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« De la transgression des frontières : Gangs et County Lines en Grande-Bretagne »
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Going for robustness: science
No full texthttps://blog.khinsen.net/This is a follow-up to my earlier post entitled "Going for robustness", focusing on scientific research
Brouillard persistant autour des préjudices de principe (dits préjudices « nécessaires »)
No full textInternational audienceSoc., 11 mars 2025, no 24-10.452 (publié au Bulletin), Soc., 11 mars 2025, no 23-19.669 (publié au Bulletin), Soc., 11 mars 2025, 23-16.415 (publié au Bulletin) et Soc., 11 mars 2025, 21-23.557 (publié au Bulletin
Avant de traduire Les Amours (1552) de Ronsard : feuilleter, voir, lire et entendre
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Alternative reproductive strategies in two cryptic species of the European earwig complex
No full textInternational audienceReproductive strategies often reflect species-specific adaptations to ecological pressures. However, identifying such strategies within cryptic species complexes remains challenging. We addressed this gap in two cryptic species of the European earwig complex (Forficula dentata and Forficula auricularia), both known for their agricultural importance, invasive potential, and maternal care. Using a common garden experiment with adults from seven populations, including sympatric ones, we quantified four forms of maternal egg care (egg gathering, egg defence, egg retrieval, and frequency of mother-egg contacts) and 20 additional life-history traits across the female life cycle. Species identity was then determined using COI analyses. Our results revealed that nine traits were species-specific, indicating distinct reproductive strategies. Both species produced similar number of eggs. However, F. dentata females prioritised pre-ovipositional investment by delaying oviposition, a strategy that enhanced egg provisioning and offspring quality but shortened post-ovipositional egg development and reduced hatching success. Conversely, F. auricularia females invested more post-ovipositionally by laying earlier, which limited pre-ovipositional egg provisioning and resulted in lower-quality juveniles, but prolonged egg development, thereby increasing hatching success. These strategies did not alter three of the four maternal care behaviours, although F. dentata mothers showed stronger egg defence. Overall, these strategies may confer species-specific advantages in colonising and competing for new environments, potentially contributing to the global invasive success of the European earwig complex
Characterisation of facial expressions and behaviours of horses in response to positive and negative emotional anticipation using network analysis
No full textInternational audienceThe welfare of an animal is closely linked to their emotional experiences, making it essential to identify reliable indicators of these emotions. This study aimed to identify behaviours and facial movements in horses experiencing contrasting emotional valence, triggered by the anticipation of a positive condition (going to pasture) or a negative condition (going alone to a novel environment). Twenty horses were daily trained to wait in a starting box before being exposed to these two conditions. After one week of positive training or negative training, we analysed horses’ behaviours, cortisol variations, and facial movements while they waited in their starting box. First, we confirmed that the two conditions induced contrasting emotional valence, as evidenced by the shorter time taken to approach in the positive condition compared to the negative, and by the higher maximal heart rate and cortisol variation in the negative condition. Then using the Equine Facial Action Coding System (EquiFACS) and network analysis (NetFACS) we revealed distinct behaviours and facial expression profiles. In positive anticipation, the horses exhibited a greater range of behaviours, including shaking their heads from side to side, stepping back, sniffing, and pawing at the ground. Additionally, two distinct facial expression profiles were identified as specific to positive and negative anticipation. In positive anticipation, the horses displayed a higher neck, accompanied by a greater frequency of half-blinks and mouth movements. Conversely, in negative anticipation, the horses exhibited a medium neck, with ears backward accompanied by more flattened ears and expressed more nostril movements. The findings highlight the importance of these indicators in characterising horses’ emotions and emphasise their significance for assessing equine welfare
Et McDonald’s ressuscita les jouets « pour adultes » avec un menu pixélisé
No full textInternational audienceAvec ces 170 millions de joueurs dans le monde, Minecraft ne pouvait qu’intéresser les marques. Ainsi, McDonald’s propose désormais un menu Minecraft. Décryptage de la stratégie de la chaîne de restauration rapide : quels sont les enjeux du retour des jouets en plastique chez McDo
Rabelais et ses phraséologismes gargantuesques : analyse des procédés de phraséotraduction en polonais, BCMS, chinois, japonais et portugais brésilien
No full textInternational audienceThe article explores the translation of phraseological units (PUs) from Chapter XI of Gargantua by François Rabelais into five languages: Polish, Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), Chinese, Japanese, and Brazilian Portuguese. The main difficulty in the phraseological translation of the selected text lies in the fact that the therein present PUs have to be taken both in the literal and the figurative phraseological sense. This problem resulted in translators sometimes sacrificing one of the two possible reading layers. Following a theoretical examination of the PUs characteristics and their unfrozenness, the analysis of the translations into five selected languages takes from Hejwowski’s (2015) classification of the translation techniques adapted to the purpose of the work. Based on that, we could identify and evaluate the different ways the translators adapted the Rabelaisian wordplay to the cultural universe of their own language. We also identified an additional technique involving the translator’s phraseological innovation, where the Rabelaisian wordplay in the PUs is reproduced in a very free and creative way in another cultural universe