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Comprehensive analysis of sickle β+-thalassemia genotypes and their associated HbA levels in France
No full textInternational audienceWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 228 HbS/β+-thal patients. The different genotypes were distributed into three groups according to their mean residual HbA levels: <10 % (group 1; n = 22), between 10 and 20 % (group 2; n = 175) and > 20 % (group 3; n = 31). Routine red blood cells and hemoglobin parameters were compared between the three groups. Sixteen different sickle β+-thal genotypes were identified but only four of them were associated with a residual HbA level below 10 %. Patients of this group exhibited a more severe anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL; reticulocytes >200 G/L) compared to the two other groups. However, no difference could be observed on those parameters between patients of group 2 and 3, as well as for the main RBC parameters. According to our study, >80 % of the sickle β+-thalassemia patients in France have a residual HbA level beyond 10 % and a mild to moderate anemia. Only four β+-thal variations (all affecting the splicing process) would lead to a potentially severe SCD syndrome in association with HbS (HbA < 10 %) but this result should be confirmed in a prospective clinical study
Extraire la chaleur des entrailles de la Terre : La géothermie profonde, un levier de la transition énergétique ?
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Fish-tracker, un outil accessible pour analyser efficacement les données enregistrées par les caméras acoustiques.
No full textAcoustic cameras, high-frequency sonars, are efficient tools for studying fish behaviour, as whitefish spawning phenology in the littoral areas of lake. Finding tools that facilitate spawning monitoring is essential to a better knowledge and to take concerted management actions. In this study, we have tested a new tool, FishTracker to analyse data from the spawning season (2020-2021) of whitefish in Lake Geneva (Coregonus sp.). To analyse the efficiency of this open access tool, we analysed data with the usual methods: manual counting and the Sonar5-Pro software, often used for semi-automatic data analysis. Manual data processing is highly time-consuming to extract and validate information from acoustic recordings. Sonar5-Pro, is a powerful softwar well-known in acoustic camera studies to perform high precision target detections from acoustic camera data. FishTracker is easy to use, produced phenological trends closely aligned with manual counts and Sonar5-results, despite some over-counting FishTracker offers high stability and the ability to process large datasets simultaneously.Les caméras acoustiques, comme les sonars haute fréquence, sont des outils efficaces pour étudier le comportement des poissons, notamment la phénologie de la reproduction des corégones dans les zones littorales des lacs. Trouver des outils facilitant le suivi de la fraie est essentiel pour améliorer les connaissances et mettre en place des actions de gestion concertées.Dans cette étude, nous avons testé un nouvel outil, fishtracker, pour analyser les données de la saison de reproduction (2020-2021) des corégones dans le lac Léman (Coregonus sp.). Afin d’évaluer l’efficacité de cet outil en libre accès, nous avons comparé ses résultats avec ceux des méthodes habituelles : le comptage manuel et le logiciel Sonar5-Pro, souvent utilisé pour l’analyse semi-automatique des données. Le traitement manuel des données est une tâche particulièrement chronophage pour extraire et valider les informations issues des enregistrements acoustiques.Sonar5-Pro est un logiciel puissant, largement reconnu dans les études utilisant des caméras acoustiques, permettant une détection de cibles avec une grande précision. fishtracker est facile à utiliser et a produit des tendances phénologiques proches des comptages manuels et des résultats de Sonar5-Pro, malgré une légère surestimation du nombre de poissons. Il présente cependant une grande stabilité et la capacité de traiter simultanément de grands ensembles de données. Fish-tracker, un outil accessible pour analyser efficacement les données enregistrées par les caméras acoustiques
Teacher interactional justice and sense of belonging to school: examining the role of students’ socioeconomic status
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Comparable outcomes between cruciate‐substituting and posterior‐stabilized inserts in robotic total knee arthroplasty under the functional alignment principles
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Purpose Functional alignment (FA) has emerged as a personalized strategy in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to optimize outcomes by accounting for patient‐specific anatomical and soft tissue characteristics. Limited evidence exists on how polyethylene insert type, specifically cruciate‐substituting (CS) versus posterior‐stabilized (PS), impacts clinical outcomes and complications in this context. Methods This retrospective comparative study included 329 patients who underwent robotic‐assisted TKA with FA principles with a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Patients were divided into two groups: CS or PS implants. CS inserts were selected for patients with an intact posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while PS inserts were used in cases of PCL insufficiency or significant flexion contractures. Preoperative and post‐operative outcomes, including Knee Society Scores (KSS), Forgotten Joint Scores (FJS), range of motion (ROM) and complications, were assessed. Implant survivorship was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results At a median follow‐up of 36 months, no significant differences were observed between CS and PS groups in KSS (knee: p = 0.45; function: p = 0.4), FJS ( p = 0.7) or ROM (median flexion: 130° in both groups, p = 0.52). Specific complications included intraoperative lateral condyle fractures in the PS group and femoral component revisions due to instability in the CS group. The overall complication rates and implant survivorship were comparable ( p = 0.55 and p = 0.85, respectively). Conclusion This study is the first to evaluate polyethylene insert type in FA and demonstrates that both CS and PS inserts provide comparable outcomes and safety profiles in robotic‐assisted TKA. These findings underscore the importance of patient‐specific implant selection, with further research needed to assess long‐term results. Level of Evidence Level III
Fluid dynamics of planetary differentiation
No full textInternational audienceThe basic structure of the terrestrial planets-an iron-rich metallic core surrounded by a silicate mantle-was established during their accretion, when widespread melting allowed the metal and silicate phases to separate. The transfer of chemical elements and heat between the metal and silicate that occurred during this period is critical for the composition and initial temperature of the core and mantle, and has important implications for the long-term evolution and dynamics of the planets. After having summarised the main observational constraints on core-mantle differentiation, the article follows the sequence of processes that led to the formation of planetary cores, focusing on the contributions of laboratory fluid dynamics experiments to our understanding of these processes, and discussing the relevance and limitations of this approach to this problem. We first focus on the dynamics of planetary impacts, using laboratory experiments to illustrate and quantify the impact and cratering processes and the resulting metal phase dispersion. We then consider the two-phase flow that follows an impact, when a molten impactor core falls by buoyancy in a magma ocean. The model of miscible turbulent thermal, which we argue is a good reference model for the post-impact flow, is presented. We then discuss how additional factors-immiscibility and fragmentation, inertia inherited from the impact, Coriolis force, sedimentation-affect the predictions of this model, and discuss the extent of chemical equilibration. Finally, a last part of the article is devoted to the migration of the metal phase through a solid part of the mantle.La structure des planètes terrestres — un noyau métallique riche en fer entouré d’un manteau silicaté — a été établie pendant leur accrétion, lorsque la fusion généralisée a permis la séparation des phases métalliques et silicatées. Le transfert d’éléments chimiques et de chaleur entre métal et silicates qui s’est produit pendant cette période est déterminant pour la composition et la température initiale du noyau et du manteau, et a des implications importantes pour l’évolution et la dynamique à long terme des planètes. Après avoir résumé les principales contraintes observationnelles sur la différenciation noyau-manteau, l’article suit la séquence des processus qui ont conduit à la formation des noyaux planétaires, en se concentrantsur les contributions de l’approche de dynamique des fluides expérimentale à notre compréhension de ces processus, et en discutant de la pertinence et des limites de cette approche. Nous nous concentrons d’abord sur la dynamique des impacts planétaires, en utilisant des expériences de laboratoire pour illustrer et quantifier les processus d’impact et de cratérisation, et la dispersion de la phase métallique qui en résulte. Nous examinons ensuite l’écoulement diphasique qui suit un impact, lorsque le noyau d’un impacteur chute dans un océan de magma. Nous introduisons le modèle de thermique turbulent, qui constitue selon nous un bon modèle de référence pour l’écoulement post-impact. Nous discutons ensuite des facteurs additionnels — immiscibilité et fragmentation, inertie héritée de l’impact, force de Coriolis, sédimentation — pouvant affecter les prédictions de ce modèle. Enfin, la dernière partie de l’article est consacrée à la migration de la phase métallique à travers une partie solide du manteau
Co-occurrence drives horizontal gene transfer among marine prokaryotes
No full textUnderstanding the drivers of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key question in microbial evolution. While co-occurring taxa have long been appreciated to undergo HGT more often, this association is confounded with other factors, most notably their phylogenetic distance.To disentangle these factors, we analyzed 15,339 isolate and metagenome-assembled marine genomes. We identified HGT events across these genomes, and identified enrichments for functions previously shown to be prone to HGT. By mapping metagenomic reads from 1,862 ocean samples to these genomes, we also identified co-occurrence patterns and environmental associations. Although we observed an expected negative association between phylogenetic distance and HGT rates, we only detected the association between cooccurrence and phylogenetic distance when restricted to closely related taxa. This observation refines the previously reported trend to closely related taxa, rather than a consistent pattern across all taxonomic levels, at least within marine environments. In addition, we identified a significant association between co-occurrence and HGT, which remains even after controlling for phylogenetic distance and measured environmental variables. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant influence of ecological associations in shaping marine bacterial evolution through HGT.</p
OPTIC-BASED PATCH SENSOR FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
No full textInternational audienceNowadays accidents on bridges and buildings are regular and could intensify with climate change. In these conditions, it seems imperative to monitor civil engineering structures for accident prevention. In the majority of cases, problems occur because of damage to concrete. Cracks can appear under different conditions like mechanical disorder, the presence of water, and/or thermal expansions. This contribution is focused on the monitoring of cracks. For that, a consortium of 4 entities (Leon Grosse, Brochier Technologies, INOUid, and the laboratory LOCIE of the University Savoie Mont Blanc) has worked together through the SENTMI project. This work focuses on the development of a new sensor, based on the weaving of optical fiber developed by Brochier Technologies for reinforced concrete structures. This sensor can be embedded within superstructures or glued on the concrete's surface. Different from Bragg or Rayleigh fibers, this PMMA sensor's technology consists of a fabric featuring an optical fiber network that works with lateral light transmission. A displacement, like a crack that opens, implies a spread between a transmitting fiber and a receiving fiber, that induces a signal emission. The aims of this innovative sensor are numerous: detecting cracks, remotely tracking data over time, long-lasting during time and environment, sending alerts, low energy consumption, and less intrusive during set up and use. This sensor, when used in concrete structures, can detect opening cracks in the order of 0.01 mm in the laboratory with high precision, meeting regulatory standards of limit states (Eurocode2). It can accurately track crack evolution, including cyclic changes, by sensing both crack width increase and decrease. The procedure outlined in this paper includes a preliminary investigation into the influence of fiber diameter and density within the patch, as well as the attachment method to concrete surfaces, to select an optimal sensor configuration. Subsequently, the process of calibration is detailed, followed by numerous laboratory tests that were conducted on reinforced concrete samples of varying sizes. Comparisons and validations of optical fiber patch sensor measurements were performed using Digital Image Correlation. The concluding remarks of this paper may facilitate the consideration of deploying this new sensor both externally and internally within real reinforced concrete structures
Increased muscle satellite cell content and preserved telomere length in response to combined exercise training in patients with FSHD
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an inherited muscle disease characterized by weakness and muscle wasting. In the absence of available treatments, exercise training has emerged as a potential strategy to attenuate muscle tissue deterioration. However, little is known about the impact of chronic exercise on degenerative events and regenerative capacity in FSHD muscle. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 16 FSHD patients before and after a 24 week training program combining aerobic‐, strength‐ and high‐intensity exercise (Control; n = 8, Training; n = 8). Histochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were applied to assess histopathological signs, markers of regeneration, inflammatory infiltrates and satellite cell content. Muscle telomere length was measured as an indicator of the remaining regenerative capacity. The proportion of muscle fibres expressing developmental myosins and centralized myonuclei was not exacerbated after the intervention. Similarly, no alterations were observed in the number of inflammatory infiltrates (CD68 + cells). Alongside muscle hypertrophy in slow ( P = 0.022) and fast fibres ( P = 0.022 and P = 0.008), satellite cell content increased specifically in fast fibres (+75 %, P = 0.015), indicating a functional satellite cell pool in FSHD muscle. Importantly, exercise training was not associated with a shortening of muscle telomere length, suggesting that muscle cell turnover was not accelerated despite an expansion of the satellite cell pool. Our findings suggest that combined exercise training elicits beneficial muscular adaptations without impairing important indicators of skeletal muscle regenerative capacity in patients with FSHD. image Key points A 24 week combined exercise training program is a safe and well‐tolerated strategy to attenuate skeletal muscle deterioration in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients. Markers of histopathology, muscle fibre regeneration and inflammatory infiltrates were not exacerbated following exercise training in FSHD muscle. Here, we show novel data that exercise training in FSHD patients induced muscle fibre hypertrophy and triggered an expansion of the satellite cell pool specifically in fast fibres. Exercise training in these patients is not associated with a shortening of muscle telomere length thereby indicating a preserved capacity for muscle regeneration