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Résolution de problèmes combinatoires issus de la bio-informatique
No full textFinaliste du concours du meilleur article étudiant.International audienc
Promising efficacy of LIMK inhibitors in reducing cutaneous neurofibromas in an Nf1-KO mouse model.
No full textInternational audienc
Recensione a Salvatore Carannante, "Warburg, Leonardo, il Rinascimento" (Pisa-Firenze: Edizioni della Normale-Istituto Nazionale di Studi sul Rinascimento, 2023)
No full textInternational audienc
Comparison of thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering from oxide targets for sub-ps high-power laser applications
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this work is to investigate the properties of oxide materials deposited as thin films with magnetron sputtering as candidates for the fabrication of multilayer mirrors or multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings in the framework of high-power laser applications. We compare the refractive index, bandgap and laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of thin films of oxide materials deposited from either pure oxide or mixed oxide targets with precise control of the oxygen supply in the plasma. Refractive index and optical bandgap are correlated with laser-induced damage threshold and compared with literature. It reveals that a mixture of SiO2/Sc2O3 (Si/Sc = 76/24 at. %) exhibits very good performance in terms of LIDT and refractive index. It might be a good alternative to SiO2 and Sc2O3/SiO2 (Sc/Si = 76/24 at. %) as an intermediate refractive index material between the refractive index of SiO2 and HfO2. A physicochemical surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out in order to complete the LIDT results. The stoichiometry of the films composed of SiO2/Sc2O3 mixtures was derived from XPS measurements and compared to those of the targets. XPS also provides information about bond energies. Among the studied materials, the presence of elemental silicon or variations in the proportion of oxygen bonds related with the addition of oxygen in the plasma is shown
Specific carbon fluxes in rivers from long-term monitoring
No full textInternational audienceThe transfer of carbon from land to rivers and ocean is a key part of the carbon cycle, yet it is poorly quantified. The amount of carbon transported by inland waters is comparable with the amount of carbon stored on land, but large variations exist depending on the climatic, lithologic and land-use characteristics of watersheds. In the framework of the Carbonium project, a target project in the FairCarboN national project, we focus on bridging this gap. In a first stage, we aim at quantifying carbon fluxes in rivers, both dissolved and particulate as well as organic and inorganic. In a second stage, these fluxes will be related to river and watershed characteristic such as the maximum discharge, average slope, land use, or lithologic features. A data base comprising for now data from 30 sites belonging to the French research networks OZCAR (Observatoires de la Zone Critique: Applications et Recherche) and RZA (Réseau Zones Ateliers). These sites exhibit long term data sets of liquid discharge, suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and Carbon concentrations covering a large diversity of lithologies, land use, and meteorological forcing. Most of them are located on the metropolitan territory of France, but data from overseas and foreign countries is also available. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) vary from very low concentrations (close to 0.1 mgC/L) to concentrations up to 73 mgC/L in tropical rivers. Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations are mostly comprised between 0.5 and 22 mgC/L, with occasional events resulting in concentrations as high as 500 mgC/L in the Gier River, a tributary of the Rhône, or the Isère River.This represents carbon contents from 2 to 15%, occasionaly much higher. Specific carbon fluxes vary from 10-2 kg/km2/year in the Bernadouze or in the Gardon to 4x103 kg/km2/year, in the Galabre or in Isère Rivers, with larger rivers such as the Rhône displaying fluxes around 1x103 kg/km2/year. However, estimations of fluxes are subject to high uncertainty related to the availability of data, its frequency and the proxies used to obtain continuous temporal series of DOC and POC concentrations. As a matter of fact, measured parameters do not often include the concentration of DOC and POC. However, each river has a distinct relationship between SSC or turbidity, and POC; while the DOC concentration can be linked to the water flow. The second step of the analysis is therefore to test and select an appropriate method to establish these relationships when low frequency data is available. For example, the field stations of the Rhône River in Arles (south of France), the Coët-Dan River in Naizin (Brittany), or the Mule Hole observatory in India, are suitable candidates because they dispose of high frequency records of flow, turbidity, SSC, and carbon concentrations. In addition, appropriate method of fluxes computation must be chosen depending on the frequency of data measurement
Le rôle de la téléprésence dans la responsabilité environnementale des consommateurs : le cas des expériences éducatives en réalité virtuelle
No full textInternational audienceThis research examines the effect of telepresence generated by immersive virtual reality educational experiences on the adoption of pro-environmental behaviours. It explores the mediating role of emotions and perceived risk (severity and susceptibility) as well as the moderating role of psychological distance (spatial, temporal, social and hypothetical). Through an experimental methodology comparing VR versus 2D experiences and a proximal versus distal framing of the message, this study aims to better understand the cognitive and affective levers likely to reinforce environmental engagement in an educational context.Cette recherche examine l'effet de la téléprésence générée par des expériences pédagogiques immersives en réalité virtuelle sur l’adoption de comportements pro-environnementaux. Elle explore le rôle médiateur des émotions et du risque perçu (gravité et susceptibilité) ainsi que le rôle modérateur de la distance psychologique (spatiale, temporelle, sociale et hypothétique). À travers une méthodologie expérimentale comparant des expériences en VR versus 2D et un cadrage proximal versus distal du message, cette étude vise à mieux comprendre les leviers cognitifs et affectifs susceptibles de renforcer l’engagement environnemental dans un contexte éducatif
Nayib Bukele 2.0: ¿el camino hacia la desconsolidación democrática?
No full textInternational audienceLa reelección del presidente Bukele el 4 de febrero de 2024 es sintomática de un riesgo que se cierne sobre muchos países latinoamericanos por el constante cuestionamiento de las reglas y el funcionamiento democráticos. Este "hombre fuerte", como lo describió recientemente el semanal Time, intriga tanto como inspira. Ha logrado resultados donde todos los gobiernos anteriores habían fracasado, y goza de una popularidad sin parangón a escala continental y mundial. Al mismo tiempo, está poniendo a prueba la democracia al sugerir que las prácticas autoritarias podrían ser preferibles a la democracia. Por lo tanto, es esencial entender quién es, qué hace y qué representa, porque el "modelo Bukele" ya está empezando a ser emulado en otros países latinoamericanos. Aquí analizamos tres aspectos: el proceso y significado de su reelección, los resultados de su primer mandato y el peligro que representa para la democracia salvadoreña
fMRI data acquisition and analysis for task-free, anesthetized rats
No full textInternational audienceTemplates for the acquisition of large datasets such as the Human Connectome Project guide the neuroimaging community to reproducible data acquisition and scientific rigor. By contrast, small animal neuroimaging often relies on laboratory-specific protocols, which limit cross-study comparisons. The establishment of broadly validated protocols may facilitate the acquisition of large datasets, which are essential for uncovering potentially small effects often seen in functional MRI (fMRI) studies. Here, we outline a procedure for the acquisition of fMRI datasets in rats and describe animal handling, MRI sequence parameters, data conversion, preprocessing, quality control and data analysis. The procedure is designed to be generalizable across laboratories, has been validated by using datasets across 20 research centers with different scanners and field strengths ranging from 4.7 to 17.2 T and can be used in studies in which it is useful to compare functional connectivity measures across an extensive range of datasets. The MRI procedure requires 1 h per rat to complete and can be carried out by users with limited expertise in rat handling, MRI and data processing
Illuminismo etnografico” e studio del territorio. Geografie sull’Adriatico orientale fra 1770 e 1809
No full textInternational audienc
La mer Rouge, de la mondialisation des échanges à la globalisation des conflits
No full textInternational audienceLa mer Rouge, cordon millénaire du commerce maritime entre l'Orient et l'Occident, est aujourd'hui menacée par les conflits qui embrasent ses rives, et par la diversité des intérêts qui s'y côtoient ou s'y affrontent. Mais elle est également un enjeu de développement économique, le long de ses côtes comme dans ses arrière-pays. Elle est donc justiciable d'une analyse régionale, distinguant ses entrées nord et sud, fragilisées par des conflictualités aux conséquences globales, de sa partie centrale, objet de projection de développements futuristes, tandis que le face-à-face de ses deux rives, asiatique et africaine, pose la question de la complémentarité envisageable pour un développement concerté de l'ensemble de cette sous-région