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Les noblesses transnationales en Europe (XIIIe-XXe siècle)
No full textInternational audienceFrom the medieval period to the present day, noble families have frequently crossed borders, forging complex ties and deeply influencing European history.Drawing on the concept of "transnationality," this book explores how noble families have been embedded in various political, legal, and social spaces extending beyond national borders. From Brittany to Bohemia, from France to the Ottoman Empire, these noble elites have often had to reinvent their identities and alliances to maintain their status and influence. Marriages, inheritances, miltary and civil services rendered to foreign sovereigns: how did these families manage to maintain their cohesion and identity despite thir geographical dispersion? What impact did their marriage alliances have on their power and wealth? How did they navigate between local loyalties and transnational ambitions? Moving beyond a strictly national interpretation of elite history, this book explores, through various case studies, the forms of multi-territorial entrenchment of European nobility over the long term. By combining insights from social, political, and cultural history, it offers a reflection on the formation of a European "gotha," on the continuities and ruptures in noble strategies, and on the forms of identity produced by the transnational experience.De l’époque médiévale à l’ère contemporaine, les familles nobles ont souvent franchi les frontières, tissant des liens complexes et influençant l’histoire européenne de manière profonde.En s’appuyant sur le concept de « transnationalité », ce livre explore les modalités d’inscription de familles nobles dans plusieurs espaces politiques, juridiques et sociaux, au-delà des frontières étatiques. De la Bretagne à la Bohême, de la France à l’Empire ottoman, ces élites nobiliaires ont souvent dû réinventer leurs identités et leurs alliances pour maintenir leur statut et leur influence. Mariages, héritages, services rendus à des souverains étrangers, comment ces familles ont-elles réussi à maintenir leur cohésion et leur identité malgré la dispersion géographique ? Quels ont été les impacts de leurs alliances matrimoniales sur leur pouvoir et leur patrimoine ? Comment ont-elles navigué entre loyautés locales et ambitions transnationales ?À rebours d’une lecture strictement nationale de l’histoire des élites, ce livre explore, grâce à des études de cas variées, les formes d’ancrage pluriterritorial des noblesses européennes sur la longue durée. En croisant les apports de l’histoire sociale, politique et culturelle, il propose une réflexion sur la formation d’un « gotha » européen, sur les continuités et les ruptures dans les stratégies nobiliaires, et sur les formes d’identité que produit l’expérience transnationale
Feeding a persistent laying hen: Effect of dietary amino acid levels in rearing and dietary energy source and level in laying on body composition and metabolism
No full textInternational audienceThe level and source of dietary protein and energy provided during rearing and laying might influence body composition and metabolic functions of laying hens. We therefore studied the influence of a low or high Apparent Fecal Digestible (AFD) Lys level in all rearing diets and constant or reduced ME level and source during laying (Reducing Energy over time with High Oil = REHO; Constant Energy High Oil = CE; Reducing Energy over time with Low Oil = RELO) on body composition and metabolism in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Dekalb White pullets were randomly divided over 8 pens per treatment and housed until 110 wk of age. Body composition (relative breast, abdominal fat pad and liver weights and total body chemical composition of crude fat, CP, ash and moisture) and liver crude fat levels were measured 4 times during rearing and at 8 wk intervals during laying. Plasma metabolic markers (triglyceride, free fatty acids) were measured 5 times and adipokines 3 times during laying. Data were subjected to mixed model analyses. Hens fed RELO compared to REHO diets had elevated plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels in some weeks, heavier relative liver weights with higher liver crude fat levels in most sampled timepoints, indicating de novo lipoprotein synthesis. Segmented regression models showed that relatively less body fat was directed towards abdominal fat in hens fed RELO diets, with a greater proportion accumulating in other fat depots, such as the liver. Correlations showed that hens with higher relative abdominal fat pad weights between wk 52 and 84 had lower ADFI and FCR in wk 52 to 110. This indicates abdominal fat is needed to supply sufficient ME in the final phases of laying. Higher plasma chemerin levels correlated to a lower BW, egg weight, abdominal fat deposition but higher liver crude fat levels. Adiponectin showed opposite effects. Feeding REHO diets indicated better fat utilization to support egg production in longterm producing hens
Autistic Traits and Cognitive Functions: A Cross-Sectional Study from Younger to Older Adulthood
No full textInternational audienceThis study explored the relationships between autistic traits and cognitive functioning across the lifespan in the general population. Methods: Young (19–39 years old, N = 38), middle-aged (40–57 years old, N = 40), and older adults (60–80 years old, N = 39) underwent performance-based assessments (e.g., verbal short-term and working memory, episodic memory, processing speed, executive functions) and completed self-reported measures (self-reported executive functioning), which are commonly studied in the context of autistic traits and aging. A self-reported questionnaire of anxiety and depression was also included to explore relationships among all self-reported measures. Results: Findings showed that autistic traits, measured continuously using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) were negatively associated with age. Higher levels of autistic traits were associated with lower performance specifically in verbal short-term and working memory, with no significant associations found in other cognitive functions. These effects were consistent across all age groups. Interestingly, while elevated autistic traits were linked to more self-reported executive difficulties in young and middle-aged adults, no such relationship was observed in older adults. These findings suggest that the association between autistic traits and perceived executive function is weaker at older age, possibly due to older adults' lower and less correlated self-reported scores, while younger groups may exhibit a stronger tendency toward negative self-assessment rather than a specific direct link between autistic traits and perceived executive function. Conclusion: Overall, the study highlights the complex relationships between autistic traits and cognition across the lifespan, suggesting the need for further research with larger, more diverse samples to clarify these associations
Territoria Naturalia. Aménager sans altérer, entre partage et réserve
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Evaluation du développement cognitif et émotionnel d’adultes autistes ayant un handicap intellectuel sévère à l’aide de la Batterie d’Evaluation Cognitive et Socio-émotionnelle pour Adultes (BECS-A)
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« Rome polluée, envahie par les voluptueux et féroces cultes d'Asie... » (O. Mirbeau) Une lecture de L'Agonie de Jean Lombard (1888)
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Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Addressing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Reducing Caregiver Burden: A Narrative Review
No full textAbstractBackground: Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia(BPSD), are highly prevalent and significantly impact patient well-being and caregiver burden. Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are increasingly recommended as first-line strategies due to the risks associated with pharmacological treatments.Objective: This narrative review aims to identify and classify traditional, recent, and modern NPIs for BPSD, summarize their outcomes and limitations, and discuss their effectiveness in reducing caregiver burden.Methods: Evidence from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was synthesized. Interventions were categorized as traditional (cognitive stimulation, reminiscence, music therapy), recent (aromatherapy, physical exercise, animal-assisted therapy, caregiver psychoeducation), and modern (virtual reality, robotic companions, COMPAs app). Key findings, populations, benefits, and limitations were summarized in a comparative table.Results: Traditional NPIs are accessible and effective for improving cognition, mood, and social interaction. Recent interventions, including animal-assisted therapy and psychoeducation, target relational and emotional dimensions, reducing agitation, depression, and caregiver stress. Modern technological approaches show promise for enhancing communication, engagement, and emotional well-being, though usability, accessibility, and long-term evidence remain limited. NPIs collectively improve caregiver self-efficacy, reduce burnout, and enhance patient outcomes.Conclusion: A blended, patient-centered approach combining traditional, recent, and modern NPIs appears most effective in managing BPSD and supporting caregivers. Future research should focus on large-scale trials, standardization, cost-effectiveness, and implementation strategies to integrate NPIs into routine Alzheimer’s care
Archétypes et avatars de la figure du Grand Méchant Loup dans la littérature jeunesse (et quelques à-côtés)
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SmartDetector: a valid and affordable AI-based markerless motion capture system for psychological experiments
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we evaluate the validity of SmartDetector—a markerless motion capture device based on artificial intelligence—by comparing it to a conventional optoelectronic motion capture system (i.e., Qualisys) in the context of stimuli construction for psychological experiments. To this end, simultaneous motion capture recordings were performed using both the conventional system and the SmartDetector, enabling the creation of 2D kinematic data and the generation of two versions of point-light displays. Three perceptual experiments were then conducted to facilitate comparisons between the two systems: a recognition task, a detection task, and a discrimination task. Bayesian analysis was employed to test the null hypotheses regarding the stimuli generated by SmartDetector versus those produced by the conventional motion capture system. The results suggest that participants achieved comparable performance across both types of stimuli depending on the task with reduced processing time and lower costs for SmartDetector. These findings appear to validate SmartDetector as a reliable and accessible alternative for creating point-light displays, reducing processing time and costs, thus reinforcing its potential for widespread adoption by professionals in the field