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Examining copper supply consistency in socioeconomic pathways: A mine-level dynamic approach
No full textInternational audiencePrimary copper production capacity is crucial given future demand and social, environmental, technical, economic, and political constraints, often overlooked in decarbonization pathway models. To address this, we propose a methodology to examine the consistency of the basic drivers of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for primary copper requirements using the DyMEMDS stock-flow model. Our approach involves projecting primary copper production capacities to 2050 on a mine-by-mine basis, integrating mining industry dynamics based on commercial data. Results indicate significant concerns regarding the consistency of SSPs' basic drivers for copper requirements, revealing potential gaps exceeding 40 Mt in worst-case scenarios. Such discrepancies could impact technology deployments necessary for socioeconomic and decarbonisation assumptions. We recommend that the decarbonization modeling community align scenarios with mining industry constraints. Considering resource efficiency and circular economy strategies is essential for proposing more consistent scenarios to decision-makers, thereby mitigating risks of copper supply shortages hindering climate actio
SMARTscape: An agent-based model to analyse rural landscapes multifunctionality
No full textInternational audienceLand-use changes and behavioural adaptation will be essential in global efforts to address environmental crises. For this, landscape multifunctionality will become critical to support a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), land productivity, and economic profitability. This study aims to explore pathways towards achieving sustainable food production while enabling multifunctionality. We developed SMARTscape, an empirically stylized agent-based model (ABM) developed to simulate interactions between land-use patterns, ES supply, and decision-making across a range of stylized landscapes inspired by New Zealand rural systems. SMARTscape combines three agent behavioural types—business-as-usual (BAU), profit-oriented (PO), and environment-oriented (EO)—with three decision-making rules of increasing social complexity. Agents interact with four collective entities (neighbours, peers, industry bodies, government), allowing simulation of bottom-up and top-down influence mechanisms. We designed a factorial experiment of 60 scenarios, from the combination of five landscape compositions, three decision rules, four agent-population behaviour mixes, and tested cluster size effect (on 10 cluster sizes from a very fragmented landscape to very aggregated) on 15 out of the 60 scenarios. Results show that land-use intensity and fragmentation are primary drivers of multifunctionality. However, profit-oriented behaviours can outperform environment-oriented strategies in intensive contexts, particularly through adoption of perennial systems, and behavioural diversity enhances trade-off management. Combined decision-making consistently led to higher multifunctionality, highlighting the importance of social influence. SMARTscape demonstrates the value of integrating social and spatial dynamics in a flexible modelling platform, offering both theoretical insights and a tool for exploring sustainable land-use transitions in data-poor but policy-relevant contexts
Relationship between geomorphological characteristics, environmental settings and activity of transitional rock glaciers: Insights from a statistical analysis in the French Alps
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Permafrost creep is manifested by the presence of rock glaciers in mountainous areas, which are climatically driven landforms. Under degrading permafrost conditions, these ice‐rich bodies tend to slow down until deactivation through a transition phase. However, the ongoing processes and their associated geomorphic responses remain are still poorly understood. This study aims to better understand the relationship between their activity, topo‐climate conditions, and associated geomorphic responses of transitional rock glaciers. The activity of 520 landforms in the French Alps was assessed through Differential Interferometry Single Aperture Radar (DInSAR). Kinematic attributes were then correlated with topo‐climatic and geomorphic characteristics using statistical exploration (Multiple Correspondence Analysis, MCA) and modelling (Multinomial/Binomial Logistic Regression, MLR/BLR). Results show that 71% of rock glaciers are stabilized or slow‐moving landforms, while 23% exhibit surface velocities greater than 10 cm/year. Both MCA and MLR/BLR highlight that fast‐moving rock glaciers are strongly correlated with higher latitudes, high elevations, steep slopes and convex morphologies, in contrast to slow‐moving rock glaciers. MLR analysis revealed further differences between slow and fast classes. Rock glaciers with velocities <1 cm/year and 1–10 cm/year are located at lower latitudes and elevations, and in regions with unfavourable permafrost conditions. However, the <1 cm/year class is still found on steep slopes, suggesting that these landforms may not contain enough ice to maintain permafrost creep. Rock glaciers with velocities between 1 and 10 cm/year are more likely on smoother slopes, but they also show high occurrence probabilities at high elevations, indicating dynamic deactivation processes. Finally, the 10–30 cm/year class is slightly more probable under unfavourable permafrost conditions, which may suggest ongoing climatic deactivation. High‐speed ranges were also associated with heterogeneous and small‐moving areas within rock glacier systems, suggesting the presence of restricted permafrost conditions within a deactivating system. This finding raises important questions about spatial transitions and the temporal evolution of such kinematic behaviour
RECORD: A Simple, Low-cost, Open-source IMU-based Tool for the Diagnosis of Body Schema Distortions
No full textInternational audienceObjective: In the psychology community, there is currently no standardized framework for assessing body schema distortions, either in research or clinical practice. To address this gap, we propose RECORD (RECOnfiguRing the Assessment of the boDy in motion), a cost-effective clinical tool designed to assess shoulder rotation as patient walks towards doorways. Methods and procedures: RECORD utilizes a single wireless pod, featuring an inertial measurement unit (IMU), placed on the acromion, which is adequate for measuring shoulder rotation. Our approach uses quaternion-based algorithm for robustness. We provide a comparison with gold-standard motion capture system, along with performance metrics and benchmark testing. Results: The system has demonstrated a constant accuracy of 1.39 • within the task range, regardless of the distance or movement performed by the subject. Conclusion: The device is adapted for assessing shoulder rotation in clinical practice and in psychological research contexts. The source files of the RECORD device hardware, algorithms and software codes are available on the open-source GitHub RECORD repository to enable accessibility, as well as future contributions to benefit the community. Clinical impact: This tool can enhance routine diagnosis by improving patient comfort, simplifying test implementation in clinical practice, and speeding up the analysis of psychological assessment results.</div
Je gère mon stress grâce aux TCC: 10 semaines pour mettre en pratique la méthode CBSM et apprivoiser son stress !
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Reproducibility of bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters to evaluate skeletal muscle properties
No full textInternational audienceBioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) can be used to evaluate skeletal muscle hydration and integrity in healthy and injured skeletal muscle, thanks to resistance and reactance variations. However, skeletal muscle measurements reproducibility and the effect of length changes have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility and the effect of knee angle on BIS measurements in the knee extensor. Healthy males participated in two experimental sessions, whole-body BIS measurements at rest, isometric maximal voluntary torque (Tmax), and BIS assessments at five knee angles (20°, 40°, 60°, 80° and 100° - full extension: 0°) at rest and during Tmax. Reproducibility was evaluated with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Whole-body BIS displayed moderate to very good reproducibility at rest (ICC: 0.56-0.82; CV: 3.8-15.4 %). Knee extensors BIS parameters showed a good reproducibility at rest (ICC: 0.53-0.94 and CV: 2.8-8.0 %) and were affected by muscle length, with an increase in intracellular resistance, membrane capacitance and a decrease in characteristic frequency at long muscle lengths (p < 0.05). Whole-body and local BIS parameters showed reproducibility values suitable for daily practice. These parameters are modified by knee angle suggesting a dependency to structural changes of the skeletal muscle
Clinical utility and prospective of TMS–EEG: Updated review from an international expert group
No full textInternational audienceTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique to stimulate the brain, while electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique to record its electrical activity. Their combined use (TMS–EEG) has been established only relatively recently, after successful development of TMS-compatible EEG amplifiers. TMS-EEG offers the unparalleled opportunity to directly perturb the brain with TMS and simultaneously record its response with EEG. This allows inferences on causal input–output relationships, therefore going critically beyond purely observational techniques, such as resting-state EEG or functional MRI, in the study of brain dynamics. This consensus review updates the work of Tremblay and coworkers (Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130: 802–844). Since then, substantial advances have been made in understanding contamination of TMS–EEG signals by physiological and non-physiological artifacts, as well as in developing strategies to avoid or control them. In parallel, new insights have emerged regarding the physiological mechanisms underlying TMS-EEG responses and their diagnostic and prognostic utility in a broad range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. As such, TMS-EEG is rapidly shaping a dynamic new field in clinical neurophysiology and neuroscience. This review provides a critical and comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge, including practical guidance for implementing TMS-EEG in the clinical setting
Three- to 8-year old children do not favor male power when allocating resources
No full textInternational audienceAbstract From an early age, children perceive power imbalances between genders, but their attitudes toward gendered power remain largely unexplored. We studied this issue using a resource allocation task with 653 French children aged 3–8 (50.15% girls) recruited between 2022 and 2023. Participants were exposed to a dyadic power interaction and had to distribute more resources to either the dominant or the subordinate character. We tested three hypotheses: H1 predicted a male dominance bias; H2 predicted own-gender favoritism; and H3 predicted sensitivity to hierarchical status only. Contrary to H1, no pro-male bias was found. Results supported H3: younger children favored dominant characters, while older children favored subordinates. H2 was partially supported, showing own-gender bias, stronger in girls, without overriding sensitivity to status
Generalized Nonnegative Structured Kruskal Tensor Regression
No full textInternational audienceThis paper introduces Generalized Nonnegative Structured Kruskal Tensor Regression (NS-KTR), a novel tensor regression framework that enhances interpretability and performance through modespecific hybrid regularization and nonnegativity constraints. Our approach accommodates both linear and logistic regression formulations for diverse response variables while addressing the structural heterogeneity inherent in multidimensional tensor data. We integrate fused LASSO, total variation, and ridge regularizers-each tailored to specific tensor modes-and develop an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based algorithm for parameter estimation. Comprehensive experiments on synthetic signals and real hyperspectral datasets demonstrate that NS-KTR consistently outperforms conventional tensor regression methods. The framework's ability to preserve distinct structural characteristics across tensor dimensions while ensuring physical interpretability makes it especially suitable for applications in signal processing and hyperspectral image analysis. The source code is available at https://github.com/xnnjw/General-NSKTR
Euclid preparation. Galaxy 2-point correlation function modelling in redshift space
No full textInternational audienceThe Euclid satellite will measure spectroscopic redshifts for tens of millions of emission-line galaxies. In the context of Stage-IV surveys, the 3-dimensional clustering of galaxies plays a key role in providing cosmological constraints. In this paper, we conduct a model comparison for the multipole moments of the galaxy 2-point correlation function (2PCF) in redshift space. We test state-of-the-art models, in particular the effective field theory of large-scale structure (EFT), one based on the velocity difference generating function (VDG), and different variants of Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) models, such as convolutional LPT (CLPT) and its effective-field-theory extension (CLEFT). We analyse the first three even multipoles of the 2PCF in the Flagship 1 simulation, which consists of four snapshots at . We study both template-fitting and full-shape approaches and find that with the template-fitting approach, only the VDG model is able to reach a minimum fitting scale of at without biasing the recovered parameters. Indeed, the EFT model becomes inaccurate already at . Conversely, in the full-shape analysis, the CLEFT and VDG models perform similarly well, but only the CLEFT model can reach while the VDG model is unbiased down to at the lowest redshift. Overall, in order to achieve the accuracy required by Euclid, non-perturbative modelling such as in the VDG or CLEFT models should be considered. At , the CLPT model is sufficient to describe the data with high figure of merit. This comparison selects baseline models that perform best in ideal conditions and sets the stage for an optimal analysis of Euclid data in configuration space