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Effect of dietary Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide incorporation on growth, blood metabolites, tibia mineralization, and nutrient digestibility of broilers
No full textInternational audienceThis study explored the impact of incorporating Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) into broilers' diets on their growth, serum mineral levels, tibia characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. A total of 240 day-old male Ross-308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 8 replicates of 10 birds. The birds were fed diets supplemented with PSP at three levels: 0, 400, and 800 mg.kg-1, denoted as control, 400PSP, and 800PSP, respectively. Notably, the 800PSP group exhibited a linear improvement in feed conversion ratio and weight gain at 35 days of age. Crude protein and calcium digestibility were improved (P>0.05) by PSP inclusion. The PSP addition did not influence the carcass traits, except for the relative weight of pectoral muscle, which increased linearly (P>0.05) in the 800PSP group. Immune organ indexes exhibited a linear increase (P>0.05) in the PSP-fed groups. There were no notable changes in hepatic and renal function biomarkers at 21 and 35 days of age. However, at 35 days of age, the serum lipid profile was affected, as linear and quadratic reductions (P>0.05) in the concentrations of cholesterol, LDL and HDL were noticed. On day 21 of age, serum calcium, potassium, and iron levels exhibited linear increases (P>0.05) in the 800PSP group. Moreover, the tibia ash content at 21 and 35 days of age increased linearly and quadratically (P>0.05) in the 400PSP and 800PSP groups. In conclusion, incorporating PSP in broilers' diets improved their growth, tibia ash content, serum minerals and lipid profile, and nutrient digestibility, particularly at the 800 mg.kg(-1) level
Lipidomic signatures of ventilator-associated pneumonia in COVID-19 ARDS patients: a new frontier for diagnostic biomarkers
No full textInternational audienceBackground Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant complication in mechanically ventilated patients. Paradoxically, it lacks precise diagnostic criteria, making the identification of a reliable diagnostic indicator an unmet medical need. Lipids are critical regulators of innate lung defense. The aim of the study was to identify lipid alterations specific to VAP in tracheal aspirates of patients with ARDS.Methods Tracheal aspirates samples from ventilated patients were collected longitudinally from patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Tracheal aspirates sampled at the day of VAP diagnosis were used to assess VAP specific lipidome and were compared with matched controls (patients without VAP). Lipid detection was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry. The statistical analysis included: unsupervised multivariate methods, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve to assess classification performance. The Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-value was used to control the false discovery rate. ResultsWe studied 39 patients (26 VAP and 13 control patients). The characteristics of VAP and control patients were similar, including biological markers such as neutrophils, CRP, and PCT. The lipid signature, composed of 272 lipids, differed between VAP and control patients (p = 0.003). Phosphatidylcholines were the most represented with 17 significantly upregulated and 6 downregulated lipids. OPLSDA identified 8 best candidates as VAP biomarkers with sphingomyelin (34:1) and phosphatidylcholine (O-34:1) presenting the best scores (AUROC = 0.85 [0.71-0.95] and 0.83 [0.66-0.94], respectively). Combinations of several lipid biomarkers did not improve the prediction accuracy. During ARDS, lung lipidome mostly resulted in breakdown product of host-pathogen interactions (surfactant and pulmonary cells). ConclusionWe investigated VAP-specific lipids in tracheal aspirate and identified significant alterations in lipidomic profiles, likely driven by active infection dynamic and the breakdown of surfactant and pulmonary cells. Among †</div
Evaluation of a new chemical label BASA : A comparison with gold standards
No full textInternational audiencePersonalized medicine involves tailoring medical treatments to the unique characteristics of each individual. For example, genomic insights enable precise diagnoses and targeted therapies in oncology. However, significant challenges remain in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying many diseases. Metabolomics, the study of small molecules within biological systems, holds great promise for advancing personalized medicine through molecular-level insights. By combining derivatization and LC-MS, it is possible to achieve metabolite identification, enhancing both the sensitivity and coverage of analyses. In this study, we introduce BASA as a derivatization reagent. After identifying the specific fragmentation patterns of BASA-derivatized compounds, a library of approximately one hundred molecules was derivatized to compare BASA with four commercial chemical labels. In addition to its versatility, BASA allows for sample analysis in negative mode, further increasing analytical sensitivity. Negative mode presents an opportunity for untargeted analysis of biological samples due to reduced background noise. Combined with specific fragments, BASA-derived compounds seem promising for metabolomic exploration. Further studies are needed to fully demonstrate their contributions to exploring complex biological environments
Multigram-Scale Synthesis and Study of Reactivity of Two Difluoromethylating Reagents Based on Sulfoximine Skeletons
No full textInternational audienceHu’s reagent is widely known for the electrophilic and radical difluoromethylation reactions of various compounds of interest for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields. Recently, our group described a cyclic version of this sulfoximine. In this article, the gram-scale synthesis of these two reagents, as well as a comparison of their reactivity in electrophilic and radical transformation, is disclosed. DSC and TGA measurements were carried out on the pure final compounds to assess the safety of the process
Effect of Emotional Valence on Text Comprehension by French Fourth and Fifth Graders
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Emotional valence can be used to describe the pleasant or unpleasant nature of information such as images, words, sentences, or texts. The possible existence of a bias favoring the comprehension of positive versus negative information remains a controversial subject. The aim of the present study was to explore whether the emotional valence of a text influences its comprehension by students in the fourth or fifth grade. Methods: To this end, 55 French students with a mean age of 10.11 years answered surface, semantic, and inferential questions after reading texts with a positive, negative, or neutral valence. Results: The results showed that surface comprehension scores were higher for texts with a positive or negative valence, rather than a neutral one. They also showed that semantic comprehension scores were lower for negatively valenced texts. Conclusion: These observations suggest that emotional valence influences text comprehension in young readers. The existence of a positivity bias in children’s reading comprehension and the educational implications in the classroom are discussed
The safety profile of fluoroquinolones
No full textInternational audienceWhile they are very useful agents, fluoroquinolones (FQs) are associated with a number of serious adverse effects (AEs). The objective of this paper is to describe the characteristics of frequent serious AEs related to FQs along with their risk factors, their safety in specific populations, and the main drug-drug interactions that may occur. Serious AEs commonly associated with FQs include tendon disorders (particularly tendinopathy and tendon rupture), CNS toxicity (seizure and encephalopathy), peripheral neuropathy (including small fiber neuropathy), cardiovascular toxicity (QT interval prolongation, dissection, and aneurysm rupture), disrupted glucose metabolism, phototoxicity, C. difficile infections, acute renal failure, and hepatic toxicity. Most of these AEs are common to all FQs, but some, such as acute kidney failure on crystallization with ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin, are more specific. Unlike the AEs associated with most other antibiotics, some of these AEs (e.g. tendinopathy or neuropathy) may occur after FQ discontinuation, and others may subsequently progress (e.g. FQ-associated disability). The risk of serious AE is heightened by factors having to do with patient age and comorbidities, the characteristics of the FQ treatment (dose and/or duration) and associated drug intake. To conclude, FQs appear to be associated with a higher risk of serious AEs than most of the other antibiotics available for the same indications, however some AEs can be avoided by bearing in mind the predisposing risk factors
Governance of a Transboundary River: A Comparative Geohistorical Analysis of the Rhône River in France and Switzerland
No full textInternational audienceThe Rhone River is a major international river in Western Europe shared between Switzerland and France with a total river-basin area of 96,500 km². It originates in Switzerland (Rhone Glacier in the canton of Valais), flows through Lake Geneva, enters France after Geneva and crosses cities including Lyon, Valence, Avignonand Arles, before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea through the Camargue delta. Given the many uses and rivalries over the transboundary use of the river, one would expect that France and Switzerland would have developed a comprehensive bilateral legal framework to govern the Rhone River at the scale of the wholewatershed, as is the case for other transboundary rivers in Europe, such as the Danube or the Rhine. However, this chapter on the Rhone River provides a counterexample of a transboundary river without strongly institutionalized transboundary governance. Starting from this notable absence of comprehensive transboundary governance, this chapter aims to analyze the trajectories of the Rhone River’s management through history on each side of the border. Beyond the well-known and specific local and national framings, has the management of the Rhone evolved in comparable ways in Switzerland and France? With each side relatively ignorant of the water and flood policies of the other regarding the same river, we use a geo-historical perspective to examine the development of the river’smanagement, looking for similarities among the apparently divergent trajectories. Regarding governance, we look at historical periods that are helpful in understanding trends in river management, and we highlight similarities between the French and Swiss approaches. This chapter highlights similarities between the French and Swiss experiences in a geohistorical comparison of river management across four historical periods: i) the early modern period, when the Rhone River wasmanaged at the local level, ii) the nineteenth century, when flood risk became a common enemy justifying state action, iii) the twentieth century, when economic development justified large-scale works on the Rhone River and its floodplains and (iv) the twenty-first century that has seen a turn towards environmental sustainability in river management
