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Détection automatique de bruit routier à l'aide de modèles de classification automatique et d'analyse de l'évolution du niveau sonore
No full textInternational audienceNoise management has become a major public health issue over several decades. To initiate protective measures against noise overexposure, it is essential to accurately evaluate annoyance. This involves detecting sound sources, their emission durations and associated sound levels. Among commonly encountered sources, road traffic is a prominent contributor to noise pollution, according to health organisation reports. This paper presents an automatic roadway noise detection system. The proposed method combines event detection and classification through a multi-layer approach. Sound event detection is ensured by distinct units. First, a sliding window enables signal preclassification by identifying specific patterns on its mel-spectrogram. Simultaneously, sound level features are used to detect prominent periods, often marking off sound events. Both units combined and sharpened provide detection of the most relevant sound events over the acoustic signal. Precise classification is issued by an additional AI model, dedicated to recognising roadway noise among various vehicle types. Our system operates in diverse soundscapes while maintaining a high level of roadway noise detection accuracy. It permits an automatic estimation of roadway noise contribution, which corresponds to equivalent sound level when roadway noise prevails. This estimation closely aligns with manual assessments from experts, validating the proposed system relevance
Relations entre les fonctions exécutives et l’apprentissage autorégulé en premier cycle d’études universitaires.
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In Situ and Operando Insights into the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity and Stability of Nanometer-Sized Rutile Iridium Oxides
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Xonotlite and pectolite in rodingites from the Samail ophiolite: Markers of reducing conditions and element transfer during peridotite-gabbro interaction
No full textInternational audienceThe Oman Drilling Project cored Holes BA1B, BA3A and BA4A into serpentinized peridotites in Wadi Lawayni of the Samail ophiolite, Oman. These mantle peridotites are crosscut by numerous gabbro, olivine gabbro and clinopyroxenite dikes that are altered to calc-silicate assemblages (hydrogarnet, diopside, xonotlite, vesuvianite and pectolite), chlorite, and phlogopite. These mineralogical assemblages are typical of rodingites. Xonotlite [Ca 6 Si 6 O 17 (OH) 2 ] and pectolite [NaCa 2 Si 3 O 8 (OH)] forming as fibrous or acicular/radial crystals in milk-white vein-like are common in these holes. In contrast, only a few occurrences of these minerals have been reported worldwide. Bulk rock analyses indicate two types of altered dikes: chlorite-bearing dikes displaying enrichments in Mg, Fe, Mn, Ti, Cr, Ni and volatiles as well as loss of Na compared to lower crustal gabbros; and rodingitized dikes with enrichments in Ca and Na during alteration. Mass gains in chlorite-bearing dikes are consistent with intense mass transfer from peridotite to gabbroic dikes. These results are consistent with thermodynamic modelling showing a strong control of the peridotite-gabbro ratio on the mineralogy of the altered gabbro: wollastonite, pectolite, and vesuvianite present here are predicted to form in peridotite-dominated systems, whereas prehnite, epidote and pumpellyite not reported in the studied boreholes are predicted to form in gabbrodominated systems. Fluid inclusions containing H 2 and CH 4 are observed in both primary orthopyroxene and pectolite. They indicate the presence of a carbon-rich reduced fluid during rodingitization. The xonotlite stability field calculated with thermodynamic modelling is indeed limited by carbonate formation as oxygen fugacity increases. The rodingites from Oman display numerous markers of strong fluid/rock interactions, including enrichment in mobile elements such as Na, K and Li, typically associated with seawater interaction and hydrothermal fluid transport. The presence of xonotlite, pectolite and phlogopite is consistent with the addition of external elements during rodingitization since the extent of the calculated stability fields of these minerals increases when adding Ca, Na and K to the system. High δ44/40Ca values in chlorite-bearing dikes (1.65 ± 0.09 ‰ to 1.91 ± 0.09 ‰), rodingitized dikes (0.28 ± 0.09 ‰ to 1.25 ± 0.02 ‰) and serpentinized harzburgites (1.04 ± 0.05 ‰ to 1.64 ± 0.06 ‰) reveals mineral-fluid fractionation of Ca isotopes and/or interaction of seawater with gabbro-peridotite samples.☆ This article is part of a Special issue entitled: 'Oman Drilling Project' published in LITHOS
Neurocognitive Patterns for Episodic Metamemory Judgments In Young and Older Adults: First Insights
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The Lived Experience of Pediatric Gene Therapy Clinical Trial in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Exploring Perceptions of Parents and Professionals Using Social Representation Method.
No full textInternational audienceIn recent decades, medical and scientific advances have led to the development of new therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), including gene therapy (GT), which is currently being evaluated. Recruiting enough children in clinical trials remains a challenge, depending on parental decisions. Numerous studies have already been carried out to understand these decision-making factors. To date, no study in Europe has been conducted among the various stakeholders lived experience in a DMD GT trial. Our qualitative study explored participants' perceptions using a social representation method and compared them. We recruited 42 participants, divided into 2 groups comprising 21 parents and 21 professionals participating in GNT-014, a DMD natural history study. Each participant was interviewed on four questions about clinical trials, GT, and the facilitators and barriers of the clinical trial pathway. A prototypical and categorical analysis was carried out using "Pointe-au-Sel" software to analyze the data quantitatively. This method highlights which perceptions are shared within the same group and brings out the most important and most frequently evoked terms. We exported the data as a superimposed scatterplot of the representations of both groups for each question. We obtained a total of 453 evocations for the parents' group and a total of 611 evocations for the professionals' group. For clinical trial and GT, hope and scientific progress are common to the core of both groups but are not at the same level of representation. Parents evoked human contact as the main facilitator and what their child may undergo and become for barriers. For professionals, the facilitators and barriers are centered on the terms that can influence the proper conduct of the trial. These comparative results imply that the vision of the different stakeholders is not totally shared in trial participation. On the contrary, the term GT may also have an influence on professionals, including caregivers
Contribution de la campagne « StopHPV » sur la couverture vaccinale en Isère : évaluation par méthode mixte
No full textInternational audiencePurpose: In 2018, the Isère department implemented a promotional campaign for HPV vaccination called “StopHV.” Our article aims to examine the impact of this campaign on the evolution of HPV vaccination coverage in Isère.Method: The research study adopted a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative components (focus groups) to contextualize quantitative results (surveys conducted in various secondary schools across the department), combined with vaccination coverage data.Results: In Isère, vaccination coverage for one dose of the HPV vaccine increased from 21.7% in 2017 to 49.7% in 2022 (Santé Publique France). In 2022–2023, the main reason for non-vaccination remained fear of side effects, followed by lack of time. Among the survey participants, 95% reported having consulted their general practitioner for information about vaccination. A significant association was found between girls’ vaccination status and parents’ socio-professional category, as well as between Priority Education Network (REP) status and awareness of the HPV vaccine.Discussion: Our study suggests that the StopHPV campaign was effective in achieving its goal of doubling HPV vaccination coverage by 2022. Our evaluation highlights the importance of maintaining training for general practitioners on HPV vaccination and the relevance of implementing school-based vaccination campaigns. It also appears essential to address socio-cultural inequalities by delivering targeted messages in schools belonging to Priority Education Networks.Introduction : En 2018, le Département de l’Isère a mis en place une campagne de promotion de la vaccination contre les papillomavirus humains (HPV) appelée « StopHPV ». Notre article vise à décrire et étudier la contribution de cette campagne sur l’évolution de la couverture vaccinale HPV en Isère.Méthode : Une approche longitudinale, avec une composante qualitative (focus groups) apportant du contexte aux résultats quantitatifs (enquêtes dans différents collèges du département) associés aux données de couverture vaccinale, a été adoptée pour cette recherche.Résultats : En Isère, la couverture vaccinale pour une dose de vaccin contre le HPV est passé de 21,7 % en 2017 à 49,7 % en 2022 (Santé Publique France). En 2022-2023, la principale raison de non-vaccination reste la crainte des effets secondaires du vaccin, suivie par le manque de temps. 95 % des participants aux enquêtes consultent leur médecin traitant pour obtenir des informations sur la vaccination. Une association significative a été observée entre la catégorie socio-professionnelle des parents et le statut vaccinal des filles, ainsi qu’entre le statut Réseaux d’Éducation Prioritaire (REP) et la connaissance du vaccin contre les HPV.Conclusions : Notre étude suggère une efficacité de la campagne StopHPV, dont l’objectif de doubler la couverture vaccinale HPV d’ici à 2022 a été atteint. Notre évaluation souligne l’importance de maintenir la formation des médecins généralistes à la vaccination HPV et la pertinence de réaliser une campagne de vaccination dans les établissements scolaires. Il semble également essentiel de travailler sur les inégalités socio-culturelles en diffusant un message ciblé dans les établissements classés REP
Phototrophic periphyton tolerance reflects in situ exposure to pharmaceuticals overtime – A translocation study using a pollution-induced community approach (PICT)
No full textInternational audienceRivers worldwide are contaminated by pharmaceuticals. This in situ study investigated the association relationship between in situ exposure to pharmaceuticals and effects on phototrophic periphyton. We performed a translocation experiment in a French river, considering two sites exposed to different levels of pharmaceutical contamination, as confirmed using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. After a 4-week growth period, periphytic biofilms were moved, or not, between the sites, to simulate a 6-week period of restoration (downstream to upstream) or deterioration (upstream to downstream) of chemical water quality. Acute toxicity tests on photosynthesis were performed to assess the evolution of community tolerance to three pharmaceuticals (atenolol, diclofenac, paracetamol), using a pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) approach. Diatom community structure and diversity were assessed using DNA metabarcoding on the rbcL gene. After 28 days, tolerance to atenolol and diclofenac (based on EC50 values for photosynthesis) was approximately three and two times higher, respectively, in the downstream communities compared to the upstream ones. Downstream diatom communities also showed consistently higher diversity, with Shannon index values 1.5 to 3 times greater than upstream. Following translocation, tolerance levels increased in communities transferred downstream and decreased in communities transferred upstream and both the diversity and structure of diatom communities were modified. It suggests that changes in tolerance, reflecting community adaptation or resilience, were at least partly related to changes in diatom assemblages. Combining PICT with DNA metabarcoding is a relevant strategy for in situ assessment of the effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic microbial communities
Characterization and modeling of the performance and durability of praseodymium oxide infiltrated oxygen electrodes
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A spatially averaged pseudo-3D model for analyzing operating heterogeneities in large PEM fuel cells
No full textInternational audienceTo address the performance and lifetime limitations of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), it is crucial to comprehend the operating heterogeneities at the cell scale. However, the distributions over a large PEMFC active surface area are subject to cross interactions, which renders the phenomenon of operating heterogeneities complex to understand. The study of a wide range of operating conditions is then necessary to better understand operating heterogeneities. To that end, a numerical approach is appropriate. This work is a new step towards a versatile, accurate and low time complexity model for the design of PEMFC, their understanding and improvement of performance and durability. The model presented is a spatially averaged, pseudo-3D model of a large PEMFC (~250 cm²) and developed under COMSOL Multiphysics®. It considers the cell as a superposition of layers, each layer being in-plane discretized to allow the observation of local heterogeneities over the MEA region. The transport equations are solved using a pseudo-3D approximation developed and implemented in a previous model by F. Nandjou et al. [1], integrating a semi-empirical cell voltage law for the current density prediction. Extending their work, a new approach was developed that allows significant reduction in computational time by spatially averaging the channels geometry over the active surface area [2]. Once calibrated with dedicated experimental results, the spatially averaged pseudo-3D model is used to calculate the distributions for 108 operating conditions. These simulation results give the influence of operating conditions on cell performance and on the uniformity of the current density distribution on the active surface area. Subsequently, a stack-scale experimental study substantiates the trends observed in the simulations