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    Décision d’enquête européenne et définition de la mesure d’enquête, CJUE, 9 janv. 2025, aff. C-583/23, Delda

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    International audienceLa notification d’une ordonnance de mise en accusation ne relève pas, en principe, de la décision d’enquête européenne Exception faite du transfèrement temporaire, une décision d’enquête européenne ne peut contenir une demande de placement ou de maintien en détentio

    Peupleraies de culture, entre enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux

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    National audienceLes peupleraies sont au centre de controverses, voire de conflits. Entre opposants et défenseurs, chacun avance ses arguments, mais leurs bases scientifiques peuvent être mises en doute par certains et nous exposons donc, dans ce chapitre, ces controverses, en discutant leurs fondements à partir de recherches conduites en région Centre-Val de Loire, avant d’élargir à l’échelle nationale.Apparues au xviiie siècle, les peupleraies de culture sont d’abord restées rares dans les vallées. Après 1950, elles s’imposent comme une manière de valoriser économiquement des terres agricoles abandonnées. L’essor des peupleraies est tel qu’il suscite des craintes et bien vite des oppositions. Marquée par des années de critiques,la filière a développé ses arguments et les opposants y sont désormais plus sensibles,acceptant d’échanger autour de pistes d’amélioration, dans un contexte facilité par ailleurs par une dynamique de recul populicole. L’intérêt économique est aussi admis par les riverains et les touristes, usagers ou non, peu critiques et plutôt sur le plan paysager que sur celui de l’environnement. Peu évoquent les enjeux debiodiversité, passés au second plan de manière générale face à ceux du changement climatique. Comme le soulignaient les opposants, la biodiversité associée à ces plantations est souvent moindre comparée à celle des forêts subnaturelles – étant entendu que cette diversité est fonction des taxons considérés, de l’âge du peuplement comme des modalités de gestion – ; mais, selon les contextes géographiques, les peupleraies apportent une contribution à la diversité, floristique, fongique comme entomologique, à l’échelle des paysages. Ainsi, si les peupleraies doivent se maintenir dans les vallées, la dispersion est préférable, entre prairies et forêts subnaturelles si possible anciennes, sur le plan de la biodiversité – à quelques exceptions près – autant que sur celui de la société : les peupleraies dispersées participent à une diversité paysagère acceptée par les usagers, cyclotouristes comme randonneurs pédestres locaux ou autres habitants

    À propos de Cilix hispanica : présence en Indre-et-Loire et façon de le reconnaître plus facilement sur le terrain (Lepidoptera Drepanidae Drepaninae)

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    International audienceThe presence of Cilix hispanica is reported for the first time in the Department of Indre-et-Loire. In addition, the authors reveal a new morphological feature that makes it possible to differentiate hispanica from the clear forms of glaucata without having to examine the genitalia or DNA barcodes. Moreover, a figure is provided for the holotype and the two paratypes of Cilix algirica.La présence de Cilix hispanica est signalée pour la première fois dans le département de l’Indre-et-Loire. En outre, les auteurs dévoilent un caractère morphologique inédit permettant de différencier de manière certaine hispanica des formes claires de glaucata sans avoir recours à l’examen des genitalia ni des codes-barres ADN. Par ailleurs, l’holotype et les deux paratypes de Cilix algirica sont figurés

    CODE beyond FAIR: a roadmap for reusable research software

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    FAIR principles are a set of guidelines aiming at simplifying the distribution of scientific data to enhance reuse and reproducibility. This article focuses on research software, which significantly differs from data in its living nature, and its relationship with free and open-source software. We provide a tiered roadmap to improve the state of research software, which takes into account the full range of stakeholders in the research software ecosystem: all scientific staff – regardless of prior software engineering training – but also institutions, funders, libraries and publishers

    Les origines de l’abbaye médiévale Saint-Laumer à Blois. Chroniques de fouilles archéologiques : https://saintlaumer.hypotheses.org/1048

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    Chroniques de fouilles archéologiques. https://saintlaumer.hypotheses.org/104

    Cognition incarnée : quel apport pour l'étude de la cognition et du bien être animal ?

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    International audienc

    Quality of life, psychosocial difficulties and bullying in paediatric patients with alopecia areata: a European cross-sectional study

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    International audienceBackground: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic immune-mediated condition leading to nonscarring hair loss. Its visible nature often leads to stigmatization and bullying, which can negatively affect the mental health and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents.Objectives: To investigate the experiences of bullying, psychosocial challenges and QoL in adolescents with AA.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 417 participants aged between 10 and 17 years, with 156 adolescents diagnosed with AA from 6 European countries and 261 healthy German controls. Data collection involved validated questionnaires. These included the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire for bullying, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for psychosocial difficulties, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for QoL. Clinical data, including AA severity score, were also recorded. Statistical analyses employed parametric and nonparametric methods, including multivariate analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U-tests, t-tests and correlation analyses.Results: Adolescents with AA reported significantly higher rates of general and verbal bullying, with hair loss and nail damage commonly identified as reasons for bullying. Girls experienced more emotional distress and bullying, while boys reported better emotional and social QoL. Physical functioning (i.e. limitations in physical activity, pain or low energy) was significantly lower in the AA group, although overall QoL differences were low. Longer disease duration was associated with greater emotional difficulties and reduced school functioning. No association was found with the age of the participant or the severity of the disease.Conclusions: Adolescents with AA often face significant challenges, including higher rates of bullying and emotional struggles compared with healthy controls. Developing targeted interventions to combat stigma and support mental and emotional wellbeing of paediatric patients with AA, in addition to a collaborative effort involving dermatologists, psychologists and educators could possibly make a meaningful difference in improving the QoL for these young individuals

    Un nouvel exemple de la consommation du spermophile au Tardiglaciaire dans les niveaux du Magdalénien supérieur du Bois-Ragot (Gouex, Vienne)

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    International audienceThe end of the Late Glacial in south-western Europe was marked by rapid climatic changes that had a significant impact on environments and animal communities. During this period, game hunting was mainly dominated by the acquisition of large ungulates. However, the capture of smaller game animals, such as small mammals, birds or fishes, became more systematic and, in some cases, even more intensive. Among the small game hunted, the ground squirrel has a special place in several sites occupied by the last hunter-gatherers from the Magdalenians period. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the collection of ground squirrel remains from Bois-Ragot cave in order to document its status among the known species and to help us to understand the dietary and economic practices of the last reindeer hunters in France. The Bois-Ragot cave was excavated by André Chollet and Pierre Boutin until 1990. It provides evidence of repeated human occupation at the end of the Late Glacial. This site can be considered as one of the classic Late Glacial sequences, yielding lithic artefacts animal remains and bone industries of repeated occupation by hunter-gatherers during the Magdalenian and Azilian occupations over nearly three millennia. The excavation revealed 4 levels, two of which were late Magdalenian and two Azilian, each characterized by its own tools and a faunal spectrum that more or less reflects local climatic and environmental variations. This study resulted in the identification of almost 800 ground squirrel remains, mostly from Magdalenian levels. The remains are relatively well preserved, with a low fragmentation rate. The distribution of the remains shows concentrations in certain areas of the site, perhaps reflecting specific zones of human activity. The anatomical representation suffers from a few weaknesses, which can be attributed to the selective sorting of the largest bones, despite a recovery assisted by fine sieving. The age of the ground squirrels was estimated by dental maturity and the degree of ossification of the long bones. We were able to show that most of the individuals were captured before their first hibernation, suggesting that they were hunted during the good season. Anthropogenic marks on the bones, such as cutmarks and burning marks, indicate human consumption of ground squirrels. The presence of ground squirrel remains in the Magdalenian levels of Bois-Ragot is not in itself surprising, as other contemporary sites have previously yielded such remains. However, their presence in the Azilian levels raises questions about the paleobiogeography of this species. Post-Magdalenian ground squirrel remains have only been mentioned at the Pont d'Ambon; as these are small remains, it is difficult to be fully certain of their strict contemporaneity with the surrounding remains. In addition, contamination of Azilian remains in the Magdalenian level and vice-versa has been documented at this site. Direct radiocarbon dating of these remains could therefore be envisaged, which would help to fully document the paleobiogeography of this ground squirrel during the Late Glacial.At Bois-Ragot, anthropogenic marks and the absence of traces of non-human predation indicate that ground squirrels were accumulated by Magdalenian groups for the consumption of meat and probably skins. The carcasses were cooked close to a heat source. The data indicates that the site was occupied during the good season and, taking into account the results of the analysis of other animal products, it is possible that resources were acquired throughout the year. The presence of striations on certain bones when the flesh can be removed with the aid of teeth alone is discussed. These striations could reflect different methods of preparing certain carcasses by drying and delayed consumption of the meat. It therefore suggests that meat resources from small fauna could have been stored.This study adds the ground squirrel to the hunting list of the last Magdalenian hunter-gatherers and sheds light on their dietary and economic practices. It shows how the expansion of the human diet at the end of the Palaeolithic included a variety of small game, reflecting an adaptation to the environmental and social changes of the time. The summer hunting of this rodent and the possible hoarding of its meat meant that hunting activities had to be planned to capture animals at the best time of year, but also that stocks had to be built up to compensate for the scarcity of food during the off-season.La collection de restes de cet écureuil terrestre (Spermophile) provenant du gisement du Bois-Ragot a été réévaluée afin de documenter le statut de ce rongeur et de contribuer à comprendre les pratiques alimentaires et économiques des derniers chasseurs de renne en France. Il s’agit d’une grotte fouillée par André Chollet et Pierre Boutin jusqu’en 1990 considérée comme une séquence classique du Tardiglaciaire qui livre les témoins d’occupations répétées par les Magdaléniens et les Aziliens sur près de trois millénaires. Près de 800 restes de spermophile provenant majoritairement des niveaux magdaléniens ont été recensés. Des questions quant à la paléobiogéographie de cette espèce sont soulevées au regard de la présence de restes de cette espèce dans les niveaux aziliens.Les restes de spermophile sont concentrés dans certaines zones du gisement, reflétant peut-être des zones d'activité humaine spécifiques. La représentation anatomique souffre de quelques manques qui peuvent être expliqués par un tri sélectif des gros ossements malgré une récolte aidée d’un tamisage fin. Les traces anthropogéniques et l'absence de traces de prédation non humaine indiquent que les spermophiles ont été accumulés par les groupes magdaléniens pour la consommation de la chair et probablement celle des peaux. Les carcasses ont été cuites à proximité d’une source de chaleur. Les données indiquent une occupation du site durant la bonne saison, et, tenant compte des résultats issus de l’analyse des autres denrées animales, il est envisagé une complémentarité dans l'acquisition des ressources tout au long de l'année. La présence de stries sur certains ossements pourrait traduire des modalités de préparation différentes pour certaines carcasses par séchage et la consommation différée de la viande. Elle met donc en hypothèse la possibilité de mise en réserve des ressources carnées issues de la petite faune.La chasse estivale de ce rongeur et la possible mise en réserve de la viande impliquent 1) la planification des actions de chasse par la capture des animaux au meilleur moment de l’année et 2) la constitution de stocks en vue de pallier la raréfaction des denrées durant la mauvaise saison

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