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L'héritage féminin d'une généalogie rurale : disruptions temporelles dans "Las herederas" d'Aixa de la Cruz
No full textInternational audienceThe purpose of this article is to analyse the mechanisms of temporal deceleration which are set in motion in Aixa de la Cruz’s neo-rural novel "Las herederas" (2022). Starting from the premise that the rural environment does not remain oblivious to the dynamics of acceleration characteristic of urban space, we will question the literary motif of the rural retreat as an efficient strategy of disruption opposed to the fast rhythm imposed by the productive logic of contemporary society. The Basque author’s aesthetic proposal consists in transforming the legacy of the relationship that the female subject maintains with time, by questioning the historical temporality of (re)production and by entering the magical temporality of the shamanic experience, through building a poetics of hallucination that changes one’s perspective on rural time and space.El presente artículo se propone analizar los mecanismos de ralentización temporal que se ponen en marcha en la novela neorrural "Las herederas" (2022), de Aixa de la Cruz. Partiendo de la premisa de que el ámbito rural no permanece ajeno a las dinámicas de aceleración características del espacio urbano, se interroga el motivo literario de la huida al campo como una estrategia efectiva de disrupción frente al ritmo veloz impuesto por la lógica productiva de la sociedad contemporánea. La propuesta estética de la autora vasca consiste en transformar la herencia de la relación que el sujeto femenino mantiene con el tiempo, al interrogar la temporalidad histórica de la (re)producción y al entrar en la temporalidad mágica de la experiencia chamánica, mediante una poética de la alucinación que cambia la perspectiva sobre el tiempo y el espacio rurales.L'article se propose d'analyser les mécanismes de ralentissement temporel mis en œuvre dans le roman néo-rural "Las herederas" (2022) d'Aixa de la Cruz. Partant du principe que le milieu rural n'est pas étranger aux dynamiques d'accélération caractéristiques de l'espace urbain, nous interrogeons le motif littéraire du refuge à la campagne comme stratégie efficace de disruption face au rythme effréné imposé par la logique productive de la société contemporaine. La proposition esthétique de l'autrice basque consiste à transformer l'héritage de la relation que le sujet féminin entretient avec le temps, en remettant en question la temporalité historique de la (re)production et en entrant dans la temporalité magique de l'expérience chamanique, à travers une ce que nous désignons comme une poétique de l'hallucination
Monitoring of monoclonal antibody critical quality attributes and free amino acids in CHO bioprocesses using Raman spectroscopy and DUPLEX-based PLS modeling
No full textInternational audienceRaman spectroscopy offers an advantage for cell culture monitoring due to its ability to deliver non-destructive,real-time, and multiparametric analysis. However, its industrial deployment has been limited by methodologicalchallenges, primarily the spectral complexity of Raman signals and, most critically, the need for robust predictivemodels to correlate spectral features with critical parameters. In this study, we focus on the quantification of freeamino acids in cell culture media alongside monoclonal antibody Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs), such asaggregates, fragments, glycoforms, and charge variants. These attributes have a direct impact on clinical properties,influencing stability, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy, and must therefore beclosely monitored. Traditionally, these CQAs are measured off-line at the end of the culture, providing a singlepointmeasurement approach that only reflects the cumulative impact of process conditions over the wholeduration of the batch but fails to give a detailed hour-by-hour description of variations with time. To address thislimitation, we applied Raman spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis (MVDA), specificallyPartial Least Squares (PLS) modeling, to develop predictive models enabling real-time monitoring of CQAs andfree amino acids during CHO fed-batch cultures. A DUPLEX-based subset selection strategy was employed,outperforming the performance of traditional batchwise approaches. The resulting models demonstrated highpredictive accuracy across both CQAs and amino acid profiles. Collectively, these results highlight the potentialof high-throughput in-line analytics to enhance process understanding, enable timely adjustments, and ultimatelyimprove product quality
A database of Renaissance printing types and engraved materials: BATYR
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Ontogenesis of protein-energy metabolism in two divergent broiler lines selected for ultimate pH of the Pectoralis major muscle
No full textInternational audienceEarly phenotypic and metabolic characterization of chickens, issued from a commercial fast-growing line and selected for ultimate pH (a proxy of muscle glycogen reserves) of the Pectoralis major, revealed that, although they did not differ at hatching in terms of weight and breast muscle yield, they already showedmetabolic differences, probably related to variations in the nutrient availability and/or utilization in ovo (Métayer-Coustard et al., 2021). Fine characterization of the yolk and amniotic fluid by NMR showed quantitative and qualitative differences in the metabolites and nutrients potentially available to developing embryos, which may contribute to the metabolic and developmental differences observed after hatching between the pHu+ and pHu- lines (Petit et al., 2022). To determine the consequences of these different nutrient supplies on embryo metabolism, and to define the window during which metabolic orientation takes place in these two lines, the ontogeny of protein-energy metabolism was studied in the liver (a metabolic crossroads) at different stages of embryonic development (E12, E14, E18)and post-hatching (D0, D8). Eight clusters of genes showed a common expression profile between embryonic day 12 (E12) and post-hatch day 8 (D8). These clusters are not representative of any specific metabolic pathway or function. At E12 and E14, the majority of genes differentially expressed between the two lines were overexpressed in the pHu+ line. Our results highlighted a metabolic orientation for pHu+ line toward proteolysis, glycogen degradation, ATP synthesis, autophagy, probably in response to higher energy requirement than those of pHu- line. Conversely, the majority of genes differentially expressed from E18 were overexpressed in the pHu- line. During the metabolic switch at E18, there was a decrease in the expression of genes linked to several metabolic functions (e.g. protein synthesis, autophagy and mitochondrial activity). A gender effect was also observed for several metabolic pathways at D0 and D8. Metabolism appeared to be more active and oriented towards protein synthesis and fatty acid β-oxidation in males, while genes overexpressed in females are linked to carbohydrate metabolism. Our results highlighted that the metabolic orientations specific to the pHu+ and pHu- lines are established very early, probably in relation to their different genetic backgrounds and available nutrients. An indirect approach also revealed a distinct metabolic signature between pHu+ and pHu- embryos as early as E10 by NMR analysis of the chorioallantoic fluid in embryonated eggs. This fluid is considered to be a compartment that stores both the embryo’s metabolic waste products of the embryos, free amino acids and other important compounds that can be reused for embryo nutrition at the end of development. Theinnovative aspect of this approach lies in the demonstration that the egg could serve as a source of relevant, early indicators or biomarkers of the animal’s energy status or chick’s robustness
Testosterone therapy and the risk of atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular events in cis men with hypogonadism and trans men
No full textInternational audienceObjective: While the cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy in men remains controversial, limited data exist for trans men treated with testosterone. We assessed cardiovascular events, mortality, and suicide attempts under testosterone therapy in both cis men with hypogonadism and trans men.Methods: Participants were recruited from the TriNetX Research network. We compared 117 908 cis men with hypogonadism treated with testosterone with 1:1 propensity score matched cis men not treated. We compared 6251 trans men treated with 6251 trans men not treated with testosterone and 6986 trans men treated to 6986 cis men not treated with testosterone.Results: After 5 years of follow-up, cis men with testosterone therapy had a lower risk of myocardial infarction (HR [hazard ratio]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.89-0.99], P = .01) with no difference for stroke or mortality, but higher risks of atrial fibrillation (1.27 [1.22-1.32], P < .0001) and acute pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (1.26 [1.18-1.34], P < .0001). Trans men treated with testosterone had no significant increase in the rate of cardiovascular outcomes as compared to both untreated trans and cis men. There was a lower rate of suicide attempts for trans men treated with testosterone as compared to untreated trans men (0.52 [0.35-0.78], P = .001), without significant differences when compared to untreated cis men.Conclusions: Testosterone treatment in cis men with hypogonadism was associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction but a higher risk of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Testosterone therapy in trans men was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events when compared to untreated trans men or cis men
Étude des effets du vieillissement sur les corrélats électrophysiologiques de jugements métamnésiques : apport de la MSH
No full textInternational audienceAvec le vieillissement de la population, un enjeu essentiel consiste à mieux comprendre les changements cognitifs qui apparaissent avec l’avancée en âge, de façon à favoriser un vieillissement cognitif optimal. Environ 40 % des adultes âgés de plus de 50 ans expriment ressentir des difficultés de mémoire (Bassett & Folstein, 1993; Ponds, 1998), qui sont souvent associées à une mauvaise qualité de vie (Montejo et al., 2012) et une faible estime de soi (Crane et al., 2007). Le thème central de la recherche proposée est la métamémoire, c’est-à-dire la capacité de réfléchir à notre mémoire et à réguler son fonctionnement. En effet, les adultes âgés peuvent rencontrer des difficultés à évaluer avec précision leurs forces et leurs faiblesses en matière de mémoire, ce qui conduit à une surestimation de leurs capacités et à une sensibilité réduite aux difficultés de mémoire (Bruce et al., 1982 ; Isingrini et al., 2008). Le déficit métamnésique chez les adultes âgés se traduit également par une difficulté à initier les stratégies mnésiques les plus efficaces, entrainant ainsi des performances mnésiques déficitaires. Ainsi, l’objectif principal de cette recherche est d’investiguer et de mieux spécifier les mécanismes neurocognitifs associés à la métamémoire épisodique au cours du vieillissement via une investigation en électroencéphalographie (EEG). Ce projet permettra d’établir une collaboration internationale (Oslo, Norvège) ainsi qu’une expertise dans une analyse spécifique en EE
Intranasal exposure to commensal bacterium Rothia mucilaginosa protects against influenza A virus infection
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Vascular leakage during circulatory failure: physiopathology, impact and treatments
No full textInternational audienceVascular leakage has emerged as a major factor during circulatory failure. Triggered by the inflammatory process following the recognition of both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), it worsens circulatory failure through the hypovolemia it induces. It may also crucially participate in secondary microcirculation disorders and organ dysfunctions, due to interstitial edema resulting from extravascular fluid accumulation. Accordingly, fluid balance, i.e., the difference between fluid intake and output, is directly related with outcomes during the different types of shock. Moreover, controlling vascular leakage had beneficial effects in various animal models of circulatory failure. However, despite promising preclinical findings, no routine drug is currently available to control vascular leakage in humans. This review depicts the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of a quiescent endothelium and those implicated in the destabilization of its barrier function in various forms of shocks. It further describes available tools to explore vascular leakage and the most advanced treatments under development
The Silver Coinages of Achaian and Aitolian Federal States
No full textInternational audienceThe numismatic study and elemental analyses by LA-ICP-MS of the Hellenistic-period Aitolian, Peloponnesian, Boiotian, and Thessalian Federations, focusing on Athenian and Macedonian coins, which was recently carried out as part of the French-German KOINON project, suggest that the Achaian cities enjoyed an unexpected liberty over the way that the metal alloy was prepared. Federal authorities may well have controlled the final product, but the minting seems to have been done by the cities and not by a central mint. In contrast, the Aitolian Koinon struck its coinage in a central mint. Throughout this period of production, after 338–150 bc, the weight and the alloy of the coins — generally of better fineness than the Achaian coins — are constant, despite the economic difficulties in the last period of their coinage
"The Tragedy of Chabot, Admiral of France de George Chapman ou la chute du roi thaumaturge"
No full textInternational audienceThis article shows how, in The Tragedy of Chabot Admiral of France, George Chapman stages the discrepancy between the discourse of royal sacredness held by the character of the King and Chapman’s contemporaries, and the crisis thereof, revealed by Chabot’s disgrace. Ill at heart after his iniquitous trial, Chabot is not saved by the allegedly thaumaturgical powers of the King, who, in the process, loses his sacredness to the profit of his admiral.Cet article montre comment, dans La Tragédie de Chabot amiral de France, George Chapman met en scène l’écart existant entre un discours de la mystique royale, tenu par le personnage du roi mais aussi par les contemporains anglais de Chapman, et la crise du sacré que la disgrâce de l’amiral révèle. Malade après le procès inique qui lui a été fait, Chabot n’est pas sauvé par les pouvoirs supposément thaumaturgiques du roi, qui perd ainsi son caractère sacré, au profit de son amiral