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Electrical resistance of a glass-polymer bilayer under medium voltage for photovoltaic modules and related phenomena
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Optimisation de l'Intégration Photovoltaïque (PV) dans les Bâtiments Résidentiels Optimization of Photovoltaic (PV) Integration in Residential Buildings
No full textInternational audienceAs energy prices rise, solar photovoltaic (PV) has become an attractive option for residential buildings. However, their integration can pose challenges due to mismatches between energy supply and demand.This study investigates the optimal placement of PV panels on building envelope, considering various load profiles. Energy objective (e.g., load-matching (kWh)) and economic objectives (e.g., net presentvalue (C)) are optimized. Results show that load profiles influence optimal solutions, with faccades enhancing energy objective, while roofs are more favorable for economic objectives. Further findings are discussed.Avec la hausse des prix de l'énergie, le photovoltaïque devient une option attractive pour les bâtiments résidentiels. Cependant, son intégration peut poser des défis à cause des déséquilibres entre l'offre et la demande et donc impacter les réseaux. Cette étude analyse le placement optimal des panneaux PV, en tenant compte des profils de charge afin d'atteindre une meilleure adéquation. Les objectifs énergétiques (par exemple, l'adaptation de la charge) et économiques (par exemple, la valeur actuelle nette du kWh) sont optimisés. Les résultats montrent que les profils de charge influencent les solutions optimales, les fac ¸ades étant meilleures pour l'objectif énergétique et les toits pour les objectifs économiques
How can social innovation create a link between wool processing and territorial development?: A comparative approach between French and Italian Alps
No full textInternational audienceWool production is a traditional activity in many mountain regions. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the processing underwent a degree of industrialisation, accompanied by increasingly globalised trade. Today, industrial wool processing activities have all but disappeared from Western Europe, with the exception of a few specialist centers, such as Biella in the Italian Piedmont.However, since the 1970s, and more visibly since the 2000s, the value of wool has become the focus of an increasing number of initiatives based on social innovation. The resource, which is still present in sheep-breeding regions, is of little commercial interest, but is still rich in craft skills, the (re)development of which is of interest to a growing number of players.We conducted surveys of wool industry players (breeders and processors) in the Hautes-Alpes (France) and in the province of Biella (Italy). On the Italian side, it appears that the links between industrial processing, which is still well established in the city, and the wool resources of the Biella mountains have almost completely disappeared. However, the province’s network of eco-museums is working to reactivate these links, through social innovation projects in which the cultural dimension plays an important role. On the French side, industry has given way to craft structures that are firmly rooted in their local areas, where they are relevant levers for a virtuous socio-ecological transition, while also being highly connected to international networks.Generally speaking, our work has highlighted the challenges of cooperation between the stakeholders in this sector, from agropastoralism to the craft and industrial development of wool, including aspects relating to the cultural and tourist development of the activity. The cross-fertilisation between the French and Italian Alps directly concerns the dynamics of the sector, which is based on cross-border networks and on the ambitions of mountain areas to make the transition
Introduction. L’écriture-limite de l’inhumain
No full textInternational audienceÉcrire la « Shoah » et non pas simplement « à propos de » la Shoah, c’est écrire la destruction de l’humain, c’est parler le langage de la mort. Or, précisément, selon le témoignage d’Améry, ce qui meurt pour l’intellectuel aux prises avec la situation-limite d’Auschwitz, c’est la figure de La Mort, parce que sa mort vécue ne se dissocie plus de la conscience de La Mort. Mais alors comment écrire la Shoah et selon quelle catharsis, sans que son esthétisation ne sombre dans l’insincérité
Probing a Light Scalar Boson with a few-MeV Proton Beam Deep Underground
No full textInternational audienceWe propose to investigate the production of a light scalar boson in low-energy proton-nucleus interactions using the 3.5 MV accelerator of the Bellotti Ion Beam Facility, located in the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory. Nuclear reactions induced by a few-MeV proton beam on suitable target materials can act as a controlled source of particles. Owing to the deep-underground location, the facility benefits from substantial cosmic-ray shielding, enabling searches for rare processes with minimal background. The produced particles will be sought with large-volume, low-background detectors already operating or currently under construction at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. This approach combines a tunable accelerator-based production mechanism with the exceptional sensitivity of underground rare-event searches, offering a novel avenue to probe light scalar bosons beyond the Standard Model
Neural Activation Down to the Spinal Cord during Action Language? A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Study
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Language comprehension is increasingly recognized as extending beyond the traditional linguistic system to engage motor and perceptual processes. This perspective is supported by numerous studies demonstrating that understanding action-related words often induces behavioral and neurophysiological changes in the motor system. However, it remains unclear whether the influence of action language on the motor system is restricted to cortical regions or whether it also extends to spinal structures, as observed during motor imagery. To address this, we used TMS and peripheral nerve stimulation to assess corticospinal excitability and cortico-motoneuronal transmission, respectively. Fifteen healthy and right-handed volunteers participated in four conditions: (i) rest, (ii) kinesthetic motor imagery of finger and wrist flexion, (iii) reading action sentences, and (iv) reading nonaction sentences. As anticipated, corticospinal excitability increased during both kinesthetic motor imagery and action reading compared to rest. Interestingly, although kinesthetic motor imagery also led to the expected increase in cortico-motoneuronal transmission, no such modulation occurred during action reading. These findings suggest that action reading do not modulate the excitability of high-threshold motoneurons at the spinal level, contrary to motor imagery. Further investigation is needed to test whether action reading activates lower-threshold spinal structures, such as interneurons involved in spinal presynaptic inhibition
Neural Activation Down to the Spinal Cord during Action Language? A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Study
No full textInternational audienceLanguage comprehension is increasingly recognized as extending beyond the traditional linguistic system to engage motor and perceptual processes. This perspective is supported by numerous studies demonstrating that understanding action-related words often induces behavioral and neurophysiological changes in the motor system. However, it remains unclear whether the influence of action language on the motor system is restricted to cortical regions or whether it also extends to spinal structures, as observed during motor imagery. To address this, we used TMS and peripheral nerve stimulation to assess corticospinal excitability and cortico-motoneuronal transmission, respectively. Fifteen healthy and right-handed volunteers participated in four conditions: (i) rest, (ii) kinesthetic motor imagery of finger and wrist flexion, (iii) reading action sentences, and (iv) reading nonaction sentences. As anticipated, corticospinal excitability increased during both kinesthetic motor imagery and action reading compared to rest. Interestingly, although kinesthetic motor imagery also led to the expected increase in cortico-motoneuronal transmission, no such modulation occurred during action reading. These findings suggest that action reading do not modulate the excitability of high-threshold motoneurons at the spinal level, contrary to motor imagery. Further investigation is needed to test whether action reading activates lower-threshold spinal structures, such as interneurons involved in spinal presynaptic inhibition
Investigation of potential biases in the comparison of membrane and conventional reactors in CO2 to methanol processes using process optimization
No full textInternational audienceMembrane reactors applied to methanol synthesis from CO2 aim to alleviate low reaction conversions by shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium through in-situ water removal. The comparison between membrane reactors and conventional fixed-bed reactors has been previously studied in the literature at the process level. In fact, in the literature, membrane and conventional fixed-bed reactors have been so far compared under identical operating conditions at the process scale. However, studies at the reactor scale have identified that these types of reactors might have different optimal operating conditions. Therefore, potential biases in previous process simulation studies are investigated in the present article through process optimization using an energy cost criterion. This study uses design-free pseudo-homogeneous isothermal and isobaric plugflow reactor models allowing the use of simplified and broad optimization variables. As a result, the optimal operating conditions for the membrane reactor process were found to depend significantly on the reactor’s GHSV and the membrane’s selectivity, and these conditions can differ greatly from those of a conventional fixed-bed reactor process. As such, comparing the two reactor types under the same operating conditions at the process level can lead to a bias favoring one reactor type depending on the chosen conditions. This study also explores the advantages of using compressed sweep gas and compares the performance of the two reactor types when varying levels of energy penalties are applied to high recycle ratios through the purge rate
A dream EEG and mentation database
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Magneto/electroencephalography (M/EEG) studies of dreaming are an essential paradigm in the investigation of neurocognitive processes of human consciousness during sleep, but they are limited by the number of observations that can be collected per study. Dream research also involves substantial methodological and conceptual variability, which poses problems for the integration of results. To address these issues, here we present the DREAM database—an expanding collection of standardized datasets on human sleep M/EEG combined with dream report data—with an initial release comprising 20 datasets, 505 participants, and 2643 awakenings. Each awakening consists, at minimum, of sleep M/EEG ( ≥ 20 s, ≥100 Hz, ≥2 electrodes) up to the time of waking and a standardized dream report classification of the subject’s experience during sleep. We observed that reports of conscious experiences can be predicted with objective features extracted from EEG recordings in both Rapid Eye Movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. We also provide several examples of analyses, showcasing the database’s high potential in paving the way for new research questions at a scale beyond the capacity of any single research group
From Climate Change to Eco-emotions: An Investigation of the Roles of the Experience of Climate Change and Individual Factors on Eco-emotions
No full textInternational audienceThis research aimed at investigating the respective roles of contextual (e.g., the ecological crisis experience) and individual factors (e.g., trait anxiety) in the elicitation of “eco-emotions”. Study 1 (N = 190) tested the extent to which the experience of climate change influences the experience of eco-emotions depending on how it is appraised. The results showed that, after reading a vignette describing climate change as a threat, a great loss, another-blame, or a self-blame, participants’ anxiety, fear, sadness, anger, and guilt differed very little from one another. Study 2 (N = 1302) investigated the best predictors of eco-emotions. It revealed that participants’ state anxiety and affect after an indirect experience of climate change and other events depended mainly on anxiety predispositions. Study 2 also suggested that the eco-emotions of climate anxiety and solastalgia—the latter comprising self-centered and other-centered concerns—were differentially associated with situational and individual factors: other-centered solastalgia is more strongly associated with environmental attitudes, while severe climate anxiety is more strongly associated with subjective experience of climate change, trait anxiety, and pro-environmental behaviors. Taken together, it appears that individual factors play a greater role than the experience of climate change in the elicitation of eco-emotions. Results are discussed in terms of future research avenues for understanding eco-emotions in their link with pro-environmental behavior