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Exploring Dynamic Brain Oscillations in Motor Imagery and Low-frequency Sound
No full textInternational audienceAlthough both motor imagery (MI) and low-frequency sound listening have independently been shown to modulate brain activity, the potential synergistic effects that may arise from their combined application remains unexplored. Any further modulation derived from this combination may be relevant for motor learning and rehabilitation. We probed neurophysiological activity during these two processes, measuring alpha and beta band power amplitude by means of EEG recordings. Twenty healthy volunteers were instructed to (i) explicitly imagine right finger flexion/extension movements in a kinaesthetic modality, (ii) listen to low-frequency sounds, (iii) imagine right finger movements while listening to low-frequency sounds, or (iv) stay at rest. We observed a bimodal distribution of alpha-band reactivity to the conditions, suggesting the presence of variability in brain activity across participants during both MI and low-frequency sound listening. One group of participants (12 individuals) displayed increased alpha power within contralateral sensorimotor and ipsilateral medial parieto-occipital regions during MI. Another group (eight individuals) exhibited a decrease in alpha and beta band power within sensorimotor areas. Interestingly, low-frequency sound listening elicited a similar pattern of brain activity within both groups. The combination of MI and sound listening did not result in additional changes in alpha and beta power amplitudes, regardless of group (groups based on individual alpha-band reactivity). Altogether, these findings shed significant insight into the brain activity and its variability generated during MI and low-frequency sound listening. The simultaneous engagement of MI and low-frequency sound listening did not further modulate alpha power amplitude, possibly due to concurrent cortical activation. It remains possible that sequential performance of these tasks could elicit additional modulation
"Finn MacCool: héro légendaire de l'Irlande". Interview de Natacha Sumner, Harvard University, pour la Chaine YouTube Imaginaire celtique, créée par Frédéric Armao, Noémie Beck, et Gaël Hily. Sous-titrée en français. 15 février 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCzb0ub42V8
No full text"Finn MacCool: héro légendaire de l'Irlande". Interview de Natacha Sumner, Harvard University, pour la Chaine YouTube Imaginaire celtique, créée par Frédéric Armao, Noémie Beck, et Gaël Hily. Sous-titrée en français. 15 février 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCzb0ub42V
How Does Push-Off Distance Influence Force–Velocity Profile and Performance During Vertical Jumping?
No full textInternational audienceIn many sports, practitioners must reach their maximal jump height ( h max ) under time constraints. This requires a reduction of the countermovement depth and so of the push-off distance ( h PO ). The purpose of this study was to investigate how h PO influences force–velocity ( F – v ) profiles ( , , , and S Fv ) and performance. Eleven participants (age: 26 [5] y, height: 175.6 [11.2] cm, mass: 76 [15] kg; squat 1RM: 129 [34] kg) performed maximal countermovement jumps. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were used to assess individual F – v profiles for 3 different h PO conditions ( h PO-SMALL , h PO-MEDIUM , h PO-LARGE ) from countermovement jumps performed under different load conditions (bodyweight [BW], BW + 8 kg, BW + 17 kg, BW + 40%1RM, BW + 70%1RM). Results indicated that and changed across h PO conditions, while remained constant. A lower h PO led to a significantly higher and . These changes resulted in a steeper S Fv leading to a more force-oriented profile, a lower optimal S Fv and a greater F – v imbalance. Reducing h PO and modifying F – v profile led, to some extent, to a reduction in h max . Performance is a compromise between h PO , , and F – v imbalance, all influenced by countermovement depth. This explains why reducing countermovement depth to meet time constraint may lower performance
Discriminating between different modified dispersion relations from gamma-ray observations
No full textInternational audienceThe fact that the standard dispersion relation for photons in vacuum could be modified because of their interaction with the quantum nature of spacetime has been proposed more than two decades ago. A quantitative model [Jacob & Piran, JCAP 01, 031 (2008)], has been tested extensively using distant highly energetic astrophysical sources, searching for energy-dependent time delays in photon arrival times. Since no delay was firmly measured, lower limits were set on the energy scale related to these effects. In recent years, however, different but equally well-grounded expressions beyond the Jacob & Piran model were obtained for the photon dispersion relation, leading to different expressions for the dependence of lag versus redshift. This article introduces a general parameterization of modified dispersion relations in cosmological symmetry, which directly leads to a general parameterized lag versus redshift dependence encompassing both existing and new models. This parameterization could be used in the future to compare the predicted time lags of the different models and test them against observations. To investigate this possibility, realistic data sets are simulated, mimicking different types of extragalactic sources as detected by current and future instruments. When no lag is injected in the simulated data, each lag-redshift model leads, as expected, to a different value for the limit on , and the Jacob & Piran model gives the most stringent bound. When a lag at in the Jacob & Piran model is injected, it is detected for all the other lag-redshift relations considered, although leading to different values. Finally, the possibility to discriminate between several lag-redshift models is investigated, emphasizing the importance of an evenly distributed sample of sources across a wide range of redshifts
Benefits of swaying while standing to higher selective attention in goal-directed visual tasks
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aim: Sit-stand desks allow individuals to work in either sitting or standing position. While previous studies have reported better performance on the attention network test (ANT) while standing compared to sitting, the relationship between body sway induced by these positions and ANT performance remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to test and expect benefits of body sway (in terms of magnitude and complexity) and improvements in ANT performance when standing (e.g. shorter reaction time) but not when sitting. Methods: Seventeen young adults (mean age = 21) performed reading tasks, questionnaires and ANTs sequentially in both standing and sitting positions. We measured body kinematics from the head, upper back and lower back during the study. We calculated the linear (i.e., velocity) and nonlinear (i.e., fractal dimension) variables of body sway, reaction times and alerting scores from the ANT. Our results showed that when standing, the complexity of sway was significantly negatively correlated with ANT reaction times (shorter reaction time indicating better performance) and significantly positively correlated with the scores of alerting from ANT. Hence, consistent with our expectation, ANT performance was higher when standing potentially because participants adjusted their sway. In contrast, while sitting, there was no significant correlation between body sway and ANT performance. Overall, the complexity of body sway in the standing position may increase alertness levels, potentially leading to better visual task performance. Practically, these findings suggest that working occasionally in the standing position is beneficial, as dynamic postural sway can enhance visual task performance.Contexte et objectif : Les bureaux assis-debout permettent aux individus de travailler en position assise ou debout. Alors que des études précédentes ont rapporté de meilleures performances au test du réseau attentionnel (ANT) en position debout par rapport à la position assise, la relation entre le balancement corporel induit par ces positions et les performances à l'ANT reste floue. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à tester et à vérifier les bénéfices du balancement corporel (en termes d'amplitude et de complexité) ainsi que les améliorations des performances à l'ANT en position debout (par exemple, un temps de réaction plus court), mais pas en position assise. Méthodes : Dix-sept jeunes adultes (âge moyen = 21 ans) ont réalisé des tâches de lecture, répondu à des questionnaires, et effectué des ANT de manière séquentielle en positions debout et assise. Nous avons mesuré la cinématique corporelle au niveau de la tête, du haut du dos et du bas du dos pendant l’étude. Nous avons calculé les variables linéaires (c.-à-d. la vitesse) et non linéaires (c.-à-d. la dimension fractale) du balancement corporel, les temps de réaction et les scores d’alerte à partir de l’ANT. Résultats : Nos résultats ont montré qu’en position debout, la complexité du balancement était significativement corrélée négativement aux temps de réaction de l’ANT (un temps de réaction plus court indiquant une meilleure performance) et significativement corrélée positivement aux scores d’alerte de l’ANT. Ainsi, conformément à nos attentes, les performances à l’ANT étaient meilleures en position debout, potentiellement parce que les participants ajustaient leur balancement. En revanche, en position assise, aucune corrélation significative n’a été observée entre le balancement corporel et les performances à l’ANT.Conclusion : La complexité du balancement corporel en position debout pourrait augmenter les niveaux d’alerte, conduisant potentiellement à de meilleures performances lors de tâches visuelles. Pratiquement, ces résultats suggèrent qu’il est bénéfique de travailler occasionnellement en position debout, car le balancement postural dynamique peut améliorer les performances dans les tâches visuelles
Adaptation et Validation Française de L’échelle de Mesure des Croyances Conspirationnistes Liées aux Epidémies
No full textInternational audienceL’échelle de mesure générique des croyances conspirationnistes permet d’appréhender les croyances conspirationnistes en général, mais ne permet pas de mesurer les croyances conspirationnistes spécifiques aux épidémies. Le présent article a pour objectif d’adapter et de valider une version française de la mesure des croyances conspirationnistes spécifiques aux épidémies, issue de la Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS, Brotherton et al., 2013). Les données sont recueillies par questionnaire auprès de la population générale francophone (N = 1630), pendant la pandémie de la Covid-19, en utilisant 6 items issus de la GCBS en lien avec les épidémies. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire et confirmatoire réalisée sur deux sous-échantillons indépendants fait ressortir une structure unidimensionnelle de l’échelle, avec des indices de validité convergente et discriminante satisfaisants. En outre, les croyances conspirationnistes prédisent négativement l’efficacité perçue des mesures de prévention; ce qui confirme la validité prédictive de l’échelle. On discute de son intérêt et de son utilité pour le diagnostic des croyances conspirationnistes en temps de pandémie, comme celle de la Covid-19
La gestion pharmacologique du traitement du TDAH
No full textInternational audienceBackground and issuesThe management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) relies on non-medicinal measures as first-line treatment, and when these are insufficient, on medication. In France, methylphenidate is recommended as a first-line treatment, but its prescription requires particular attention.ObjectivesThis article explores the pharmacological aspects of methylphenidate and other drug strategies available in France for optimal management of ADHD.Materials and methodsA narrative review of the scientific literature was carried out by consulting PubMed and Google Scholar, in addition to the latest recommendations issued by the Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) and the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament (ANSM). Inclusion criteria included articles in French and English, published between 2000 and 2023, on the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate and other drugs used in the treatment of ADHD and its comorbidities.ResultsMethylphenidate is a psychostimulant drug that acts by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and noradrenaline, and its prescription is governed by narcotics regulations. The extension of indications to adults and the variety of formulations offers several options for improving efficacy and minimizing side effects. Methylphenidate requires careful evaluation and monitoring of its efficacy and safety. Some psychostimulant and non-psychostimulant alternatives exist to enrich the therapeutic arsenal for patients whose benefit/risk balance is against methylphenidate, but remain few in number.Discussion and conclusionsPharmacological management implies the need for a personalized approach to increase benefits, while reducing potential adverse effects. The prospect of marketing authorization in France for new drugs such as lisdexamfetamine and atomoxetine could broaden the available therapeutic arsenal and improve personalized management of ADHD.Contexte et problématiqueLa prise en charge du Trouble Déficit de l’Attention-Hyperactivité (TDAH) repose sur des mesures non médicamenteuses en première intention et lorsque celles-ci sont insuffisantes, un traitement médicamenteux. En France, le méthylphénidate est préconisé en première ligne, mais sa prescription nécessite une attention particulière.ObjectifsCet article explore les aspects pharmacologiques du méthylphénidate et d’autres stratégies médicamenteuses disponibles en France pour une prise en charge optimale du TDAH.Matériels et méthodesUne revue narrative de la littérature scientifique a été réalisée en consultant PubMed et Google Scholar, en plus des dernières recommandations émises par la Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) et l’Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament (ANSM). Les critères d’inclusion comprenaient des articles en français et en anglais, publiés entre 2000 et 2023, sur l’efficacité et la sécurité du méthylphénidate et d’autres médicaments utilisés dans le traitement du TDAH et de ses comorbidités.RésultatsLe méthylphénidate est un médicament psychostimulant, agissant par inhibition de recapture de la dopamine et de la noradrénaline, dont la prescription est régie par la réglementation des stupéfiants. L’extension d’indications à l’adulte et la variété des formulations offrent plusieurs options pour améliorer l’efficacité et minimiser les effets indésirables. Le méthylphénidate nécessite une évaluation et une surveillance attentive de son efficacité et de sa sécurité d’emploi. Certaines alternatives psychostimulantes et non psychostimulantes existent afin d’enrichir l’arsenal thérapeutique pour les patients dont la balance bénéfices/risques est en défaveur du méthylphénidate, mais restent encore peu nombreuses.Discussion et conclusionLa gestion pharmacologique implique la nécessité d’une approche individualisée pour augmenter les bénéfices, tout en réduisant les effets indésirables potentiels. Les perspectives d’obtention d’AMM en France pour de nouveaux médicaments, tels que la lisdexamfétamine ou l’atomoxétine, pourraient permettre d’élargir l’arsenal thérapeutique disponible et d’améliorer la prise en charge personnalisée du TDAH
Achieving higher standards in species distribution modeling by leveraging the diversity of available software
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing online availability of biodiversity data and advances in ecological modeling have led to a proliferation of open‐source modeling tools. In particular, R packages for species distribution modeling continue to multiply without guidance on how they can be employed together, resulting in high fidelity of researchers to one or several packages. Here, we assess the wide variety of software for species distribution models (SDMs) and highlight how packages can work together to diversify and expand analyses in each step of a modeling workflow. We also introduce the new R package ‘sdmverse' to catalog metadata for packages, cluster them based on their methodological functions, and visualize their relationships. To demonstrate how pluralism of software use helps improve SDM workflows, we provide three extensive and fully documented analyses that utilize tools for modeling and visualization from multiple packages, then score these tutorials according to recent methodological standards. We end by identifying gaps in the capabilities of current tools and highlighting outstanding challenges in the development of software for SDMs
« Apparition-disparition d’un lieu du soin. "L’héritage sans testament" des établissements hospitaliers de Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet »
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, we are interested in the disappearance of the hospitals of Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet. The notion of de-patrimonialization is considered first as a historical process of destitution of the function, territorial and memorial value of this equipment. It is then graspe on the basis of the attachments that emerge from cultural commitments on the destitute site. Réflective words on the ordeal of erasure question the “regime of ruin” [Scott, 2012] and ultimately bring out an alternative definition of heritage as a “legacy without a will”.Nous nous intéressons dans cet article à la disparition des établissements hospitaliers de Saint-Hilaire-du-Touvet. La notion de dé-patrimonialisation est envisagée d’abord comme processus historique de destitution de la valeur fonctionnelle, territoriale et mémorielle de cet équipement. Elle est ensuite saisie à partir des attachements que font émerger des engagements culturels sur le site destitué. Les paroles réflexives sur l’épreuve de l’effacement questionnent le « régime de la ruine » [Scott, 2012] et font émerger in fine une définition alternative du patrimoine comme « héritage sans testament »
Cross-border Sport and Leisure: Public Action, Practices and Usage in the European Union
No full textInternational audienceThe process of European integration has received special attention from European border studies, with a particular focus on internal market issues and cross-border cooperation. Sports are often presented among the transnational activities likely to contribute to “European citizenship” and the creation of an imagined community. Despite the increase in publications in 2016 linking sports, leisure, and cross-border activities, research remains rather limited. In this special issue, we shall focus on the transnational spaces of European cross-border cooperation, as studied from the perspectives of construction and appropriation. We shall go beyond institutional analysis to offer a more comprehensive and balanced approach, taking into account both public policies and the experiences of individuals and groups involved in sports and leisure activities in three border areas. Our analysis will encompass public action, the use of sports areas, facilities and equipment, and cross-border entrepreneurs