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New Kinematic Model of the Early Opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Realm
No full textInternational audienceThe opening of the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean constitutes the final stage of Gondwana's breakup, leading to the separation of the African and South American continents. The early spreading has been debated due to the absence of magnetic anomalies related to the Early Cretaceous opening at low latitude, and an incomplete fracture zone record, hidden by volcanic overprint and/or partially subducted. This study proposes a novel kinematic reconstruction dedicated to the Equatorial Atlantic rifting refined from an existing model. Our approach integrates seismic and gravimetry data from the margin of the Equatorial Atlantic. We propose a new segmentation of the Equatorial Atlantic, with the St Paul Fracture Zone delineating the northern and southern Equatorial Atlantic domains. Based on the continental margin obliquity of the northern Equatorial Atlantic, and the Cretaceous Jurassic Line dividing the Equatorial Ocean from the Central Atlantic Oceans, we propose an early opening history of the northern Equatorial Atlantic in two phases. A primary Early Cretaceous phase involves strike‐slip movement between West Africa and the Guyana block. This rifting phase is accommodated by introducing intraplate deformation in the Amazon basins. In the Albian, a kinematic reorganization associated with the northward propagation of the South Atlantic leads to a secondary and final opening phase of the entire Equatorial Atlantic. This new model enhances the understanding of the regional tectonics and kinematics history, with potential implications on the Lesser Antilles Arc subduction geohazards, and on the evolution of the triple junction between the Equatorial Atlantic, Central Atlantic, and proto‐Caribbean oceans
Interlinguistic Concordance in International Adjudication: The Translation Link in Multilingual Interpretation by the Court of Justice of the EU and the WTO’s Appellate Body
No full textInternational audienceComparative interpretation practices differ among international adjudicative bodies in cases of insufficient concordance between language versions of multilingual legal instruments. This study examines instances of explicit comparison by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body (AB), including the text types and number of languages involved, the cases of divergence identified, the interpretation methods applied, the supporting material used, and more specifically, the discrepancies that may be related to translation issues. This “translation link” can often be inferred in the CJEU’s comparative interpretation, with a markedly teleological orientation and a less comprehensive comparison of the EU official languages. In contrast, the AB shows a more systematic application of literal methods when comparing the three language versions of WTO texts, including the frequent recourse to dictionaries, and no evidence of translation issues as the origin of cases of apparent divergence. This research illustrates the key role of high-quality translation in ensuring legal certainty, and the potential benefits of integrating translation expertise into multilingual legal interpretation processes in international adjudication
Démarche de conception et de fabrication d’une structure lentille à gradient d’indice avec variation d’orientation de fibres pour la focalisation d’ondes
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An overview of grid code possible requirements for an interoperability MVAC/MVDC systems -Focus on fault detection for a future PV power plant
No full textInternational audienceAn AC/DC interoperability is expected to be part of the future grid but is not currently developed at medium voltage level. Standardization efforts are necessary to develop medium voltage DC (MVDC) systems. This article discusses the existing grid code for medium voltage (MV) applications, providing an overview of the existing requirements and the future requirements expected for the development of MVDC applications. Behaviour of a hybrid AC/DC system during fault situations through PLECS based simulation has been provided
Adapting the City to the Specific Sensory Needs of Autistic People: A Participatory Research Approach
No full textInternational audienceContext: Cities are spaces in which our senses are particularly solicited: vehicle noise, light reflections on glass surfaces, illuminated signs, food odors and more.... For people with atypical neurological or sensory functioning, such as autistic individuals, the intense sensory stimulation present in urban environments can make cities overwhelming, limiting their autonomy and quality of life. The aim of this study is to identify the micro-designs of public space that are favorable and unfavorable to people with autism, based on their experiential knowledge.Method:During the first stage, this participatory project was designed by a consortium of researchers, autistic people, clinicians and local authority representatives, all of whom were involved in decision-making throughout the project’s stages., After receiving ethical approval, an initial phase consisted of semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 autistic adults and 20 professionals who work with them on a daily basis (e.g., specialized educators, psychologists). Participants were asked to express their experience of the city, based on photographs of the urban environment (streets, crosswalks, benches). In a second phase, five design thinking workshops were held with local authority staff (road planning, accessibility),organizations and autistic people, to present the results and foster the collaborative development of solutions, using the various expertise, to make the city more accessible.Results: Overall, urban designs of cities are often a significant source of fatigue, physical discomfort or pain, anxiety and even distress for autistic people. However, micro-designs modifications in public spaces can improve their experience autonomy. Findings showed that sidewalks should be sufficiently wide, with clear traffic- flows rules and indicators, visually-defined boundaries with the roadway, shaded, and not cluttered on the ground. Crosswalks should follow a standardized structure to facilitate identification and use. Vehicles and bicycles speeds should be reduced. Finally, incorporation of quiet areas, plants or water features (fountains, streams) can improve the urban experience for autistic people. The presence of dogs was also identified as an area of interest for some autistic people and warrants further exploration.Discussion: Reducing sensory stimuli to those useful for interaction with urban environments can help limit sensory overload. Physically structuring public spaces to take account of visual, deficit of visual function and vestibular particularities, along with the creation of recuperation areas through increased natural elements, and clearly defined public space usage rules would improve the autonomy for autistic people. Only a participatory approach involving the voices of people with autism and professionals can gather this type of information, which comes under the heading of user expertise. Future perspectives include testing the effect of these micro-adaptations on the behavior and well-being of autistic people during their regular walk but also better characterize the neurovisual and vestibular disorders that have an impact on the urban experience of autistic people.Conclusion: Cities are rich in stimuli that are often poorly adapted to the atypical functioning of autistic people. However, simple solutions can be implemented to enhance walkability, autonomy and overall well-being for neurodivergent individuals in urban environments
Risk Management in Closed-loop Supply Chains: A Methodology Towards Fair Distribution of Financial Gains
No full textInternational audienceThe transition from linear to closed-loop supply chains can generate financial gains through the recirculation of residual materials. However, closed-loop supply chains face risks of financial losses that may impact all stakeholders. Therefore, to mitigate stakeholders’ risk aversion and ensure their profitability, a systemic risk management approach for closed-loop supply chain managers is necessary. This article proposes a novel methodology to support a fair distribution of the financial gains resulting from the circular economy, based on stakeholders’ contributions within the closed-loop supply chain, by sharing risks among them. The main contributions of this study include the conceptualization of four risk categories to assess (pre-existing, new, individual, and interrelated), and the definition of eight stakeholders’ contribution criteria (categorized into investment, responsibility, control, and qualification). The risk management methodology was applied to a real case study of a closed-loop supply chain involving two stakeholders for the reuse of spring street sweepings in winter road maintenance. The results demonstrate that: i) the transition generates a 4,666 gain for the service provider due to risk reduction, and iii) risk sharing enables a fair distribution of the total $30,734 gain based on stakeholders’ contributions (55% for the road authority and 45% for the service provider). This study should encourage closed-loop supply chain managers to address risks of financial losses to overcome stakeholders’ reluctance to engage and collaborate in closed-loop supply chains, thereby strengthening their implementation
Fourth order Saint-Venant inequalities: maximizing compliance and mean deflection among clamped plates
No full text35 pagesInternational audienceWe prove a fourth order analogue of the Saint-Venant inequality: the mean deflection of a clamped plate under uniform transverse load is maximal for the ball, among plates of prescribed volume in any dimension of space. The method works in Euclidean space, hyperbolic space, and the sphere. Similar results for clamped plates under small compression and for the compliance under non-uniform loads are proved to hold in two dimensional Euclidean space, with the higher dimensional and curved cases of those problems left open
Measurements of charmed meson and antimeson production asymmetries at TeV
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents doubly differential measurements of the asymmetries in production rates between mesons containing a charm quark and those containing an anticharm quark in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of TeV using data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The asymmetries of , and mesons are measured for two-dimensional intervals in transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, within the range GeV and . No significant production asymmetries are observed. Comparisons to the Pythia 8 and Herwig 7 event generators are also presented, and their agreement with the data is evaluated. These measurements constitute the first measurements of production asymmetries at this centre-of-mass energy of colliding beams, and the first measurements with the LHCb Run 3 detector
Lentille à gradient d'indice en matériaux composite pour la focalisation d'ondes élastiques de flexion dans une large bande de fréquence : validation en composite unidirectionnel à épaisseur constante
No full textInternational audienceCe travail présente une nouvelle approche utilisant des matériaux composites pour concevoir des lentilles à gradient d'indice (lentilles GRIN). La focalisation de l'énergie vibratoire élastique de flexion suscite un grand intérêt dans des domaines tels que la récupération d'énergie pour des applications comme le contrôle d'état de santé des structures, les structures intelligentes ou les capteurs autonomes. Les lentilles GRIN sont des systèmes dans lesquels un profil de propriétés mécaniques permet aux ondes de se propager le long de trajectoires courbes pour se concentrer sur une zone spécifique. Différentes stratégies de conception et procédés de fabrication, de complexité variable, ont été explorées. Les composites offre une liberté de conception permettant des modifications locales de propriétés afin d'atteindre le gradient de propriétés nécessaires à la focalisation. Plusieurs stratégies de conception sont possibles pour atteindre ce gradient d'indice de réfraction connu pour focaliser l'énergie vibratoire. Une stratégie mise en œuvre ici repose sur le contrôle du taux massique de fibres d'un composite unidirectionnel (UD) à épaisseur constante. Les calculs numériques démontrent l'efficacité de la focalisation de l'énergie dans une plage de fréquences allant de 2 kHz à 8 kHz. Dans ce cadre de conception, la comparaison entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux sur la structure de lentille fabriquée a montré que la densité d'énergie dans une zone de focalisation définie peut être multipliée par un facteur de 7 pour une onde plane incidente à 8 kHz
Des outils interdisciplinaires pour l’étude des activités pastorales de la Basse Provence aux Alpes occidentales durant l’âge du Fer
No full textInternational audienceIn ordre to characterize the nature of pastoral activities during Iron Age, between Lower Provence and the Western Alps, this poster highlights the value of a multi-proxy approach (pastoral archaeology, archaeozoology, isotopic analysis, sedimentary DNA, paleoecology).Agro-pastoral structures have been identified and excavated at high altitudes since the 1990s. In the Nice hinterland, some settlements potentially dedicated to this purpose have more recently been distinguished from fortified sites. A comparison with the inventory of small artifacts linked to dairy and wool-related activities, mostly recorded in plain areas, will also be presented.Regarding fauna, recent studies enhance our understanding of the evolution of dietary choices and animal husbandry methods. Isotopic data obtained from the teeth of goats have recently shed new light on the mobility of herds.Finally, pollen and anthracological data allow for a reconstruction of vegetation changes and human impact over time. Sedimentary DNA now provides a fresh perspective on the anthropization of these environments.This poster complements a presentation in session 2 ("Mobility, livestock production and supply strategies in the western Alpine Arc and its Mediterranean margins: a synthesis of recent works on the Iron Age").Afin de caractériser la nature des activités pastorales durant la Protohistoire, entre Basse Provence et Alpes occidentales, ce poster présente l’intérêt d’une approche multi-proxies (archéologie pastorale, archéozoologie, analyses isotopiques, ADN sédimentaire, paléoécologie). Des structures agro-pastorales ont été identifiées et fouillées en altitude, depuis les années 1990. Dans l’arrière-pays niçois, certains établissements potentiellement voués à cet usage ont plus récemment été distingués des sites fortifiés. Une confrontation avec l’inventaire des petits artéfacts en lien avec l’activité laitière et lainière, majoritairement recensés en zone de plaine, sera également proposée.Concernant la faune, de récentes études complètent la compréhension de l’évolution des choix alimentaires, mais aussi les méthodes d’élevage. Depuis peu, les données isotopiques obtenues sur les dents des caprinés renouvèlent les connaissances sur la mobilité des troupeaux.Enfin, les données de la palynologie et de la pédoanthracologie permettent une reconstruction de l’évolution de la végétation et de l’empreinte anthropique au fil du temps. L’ADN sédimentaire fournit aujourd’hui une nouvelle perception de cette anthropisation des milieux.Ce poster est complémentaire d’une communication en session 2 (“Mobilité, productions animales et stratégies d’approvisionnement de l’Arc alpin occidental et ses marges méditerranéennes : synthèse des travaux récents sur l’âge du Fer ”)