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Postface : Le Roman et l'histoire. Compléments à la lecture du Maître de Garamond
No full textInternational audienc
Le discours managérial : un vecteur de résilience organisationnelle ? Cas d’une grande entreprise de télécommunications.
No full textChader, A., De La Rochefoucauld, M. et Le Bris, S. (2025). Le discours managérial : un vecteur de résilience organisationnelle ? Cas d’une grande entreprise de télécommunications. Management & Sciences Sociales, 40(1), 24-38.International audienceNotre article propose d’étudier la question de recherche suivante : dans quelle mesure le discours managérial peut-il constituer un vecteur de résilience organisationnelle ? Pour cela, nous avons mené une étude qualitative fondée sur la méthodologie de l’étude de cas à travers la réalisation de 20 entretiens semi-directifs, une observation non participante ainsi qu’une analyse documentaire. Nos résultats mettent en évidence l’importance du discours managérial en tant que levier face à l’urgence de la crise permettant d’accompagner les acteurs de l’entreprise dans une meilleure réorganisation de l’organisation. Les résultats de notre recherche mettent également en exergue le rôle du discours managérial comme un outil de normalisation et de co-construction de l’organisation de demain
Se conformer ou se confronter ? (Re)penser la mort en services hospitaliers dans l’actualité des directives anticipées
No full textInternational audiencePar l’analyse des discours de professionnels hospitaliers, confrontée à l’analyse des discours d’aidants exposés à l’expérience du mourir, nous étudions comment les personnels de santé contribuent à l’actualité du débat public sur l’aide active à mourir. Nous montrons que leur discours est marqué par une forte préformation qui impose une conception de la « fin de vie » laissant peu de place aux volonté et capacitation du patient mourant, ainsi désubjectivé. La fin de vie, construit social confrontant valeurs ontologiques et déontiques, crée une nouvelle période dans la vie. Elle instaure une normativité du mourir, vie sans vie, pour un patient objet, mais confortable, contrevenant à l’objectif affiché de la Convention citoyenne sur la fin de vie (2023)
The transcriptome of the ovine choroid plexus is regulated by thyroid hormone but not by photoperiod
No full textInternational audienceThe photoperiodic control of seasonal functions requires the action of melatonin at the pars tuberalis of the pituitary and subsequent control of local thyroid hormone (TH) signaling by tanycytes lining the basolateral part of the third ventricle. Therefore, TH supply of tanycytes through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexuses (CP) is central to photoperiodism. Here, the transcriptome of the CP of the lateral ventricles was established by RNAseq in ewes maintained under three experimental conditions: ewes exposed to a short photoperiod (SP; 8.5 h of light), intact ewes submitted to an acute 3-week exposure to a long photoperiod (LP-Sham; 15.5 h of light) and ewes thyroidectomized prior to the LP exposure (LP-THX). Photoperiod impacted the expression of 1169 genes (SP vs LP-Sham) while 575 genes were sensitive to TH (LP vs LP-THX). Compared to TH-responsive genes, photoperiod-responsive genes displayed rather weak transcriptional changes. In line with this, RT-qPCR for select candidate genes validated the impact of TH, but not that of photoperiod. We demonstrate weak expression of the melatonin MT1 receptor in the CP, which provides a functional rationale for this. In conclusion, the CP appears as a permissive tissue to the expression of TH-dependent seasonality governed by tanycytes rather than being an integral component of the melatonin-dependent photoperiodic response
Assessment of cardiopulmonary risk in COPD patients: Expert opinion formalized using the Delphi method
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundCardiovascular (CV) comorbidities are frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increasing individual morbidity and mortality. This observation has given rise to the concept of cardiopulmonary risk. However, assessment and management of CV risk in COPD patients is highly variable in practice. Cardiologists' and pulmonologists' knowledge and understanding of cardiopulmonary risk and its assessment in COPD patients, along with the management of special situations, were analyzed using the Delphi consensus methodology.Study Design and MethodsA Steering Committee of ten experts (five cardiologists and five pulmonologists) developed a questionnaire covering 73 clinical situations grouped into 31 statements. This Steering Committee recommended a panel of expert respondents with clinical experience. The Delphi consensus methodology was applied in two rounds, with 74 respondents in the first round and 68 in the second. Consensus was defined as agreement or disagreement by >75 % of respondents.ResultsThe panel agreed that COPD patients face elevated CV risk independently of other risk factors. Consensus was reached on systematically assessing CV risk factors in COPD patients and the necessity for cardiological consultation and arterial imaging (coronary, supra-aortic trunks) if CV risk scores are high. The panel opposed routine Holter EKG use, but recommended both cardiological and pneumological investigations in cases of disproportionate dyspnea. Minor disagreements emerged between pulmonologists and cardiologists about abdominal aortic aneurysm screening, glycated hemoglobin testing, and specific CV assessments post COPD exacerbation.InterpretationThis Delphi report summarizes expert cardiologist and pulmonologist perspectives on CV risk assessment in COPD patients, emphasizing the need for integrated management of respiratory and CV conditions. These findings demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggest that while some practical aspects of CV assessment in COPD patients are the subject of clear consensus, other areas require further research to develop precise protocols
Drivers of contaminated sediment dynamics over 80 years at a basin scale (Loire river basin, France): a multifactorial approach
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the long-term dynamics of sediment contamination requires integrating multiple drivers, including anthropogenic activities, river management and sediment transport processes. This study investigates legacy trace element (TE) contamination (Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Sn, Zn) in sediments from the Loire river and its main tributaries, highlighting contamination hot periods and hotspots over eight decades. Prior to the 1950s, sediment composition was stable but limited localized contamination was already identified. During the 1950s–1970s, TE enrichments spread basin-wide, driven by industrial and mining activities plus active sediment transport. River modifications such as dam construction and intensive sand mining started to intensify in the 1970s. From the 1980s onward, TE concentrations globally declined due to regulatory measures, industrial closures and sediment connectivity disruptions caused by sand mining, dams and weirs, confining contamination hotspots mostly within sub-basins. Since the 2000s, sediment quality has significantly improved. However, legacy contaminants can still be remobilized during specific events (major flood events and/or river management operations). A conceptual proxy, the Dynamic of the Recovery Period index, expressed as a percentage of remaining contamination over the period 1970s–2010s, enables comparative analysis of recovery trends, independently of the time frame, the river station or maximum of contamination. It emphasizes the influence of spatially heterogeneous legacy contamination and river management practices on sediment quality. Despite overall recovery, some areas remain impacted, notably by mercury. These findings highlight the importance of integrating riverbed and bank sediment quality and dynamics monitoring into river management to support the resilience of fluvial ecosystems
Memory of the Future : Linguistic and Translation Analysis of "Story of Your Life"
No full textInternational audienceLanguage can be an open door to the past and the future and science fiction has the ability to link both in our imagination. “Story of Your Life” by Ted Chiang is a science fiction short story whose originality lies in its conception of time. Louise Banks is a linguist who is called by the military to translate an alien language. Through her learning, she will master the language of the Heptapods and therefore their way of thinking and seeing time: all at once. She will soon start to have memories of her future. The story develops gradually with both visions of the past and visions of the future, turning the “if” of the science fiction story into “when”. The weaving of past and future with the “now” of the story is conveyed through a series of unusual uses of tense-linked operators. Both burst into the narrator’s consciousness with the same frequency and clarity. However, whereas the future is often introduced by “I remember” (followed by will), the latter is never used for past events, which can only be felt as such by the use of the past grammatical tense. The unconventional syntactic uses seem to generate another form of English, thanks to which the narrator sees the world (or time) differently. Just as in spoken Heptapod A, there is “no preferred order for the clauses in a conditional statement”, the conventional “sequential” organisation of linguistic elements is tampered with to linguistically stage the circularity of time and memory. Since past and future, memory and imagination are just as real, solidly linked to the use of the preterit and “will”, what room is left for the “now”? And how has the French translator dealt with this story whose meaning is so entwined with the English language itself? “There’s the rub”
Qualité des ovocytes issus de folliculogenèse in vitro chez l'homme et l'animal
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The Rapid Arrival of Josiah Willard Gibbs's "Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics" in European University Libraries
No full textThis note offers an overview of how Josiah Willard Gibbs's "Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics", published simultaneously in London and New York in 1902, spread through European university libraries. Contrary to the received idea that the circulation of this text was slow, information gathered through direct contacts with numerous academic libraries, together with an examination of Yale University's archives, reveals an unexpectedly rapid material diffusion beginning on 15 March 1902. This early propagation can be explained by several channels: presentation copies sent by Yale University to leading universities, personal mailings by Gibbs himself to prominent scientists, and the distribution of copies by the American publisher to major scientific journals
Advancing the psychology of social class with large-scale replications in four countries
No full textInternational audienceTheoretical models have been developed to understand how social class influences individual thoughts, feelings and behaviours. However, the validity of these models is threatened by the prevailing use of small, non-diverse samples and flexible measurement practices. We preregistered replications of 35 key hypotheses from 17 correlational and 5 experimental studies, and collected large, quota-based or probability samples from the USA, France, Switzerland and India ( N total = 33,536). Our analysis yielded three central findings: (1) ~50% of the effects were successfully replicated; (2) conclusions were consistent across different operationalizations of social class, although objective indicators yielded smaller estimates (for example, income and education); and (3) half of the effects were moderated—mostly strengthened—by social class identification, system-justification beliefs or local income inequality. Overall, hypotheses based on differences between social class contexts in terms of constraints, uncertainty and status were well supported. However, hypotheses based on models positing social class differences in psychological orientations towards ‘the self’ versus ‘others and the environment’ received less support. We conclude that these models need to be reassessed as individuals from higher social classes seem more oriented towards both themselves and others.The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 29 October 2021.The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B6Y8R