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Intercomprehension as an Educational Framework and Epistemological Paradigm.
No full textInternational audienceThis article serves as the introduction to the present thematic section of Philologica Jassyensia dedicated to Intercomprehension (IC). It explores IC as both a pedagogical approach and an epistemological paradigm within the broader context of plurilingual language education. Tracing its evolution from a strategy for accessing related languages to a complex framework for developing receptive and productive competences, the study highlights IC's role in fostering linguistic awareness, intercultural dialogue, and collaborative learning. Drawing on theoretical models and empirical research, it positions IC within the family of Pluralistic Approaches and emphasizes its integration into telecollaborative and COIL methodologies. Special attention is given to its impact on student motivation, soft skills, and communicative adaptability, particularly in the context of shortterm mobility. In the second part, the article presents and discusses the contributions gathered in this Philologica Jassyensia section, grouping them around three thematic axes: theoretical and historical redefinitions of IC; pedagogical practices and training experiences; and IC's role in fostering transversal competences and intercultural citizenship. Overall, IC is presented as a transformative educational strategy, capable of responding to the challenges of multilingual societies and of reshaping language education through inclusion, diversity, and critical reflection
Coupling QTQt and Pecune thermal(-kinematic) modelling for interpreting low temperature thermochronology data : application to the Têt fault zone Eastern Pyrenees)
No full textInternational audienceThe Earth’s surface long-term evolution is controlled by the combination of tectonic, erosion and climate processes. Thermal (-kinematic) modelling approaches based on low-temperature thermochronology are efficient tools to reconstruct the thermal evolution of the crust and tectono-geomorphic histories. The isotherm shape and wavelength are especially controlled by the overlying topography and its evolution; therefore, the upper-crust thermal evolution is influenced by both rock exhumation and topographic changes or fault motion. In this context, constraining the tectono-geomorphological evolution of mountain ranges appears as a major challenge, especially in areas where the exhumation history and topographic evolution are contrasted and difficult to disentangle. We performed 1D thermal (QTQt) and 3D thermo-kinematic (Pecube) modelling along the Têt fault (Eastern Pyrenees) using a dense spatial low-temperature thermochronological dataset. In this area, spatio-temporal variations in Neogene faulting are still unclear and the topographic evolution models are debated. 1D thermal modelling reveals a cooling event (∼10°C/Ma) during the Serravallian-Tortonian (12–9 Ma), related to major topographic changes. The different topographic evolution models proposed for the Eastern Pyrenees have been tested in a 3D thermo-kinematic model, using the same low-temperature dataset. Model outcomes show a significant mid-Neogene extensional tectonic event with kilometric displacement along the Têt fault regardless of the topographic scenario considered. This tectonic activity may have had a non-negligible role on the late-stage relief evolution. This example shows that coupled modelling approaches for quantitative interpretation of low-temperature thermochronology data can be relevant to disentangle geomorphological and tectonic components in the upper-crust thermal evolution
Troubles de la cognition mathématique chez l’enfant : mieux comprendre, évaluer et intervenir
No full textLes recherches présentées dans cet écrit d’Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR) portent sur la cognition mathématique chez l’enfant. Trois domaines sont abordés : la compréhension du développement et des troubles de la cognition mathématique chez l’enfant, l’évaluation des compétences mathématiques ainsi que l’intervention auprès des enfants présentant un trouble de la cognition mathématique. Une première partie présente des études portant sur la compréhension du développement et des troubles de la cognition mathématique chez l’enfant. En particulier, elle participe du débat entre développement du langage et développement mathématique. Une première section traite du développement du vocabulaire mathématique. Les résultats montrent notamment que les enfants issus de milieux socioéconomiques défavorisés ont un vocabulaire mathématique moindre par rapport à leurs pairs issus de milieux socioéconomiques ordinaires, que cet effet s’explique en fait par le statut majoritairement bilingue des enfant, et que les mécanismes d’apprentissage mathématique, et notamment le rôle du vocabulaire mathématique, sont différents selon que les enfants apprennent les mathématiques dans la langue parlée à la maison ou dans une seconde langue. Une deuxième section traite des difficultés et des interventions mathématiques chez les enfants présentant un trouble développemental du langage. Les résultats montrent que la difficulté des enfants avec un trouble développemental du langage à résoudre des problèmes à énoncé verbal ne dépend pas de la structure du problème mais davantage de difficultés linguistiques inhérentes à l’énoncé et qu’il est possible d’améliorer les habiletés mathématiques des enfants avec un trouble développemental du langage, notamment les habiletés numériques (comptine, dénombrement) et mathématiques (résolution de problèmes). Une deuxième partie présente un ensemble de recherches portant sur le développement d’outils visant à repérer et diagnostiquer les personnes présentant un trouble des apprentissages en mathématiques. Les résultats mettent en évidence le développement d’outils de dépistage du trouble des apprentissages en mathématiques et d’évaluation des habiletés cognitives et fonctionnelles mathématiques pour la population francophone. Une troisième partie présente un ensemble de recherches sur l’intervention auprès des enfants présentant un trouble de la cognition mathématique. L’angle choisi est celui de l’effet de l’utilisation des manipulatifs (objets concrets). Les résultats montrent l’utilisation des manipulatifs est efficace chez les enfants au développement typique et pour ceux avec un trouble des apprentissages en mathématiques, mais que cet effet dépend du focus mathématique visé, des affordances des objets et des caractéristiques individuelles. A la fin de chacune de ces trois parties, une sous-section présente le programme de recherches proposé dans les années à venir. Celles-ci s’articulent donc autour de ces mêmes trois axes. Pour poursuivre mes travaux concernant l’étude du lien entre langage et mathématique, un projet visant l’étude du transcodage des nombres chez diverses populations à contexte langagier particulier (enfants en situation de bilinguisme, enfants un trouble développemental du langage, enfants sourds) et l’étude de la résolution de problèmes à énoncé verbal, notamment l’impact de diverses caractéristiques langagières (contenu sémantique, place de la question, respect de la chronologie). Je propose aussi de poursuivre mes travaux concernant le développement d’outils d’évaluation pour la population francophone, avec la conception et la validation d’outils d’évaluation fonctionnelle des difficultés mathématiques pour les enfants, les adolescent·e·s et les adultes et avec la conception et la validation d’un outil d’évaluation cognitive des habiletés mathématiques des adolescent·e·s et des adultes. Enfin, je propose de poursuivre mes travaux relatifs aux interventions efficaces, notamment en évaluant l’influence du genre dans le gain offert par l’utilisation de manipulatifs ainsi que pour promouvoir l’acquisition du vocabulaire mathématique chez les enfants de maternelle et chez ceux présentant des difficultés d’une part et pour promouvoir la résolution de problèmes à énoncé verbal chez les enfants avec un trouble développemental du langage d’autre part
An ICA-based artifact suppression method for online extraction of TMS-evoked potentials: toward closed-loop TMS-EEG applications beyond the motor cortex
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) has become a valuable tool in clinical and cognitive neuroscience. However, TMS-EEG signals often suffer from severe artifacts, particularly in lateral cortical regions where TMS-evoked muscle arti-facts are pronounced, making real-time recovery of TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) challenging. We developed and validated a real-time, two-step independent component analysis (ICA)-based artifact cleaning method for TMS-EEG signals, facilitating the rapid extraction of clean neural signals for closed-loop neurostimulation applications. Approach. Our method involves an offline ICA training phase, where ICA weights and artifact topographies are identified using pre-experimental trials, fol-lowed by an online phase in which the precomputed weight matrices are applied in real-time to in-coming data. We conducted simulations on two pre-published TMS-EEG datasets (N = 28, ROIs = 6) to validate the method by identifying the minimum number of trials required to estimate ICA weights. We also assessed the reproducibility of TEPs and the stability of ICA components, taking classical offline TEPs as the relative ground truth. Main Results. ICA analysis suggests that it can be applied reliably within each region without significant loss of convergence and stability, provided careful consideration is given to the size and composition of the data used for ICA training. Simula-tion results indicated that while central regions could achieve reliable TEPs similar to ground truth with as few as 20–30 trials to train ICA in the pre-experimental phase, frontal and occipital regions required 50–60 trials to reach a comparable level of reliability. Later TEP peaks (>100 ms) in all re-gions achieved high reproducibility when at least 35 training trials were used, whereas earlier peaks (>20 ms) showed moderate reproducibility with the same number of trials. Significance. These find-ings establish the feasibility and proof-of-concept for real-time ICA-based artifact removal for closed-loop TMS-EEG applications. The method enables rapid extraction of clean neural signals, allowing adaptation of stimulation parameters in real time, thereby facilitating individualized neurostimula-tion paradigms
First observation of violation and measurement of polarization in decays
No full textInternational audienceAn amplitude analysis of the decay is performed in the mass regions and , using collision data recorded with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The polarization fractions and asymmetries for decays are measured. Violation of the symmetry in the decay is observed for the first time, with a significance exceeding nine standard deviations. The asymmetry is measured to be and the -averaged longitudinal polarization fraction of . The measurements help to shed light on the polarization puzzle of mesons decaying to two vector mesons
Upper-plate shortening and Andean-type mountain-building in the context of mantle-driven oceanic subduction
No full textInternational audienc
Cyanobacterial bloom dynamics in lake Léon: a multi-seasonal modeling approach
No full textInternational audienceCyanobacterial blooms are known to cause significant ecological and public health concerns by altering the physico-chemical conditions of aquatic environments and releasing harmful toxins. This issue has recently been observed in lake Léon (Landes, France), where the proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a major issue. Various chemical (e.g., nutrient concentrations), physical (e.g., water level), and meteorological factors are known to favor the development of cyanobacterial blooms. The aim of this study is to test the relative importance of these factors on the development of cyanobacteria biovolume in the lake Léon. To this end, the relevant variables have been compiled from 2008 onwards and incorporated into a series of linear models. These models were constructed both across the entire study period and at a seasonal scale to identify the specific conditions that contribute to the biovolume variability over time. Physico-chemical factors-particularly nutrient levels such as phosphorus-show strong correlations with cyanobacterial biovolumes. Meteorological conditions also play a key role, although the timing and intensity of their effects vary by parameter and season. Among these, temperature emerges as the most influential variable. Additionally, water level is significantly associated with biovolume during the summer months. Seasonal persistence was also observed, with biovolumes depending on those of the preceding seasons. Consequently, the occurrence of blooms appears to result from the interplay of these multiple factors. These findings align with existing literature and offer new insights into cyanobacterial proliferation in the specific context of lake Léon. Nevertheless, expanding the dataset-both in terms of duration and resolution-would improve model reliability and support the development of predictive tools for managing future public health risks
From mine to lake: Source, fate and budget of mercury species in the high-altitude watershed of a fast-developing Andean city (El Alto, Bolivia)
No full textInternational audienceThe rapid growth of cities and mines in developing countries has a major impact on the environment, through the discharge of untreated wastewater and mining waste. In the high-altitude tropical Andes, the Katari watershed combines a fast-developing urban area, upstream mining sites, and a downstream agricultural area, which are drained by the Katari River to Lake Titicaca. To assess the respective contribution of these areas to the watershed mercury (Hg) budget, Hg and monomethyl-Hg (MMHg) were measured in soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater, and the atmosphere (airborne fallout and total gaseous Hg). Further, two well-dated sediment cores collected in Lake Titicaca were used to reconstruct Hg accumulation rates over the last centuries. From instrumental river discharge, air and rainfall monitoring, the contribution of Hg originating from the atmosphere and the river was assessed. Results show that the mining area is a locally restricted main Hg hotspot. Although less contaminated, the urban area is the main source of MMHg for surface water through wastewater discharge, and the atmosphere the main source of total Hg through particulate and gaseous Hg emissions. Total Hg inventories in lake sediment from a bay at the outlet of the watershed show that at least one half of the Hg input originated from the river discharge, the rest being deposited from the atmosphere. The increasing development of the urban area without improvement of wastewater treatment implies that river discharge will be a source of Hg for the lake for many years
La profession de notaire : les risques d’exercice
No full textInternational audienceLa profession de notaire est en pleine mutation : en 2024, le nombre de ses membres en France dépasse les 17 000 notaires en exercice, ce qui en fait la deuxième profession du droit la plus représentée, après les avocats, réalisant un chiffre d’affaires de plus de 9 milliards d’euros. En parallèle, le marché du droit fait l’objet d’une guerre susceptible d’accroître ou d’accentuer les risques qui pèsent sur la profession : dématérialisation des actes, essor du numérique, inflation immobilière, développement des contrats innommés, risque fiscal, etc. Une approche, à la fois internationale et interne, permet de comparer cette évolution avec des notariats de droit latin dans des pays étrangers, d’identifier ces risques, d’en envisager la réalisation et ses conséquences d’un point de vue pénal, civil et disciplinaire, d’en examiner la prise en charge notamment sous l’angle des mécanismes de garantie obligatoire, et de tenter de prévenir la réalisation de ces risques notamment dans le cadre de la formation des notaires. Les actes de ce colloque international mettent ainsi en lumière ces grandes évolutions
Epitaxial growth of KTiOAsO<sub>4</sub> by pulsed laser deposition for nonlinear frequency conversion
No full textInternational audienceTwin-photon and triple-photon generations require pump laser intensities of several hundred MW cm–2. Micrometer-sized crystalline waveguides allow such interactions to be achieved at relatively low energies by taking advantage of the confinement of light. The materials selected to achieve these phenomena in the present work are from the titanyl phosphate family. The chosen architecture is a micrometric layer of KTiOAsO4 (KTA) grown on a KTiOAsO4 (KTP) substrate forming a planar waveguide in a first step. These two isostructural materials have a low lattice parameter mismatch (around 2%), making it possible to achieve high-quality epitaxial growth. Due to the refractive index of KTA being higher than that of KTP (Δn ≈ 0.043 at 1500 nm), this couple of materials could allow light to be guided in the deposited layer. To grow the KTA film, the chosen technique is pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which allows a nonlinear complex oxide layer of optical quality to be grown. In this study, we show that the growth is well oriented for layers with a thickness up to 200 nm after deposition under 32 mTorr of oxygen and a laser fluence of 0.8 J cm-2, forming epitaxial layers. Then, after annealing at 650 °C for 14 h, the crystal state is improved as well as the surface. However, our calculations show that the layer’s thickness has to be equal to 1.68 μm to achieve second-harmonic generation (SHG) at telecom wavelengths, which is the next step of this research. In this study we demonstrate the feasibility of KTA epitaxy over KTP by PLD with good epitaxial quality, good orientation, and theoretical phase-matching conditions for a planar KTA waveguide