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Journées d'accélération du secteur musique ICCARE : l'encodage et l'interopérabilité au coeur de l'édition musicale numérique
No full textInternational audienceCe rapport synthétique dresse un état des lieux des tendances d’édition numérique pour le texte musical présentées par plusieurs musicologues lors de la journée d’accélération du secteur Musique du PEPR ICCARE s'étant tenue le 17 février 2025 au Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles
Indemnisation des victimes de criminalité : Définitions des victimes, CJUE, 7 nov. 2024, aff. C-126/23, Burdene
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Asile: Défaillances systémiques et suspension unilatérale des reprises, CJUE, 19 déc. 2024, aff. C-185/24 et 189/24, Tudmur
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Pupil reactivity
No full textInternational audiencePupil diameter is determined by the activity of two iris muscles, the sphincter and the dilator, respectively under parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic control. Pupil mainly reacts to changes in illumination conditions via a reflex loop, in order to decrease the light influx onto the retina. However, pupil can also react to sensory, emotional and cognitive inputs, via complex integration and regulation pathways. In this chapter, we will describe the pupillary response in different conditions, its neural control, and the several factors that can influence it
Gut metabolomic and microbiota analyses in ALS mice reveal specific metabolites despite the absence of significant gut dysbiosis
No full textInternational audienceObjective: Over the past years, interest in the role of gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases has emerged. Despite numerous publications over the past decade, both in human and pre-clinical studies, there is no clear consensus on the microbiota's role or involvement in ALS. Few studies on mouse models of ALS highlighted a correlation between specific bacteria species and the prognostic or severity of the disease. Still these results lack reproducibility and remain controverted. In this article we present a study of fecal microbiota in the SOD1 G93A mouse model associated with a metabolomic analysis of cecum content, compared to controls.Methods: Intestinal metabolomic profile and fecal microbiota were assessed in two cohorts of SOD G93A mice compared to wildtype controls at the terminal stage of the ALS disease.Results: Results showed a significant difference in metabolomic profile in SOD1 G93A mice compared to controls but without a marked change in composition and diversity of fecal microbiota. Nevertheless, we observed an increase of Lachnospiraceae family, which are butyrate-producer bacteria, in SOD1 G93A mice. Moreover, some metabolites with significantly different intestinal concentrations are partially produced and linked with intestinal bacteria, such as riboflavin, hippurate, and N-acetylputrescine, leaving us convinced of the interest in looking further into the role of the microbiota in ALS.Conclusions: Despite an alteration of the intestinal metabolome in SOD1 G93A mice, microbiota data did not show significant changes, underlying the need for further research
ECHOES – Founding principles of the Cloud Governance (Deliverable 10.1)
No full textThe deliverable 'Founding Principles of Cloud Governance' aims to establish a set of ethical principles for the Cultural Heritage Cloud and to compare the ambitions of the Cultural Heritage Cloud with those of similar initiatives
Parasite prevalence in a social host has colony-wide impacts on transcriptional activity and survival
No full textInternational audienceParasites pose significant challenges not only to individual hosts but also to entire social groups. We investigated the effects of parasitism by the cestode Anomotaenia brevis on colonies of its intermediate host, the ant Temnothorax nylanderi. We evaluated changes in worker and queen survival rates and transcriptional activity in the fat body of infected and uninfected workers, as well as in the parasite itself, in relation to infected worker prevalence and colony size. Cestode-infected workers are known to exhibit a significantly extended lifespan compared with uninfected workers. Here, we demonstrate that the survival rates of infected workers, uninfected queens, and uninfected workers decrease with increasing infected worker prevalence and increase with colony size. Transcriptomic analysis revealed stress-related signatures in all workers, regardless of infection status, as infection prevalence increased. Moreover, gene expression patterns, particularly in uninfected workers, were strongly influenced by colony size. The transcriptional activity of the parasitic cestode also shifted with infected worker prevalence, highlighting the complex dynamics of host–parasite interactions. These results demonstrate that parasites in social species impose colony-wide impacts that extend beyond infected individuals, even in the absence of direct cross-nestmate infection risks. Moreover, the consequences of parasitism can be modulated by colony size
Implementation evaluation of a school- and primary care-based multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccine coverage: Results from the PrevHPV randomized controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage (VC) remains lower than expected in France. The PrevHPV national research program aimed to codevelop and evaluate an intervention including three components: 'education and motivation' of adolescents in schools, 'at-school vaccination', 'general practitioners (GPs)' training'. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation outcomes of each component, whether they affected effectiveness, and identify factors influencing implementation in schools.Methods: A mixed-method study embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in 91 French municipalities (July 2021-June 2022). Quantitative data were collected through activity reports and questionnaires, and qualitative data through focus groups with school staff. The implementation outcomes were fidelity, dose, reach, acceptability and sustainability, as defined in the Medical Research Council guidance for process evaluation of complex interventions and Proctor et al.'s Implementation Outcomes Framework; the effectiveness outcome was HPV VC (≥ 1 dose) two months after the end of the intervention. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Results: The fidelity, acceptability, and sustainability of all three components among participants who completed the intervention were high. However, the withdrawal of one-third of schools before the trial started and difficulties in mobilizing GPs negatively impacted the dose and reach outcomes. Estimates for the on-treatment analyses of the effectiveness were greater than those for which the dose of intervention received was not considered; 'at-school vaccination' (11.25 percentage points, p < 0.001) and 'GPs'training’ (3.56 percentage points, p = 0.049) increased VC, while ‘education and motivation’ remained nonsignificant.Conclusions: Increasing HPV VC among adolescents could be achieved by combining interventions in both schools and primary care settings. This study provides practical implications for implementing such interventions in real life
Chickens may perceive humans as social buffers and attend to human-given cues
No full textInternational audiencePositive perception of humans, extensively documented in domestic mammals, remains comparatively underexplored in domestic birds like chickens, with existing studies largely focusing on fear reduction. This research evaluated whether chickens perceive humans positively, accounting for interaction types and breed differences. Two breeds (Lohmann LSL Classic, Brown Classic) experienced physical contact (PC), visual-only contact (VC), or minimal human contact (MC) over 13 days (Days 35–51; PC and VC: 1–2 min/day). Birds were assessed using three behavioral tests. During the separation–reunion test (Days 52–53), hens underwent two 3-min separations (experimenter absent) and reunions (experimenter present) in an open-field setting. Subsequently, the experimenter attempted up to six standardized capture attempts to catch the birds (the capture test). Lastly, the local enhancement test (Days 120–137) assessed hens’ ability to use human gestures to locate food. In the separation–reunion test, a significant treatment × phase interaction (LMM, F2,75.44 = 8.54, p 0.05); however, during reunions, PC birds showed greater calmness than VC (46% vs 20%, p = 0.002) and MC birds (46% vs 19%, p < 0.001), with no difference between VC and MC (p = 0.89). A breed × phase interaction (LMM, F 1,71.96 = 8.74, p < 0.001) indicated Brown hens exhibited less calmness during separations compared to reunions (14% vs 32%, p = 0.005),whereas White hens showed no such difference (32% vs 30%, p = 0.23). Brown hens also spent notably more time near the experimenter (77.5 s vs 31.3 s, F 1,54 = 8.03, p = 0.006). In the capture test, treatment significantly influenced outcomes (χ² = 6.24, p = 0.04); PC birds were easier to capture than MC birds (p = 0.03), while VC birds demonstrated intermediate ease (MC–VC: p = 0.68; VC–PC: p = 0.23). Additionally, Brown birds were easier to capture than White birds (breed: χ² =60.68, p < 0.001). In the local enhancement test, two PC hens (one white, one brown) successfully used human cues (binomial test, white: 15/20 trials, p = 0.021; brown: 12/14 trials, p = 0.006). Overall, Brown PC hens performed significantly above chance (binomial test, 45/72, p = 0.022). These findings suggest chickens experiencing positive human interactions perceive humans as stress buffers and effectively associate human cues with rewards. This foundational knowledge can inform welfare enhancing poultry practices by adapting human-animal interactions to breed-specific characteristics