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Search for decays at LHCb
No full textInternational audienceA search for decays is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . No signals are found and upper limits are set for the first time on the branching fractions and , at the 90% confidence level
An Ultra-low-loss Compact Phase-Change Material-based Hybrid-mode Interferometer for Photonic Memories
No full textInternational audienceWe propose a novel hybrid mode interferometer (HMI) leveraging the interference of hybridized TE-TM modes in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide integrated with a GeSe phase change material (PCM) layer. The SOI waveguide's dimensions are optimized to support the hybridization of the fundamental transverse magnetic () and the first higher transverse electric () mode. This design allows for efficient and nearly equal power coupling between these two modes, resulting in high-contrast interference when starting from the amorphous PCM state. The PCM's phase transition induces a differential change in the modal effective index, enabling high-contrast transmittance modulation. Our numerical simulations demonstrate a multilevel transmission with a high contrast of nearly 14 dB, when the amorphous region's length is varied incrementally, enabling multi-bit storage. The transmittance is maximized in the fully crystalline state with an insertion loss below 0.1 dB. The HMI can also operate as a quasi-pure phase shifter when partially amorphized, making it suitable for Mach-Zehnder interferometers. These characteristics make the proposed device a promising candidate for applications in photonic memories and neuromorphic computing
L’organisation de la discussion du projet de loi de finances : un jeu d’équilibrisme politique
No full texthttps://www.leclubdesjuristes.com/Le spectre d’une mise en œuvre du projet de loi de finances par ordonnance a essentiellement une vertu dissuasive. Mais la tripartition actuelle de l’Assemblée nationale la rend plausible, en mettant l’accent sur un paradoxe de la procédure financière. Si le Parlement ne prend pas garde, il pourrait ne pas se prononcer à temps et ouvrir la voie à une ordonnance dont le contenu pourrait ne pas tenir compte de ses travaux
Association between walking gait biomechanical changes after anterior cruciate ligament injury or reconstruction and the development of osteoarthritis: A systematic review
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Purpose Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction significantly increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Biomechanical alterations during walking are frequently suggested contributors to OA development. This systematic review aims to determine the association between walking gait biomechanical changes following ACL injury or reconstruction and the early development of knee OA. Methods Studies were identified from MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus databases searched up to January 2024. Eligible studies included adults (≥15 years) with ACL injury or reconstruction, assessing knee biomechanics during walking compared to healthy controls or the contralateral limb. Outcomes included cartilage changes assessed through imaging techniques or biological markers. Methodological quality was evaluated using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Results Of the 1221 records identified, four cross‐sectional studies (total: 199 participants; mean [SD]: 26.3 [6.4] years old) met the inclusion criteria. Three of the four included studies were conducted on participants who had undergone ACL reconstruction surgery. Two studies were of high methodological quality, one was of moderate quality and one was of low quality. The analysis showed that knee unloading (i.e., reduced knee adduction moment (KAM) and vertical ground reaction forces) was associated with an increase in cartilage MRI T1ρ and T2 relaxation times, suggesting a deterioration in cartilage composition. Reduced gait variability and kinematic alterations (reduced knee excursion, altered knee flexion angles and tibial rotations) correlated with early cartilage biochemical changes detectable through MRI T1ρ, T2 relaxation time. Meta‐analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity in outcomes among studies. Conclusion The included studies demonstrated significant associations between altered gait biomechanics and cartilage degradation. Biomechanical factors such as reduced KAM or reduced knee flexion angle during gait could serve as early indicators for OA risk and inform targeted rehabilitation interventions. Level of Evidence Level III
Mise en évidence de l'influence de la saillance auditive sur la hiérarchie du traitement local vs global de l'information sonore temporelle
No full textPerception sonore : session générale; GPS - Perception SonoreNational audienceCette étude porte sur la manière dont la saillance façonne l'organisation perceptive d'une scène auditive. Un traitement prioritaire de l’information auditive à l’échelle globale a été mis en évidence dans des expériences utilisant des paradigmes comparant le traitement de l’information au niveau local et au niveau global. Une tâche psychophysique introduite précédemment (Susini, Jibodh Jiaouan, Brunet, Houix & Ponsot, 2020) a notamment permis d’évaluer la capacité de non-musiciens et de musiciens experts à détecter des changements locaux/globaux dans des séquences de sons simples organisées hiérarchiquement correspondant à trois triolets (échelle locale) séparés temporellement pour former un contour mélodique (échelle globale). Nous observons ici comment cette organisation hiérarchique du traitement de l’information sonore est affectée par la saillance de l'information au niveau local sur la dimension du timbre (Bouvier, Susini, Marquis‑Favre & Misdariis, 2023). Dans l'ensemble, les résultats montrent que la saillance renforce les capacités de traitement au niveau local, au détriment du traitement au niveau global. Il est intéressant de noter que pour les non- musiciens, la saillance a provoqué une inversion de la priorité du traitement global sur le local, telle qu'elle est généralement observée chez les musiciens experts
Mécanismes physiologiques, cognitifs et comportementaux de la connexion humain-nature
No full textInternational audienceDespite international agreements aimed at preserving biodiversity and combating climate change, concrete actions by governments remain limited and insufficiently effective, as evidenced by the failure to meet the targets set. A recent meta-analysis of 206 studies (Barragan-Jason et al., 2022) highlights a promising lever to respond to these challenges: human-nature connectedness (HNC), defined as a sense of belonging to the natural world. This connection can be strengthened by certain practices, including mindfulness in natural environments and direct contact with nature. The project presented aims to better understand the cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms that make up HNC in order to promote pro-environmental behaviors among adults in France through targeted interventions. This study also explores the physiological, neural, and behavioral mechanisms related to CHN, as well as the impact of specific activities, such as mindfulness or exposure to nature, on strengthening this connection
Recent progresses and challenges to assess permafrost-related processes in slope failures: examples from the French Alps and Iceland
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PEM fuel cell durability under accelerated stress test by voltage cycling: effect of high operating temperature
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Lithium thin films unveil the influence of electrode/electrolyte degradation processes on cycle life
No full textInternational audienceThe use of thin Li metal negative electrodes, below 20 μm, is a prerequisite to reach significantly higher energy densities compared to Li-ion batteries. However, the large-scale production of such thin electrodes is highly challenging. Additionally, chemical/electrochemical reactions at the Li metal/electrolyte interface can cause uneven plating/stripping of Li ions, leading to quick cell failure. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis by thermal evaporation of highly dense and smooth Li thin films featuring closely packed grains, deposited on copper foil. The electrochemical responses of various Li electrodes, ranging from anode-free (Cu foil) to 135-μm-thick Li foil with a focus on thin films between 2 and 30 μm, were investigated in a liquid electrolyte optimized for a Li-free cell paired with a high-loaded NMC811 positive electrode. We illustrate three different mechanisms of cell failure regarding the Li electrode thickness: (i) rapid consumption of the entire Li metal for electrodes thinner than 20 μm, (ii) too high interfacial polarization arising from solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dead Li for Li thicker than 50 μm, and (iii) a combination of both phenomena for intermediate thicknesses. Further rationalized by detailed post-mortem analyses, these observations for thin and intermediate thickness arise from discrepancies in terms of the rate of Li moss formation down to the Cu foil and its further propagation. These insights show the necessity to use thinner Li (<20 μm) and to find novel protective layers.</p
In silico biophysics and rheology of blood and red blood cells in Gaucher Disease
No full textInternational audienceGaucher Disease (GD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, leading to the accumulation of glucosylceramide in various cells, including red blood cells (RBCs). This accumulation results in altered biomechanical properties and rheological behavior of RBCs, which may play an important role in blood rheology and the development of bone infarcts, avascular necrosis (AVN) and other bone diseases associated with GD. In this study, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are employed to investigate the biomechanics and rheology of blood and RBCs in GD under various flow conditions. The model incorporates the unique characteristics of GD RBCs, such as decreased deformability and increased aggregation properties, and aims to capture the resulting changes in RBC biophysics and blood viscosity. This study is the first to explore the Young's modulus and aggregation parameters of GD RBCs by validating simulations with confocal imaging and experimental RBC disaggregation thresholds. Through in silico simulations, we examine the impact of hematocrit, RBC disaggregation threshold, and cell stiffness on blood viscosity in GD. The results reveal three distinct domains of GD blood viscosity based on shear rate: the aggregation domain, where the RBC disaggregation threshold predominantly influences blood viscosity; the transition area, where both RBC aggregation and stiffness impact on blood viscosity; and the stiffness domain, where the stiffness of RBCs emerges as the primary determinant of blood viscosity. By analyzing RBC mechanical properties and blood viscosity in relation to bone disease, we find that the RBC aggregation properties, deformability, and blood viscosity, may contribute to its onset. These findings enhance our understanding of how changes in RBC properties impact on blood viscosity and may affect bone health, offering a partial explanation for the bone complications observed in GD patients