual observations, before it was resealed. This approach was accompanied by an archival study, enabling the discovery to be placed in context and the deceased to be identified. The study established that seven members of the families of the Lords of Coudray-Montpensier were buried there between 1656 and 1775, as well as a cardiotaph. This discovery is in keeping with a particular type of funerary practice attested to in the modern era, that of the burial vault for an aristocratic family.La réalisation de travaux dans l’église paroissiale Saint-Pierre de Seuilly en 2022, a occasionné la découverte fortuite d’un caveau funéraire. Ce tombeau a pu être documenté à l’aide de relevés photogrammétriques et d’observations visuelles, avant qu’il ne soit à nouveau scellé. Cette approche a été en outre accompagnée d’une étude archivistique, permettant de replacer la découverte dans son contexte et d’identifier les défunts. L’étude a permis d’établir que sept membres des familles des seigneurs du Coudray-Montpensier y ont été inhumés entre 1656 et 1775, ainsi qu’un cardiotaphe. Cette découverte se place dans un type particulier de pratique funéraire attestée à l’époque moderne, celle du caveau destiné au regroupement d’une famille aristocratique
Poor welfare indicators may be associated with performance limitations in racehorses
No full textInternational audienceWelfare is defined as the state of an animal, which includes both its emotional and physical condition. Monitoring it for racehorses is of fundamental importance to prevent poor welfare, which is deleterious to the animal's integrity but might also affect performance. This study aims to evaluate the welfare of French racehorses, and to explore potential links between compromised welfare and race placing. 52 trotters and 32 gallopers were evaluated for welfare using the AWIN horse protocol with behavioural observations using the scan sampling method in order to detect abnormal behaviours (stereotypies, alert posture, inactivity or other abnormal behaviours). The horses' race placing was also recorded for a six-month period around the study (percentage of races in which the horse finished in the top three, in the top five or in which it was disqualified (trotters)). Linear models were constructed to identify significant horse-centred welfare indicators affecting race placing. Results demonstrated a discrepancy in the welfare indicators evaluated in the two populations of horses, especially for environmental indicators that indicate a more restrictive management in gallopers than trotters in terms of social interactions and frequency of free exercise. Furthermore, the study identified risk variables associated with racehorses' welfare, including mouth corner lesions, which were observed in 23.1 % of trotters and 18.8 % of gallopers. Additionally, 40.4 % of trotters and 25.0 % of gallopers exhibited limb skin lesions. The prevalence of these four abnormal behaviours was observed across both groups, with percentage observations ranging from 0.3 % to 3.5 % across the scans. The results also identified a negative relationship between inactivity and finishing positions in trotters for the three race placing indicators (linear models; p < 0.05), emphasising the importance of this behaviour in evaluating their welfare and finishing positions. No such correlation was observed in gallop horses. Further research is needed to explore the complex relationships between welfare, including concepts like positive mental states and enjoyment, and racehorses' race placings
Intelectin-1 promotes granulosa cells proliferation and modulates apoptosis via ERK1/2, AKT, and insulin receptor signaling pathways in Large White and Meishan pigs
No full textInternational audienceMaintaining the proper balance between granulosa cells (Gc) proliferation and apoptosis is crucial for folliculogenesis and female fertility. Our previous study showed expression of omentin-1 (intelectin-1, ITLN1) in the porcine ovarian follicles; however, its impact on Gc functions remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the in vitro effects of ITLN1 on Gc proliferation and apoptosis in Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS) pigs. These breeds were chosen due to their distinct reproductive characteristics: MS pigs are known for maintaining a higher number of follicles during the follicular phase and exhibiting greater estradiol synthesis compared to LW pigs. Porcine Gc were incubated with ITLN1 (10-100 ng/mL) for 24-72 h, and the viability/ proliferation (alamarBlue/BrdU assays), cell cycle progression (flow cytometry) and the gene and protein expression of proliferation/apoptotic markers (PCNA, cyclins A1, B2, D1, E1, caspases-3,-9, BCL-2, BAX, FAS, FADD, XIAP) (real-time PCR, western blotting) were assessed. Next, the effect of ITLN1 on the phosphorylation of several kinases (AKT, AMPK, ERK1/2, STAT3, PKA) and the gene and protein expression of the insulin receptor (INSR) were studied (real-time PCR, western blotting). Then, using pharmacological inhibitors of ERK1/2 (PD98059, 5 mu M), AKT (LY294002, 10 mu M) and INSR (1 mu M), treated alone or with ITLN1 (S961, 50 ng/mL), we analyzed its involvement in the effects of ITLN1 on Gc proliferation/apoptosis. We demonstrated that ITLN1 had a mitogenic effect on Gc by enhancing cell cycle progression and modulating the levels of PCNA, cyclins and apoptotic factors via ERK1/2, AKT, and INSR, suggesting that ITLN1 is a newly identified regulator in ovarian folliculogenesis, regardless of the fatness degree of pigs
Identification des paramètres d'un modèle hyperélastique par indentation instrumentée et apprentissage par variété
No full textInternational audienceAn identification method based on manifold learning is applied to ascertain parameters of the Mooney–Rivlin hyperelastic model from experimental indentation curves. The methodology is experienced on two different materials, an unfilled natural rubber and a filled silicone rubber. The identifications obtained from indentation experiments are compared with those obtained from representative macroscopic tests, showing a good agreement. As expected, it appears that the methodology is sensitive to experimental variation resulting from factors such as the surface roughness or the presence of fillers in the tested material. Therefore, to control the surface roughness, a surface preparation protocol for the silicone rubber is presented. Moreover, a numerical treatment of the curves is developed to reduce the influence of surface roughness, leading to a significant reduction of the identification dispersion for the roughest tested surface. The impacts of the aforementioned experimental factors are further discussed based on existing literature and the development of a numerical model that reproduces the indentation test on a rough surface
Prescribing and Dispensing of Oral Isotretinoin and Noncompliance with Recommendations in France before and during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted care organization in France, likely changing the use of oral isotretinoin and worsening noncompliance with recommendations. We described the number of dispensations of isotretinoin, use of teleconsultation, and noncompliance with recommendations, before and during the COVID period.Methods: This nationwide cohort included all subjects with isotretinoin dispensation between 2019 and 2022, using data from the French Health Data System (SNDS). The pre-COVID period corresponded to 2019, and the COVID period to 2020, 2021, and 2022. The first lockdown took place between March and May 2020. We calculated the relative change in the number of total and first dispensations and the difference in the percentage of teleconsultation and noncompliance with recommendations, including treatment initiation by dermatology specialists, prescription renewal, and pregnancy testing (PT), for each month, using 2019 as the reference. PT compliance was assessed in women aged 11-50 years.Results: A total of 2,020,624 dispensations were identified between 2019 and 2022, including 18.1% of first dispensations. Compared with the pre-COVID period, the number of total dispensations decreased (April 2020: -12.6%; May 2020: -9.7%), as did the number of first dispensations (March 2020: -18.3%; April 2020: -37.6%). Nevertheless, the number of total and first dispensations increased over the other months. The teleconsultation rate was close to 0 in the pre-COVID period and increased by 21.8% in April 2020. Noncompliance with treatment initiations by dermatologists increased throughout the COVID period compared with the pre-COVID period (mean: 2.2%; range: -0.5% to 5.5%). Noncompliance with prescription renewal and PT increased during the first lockdown (April 2020: 8.9% and 9.5%, respectively), and tended to stabilize thereafter.Conclusions: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on isotretinoin use was mainly observed during the first lockdown. This study also highlights persistent noncompliance and the need to assess the new French communication actions