Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
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Límites de la democracia: Reflexiones en torno al principio mayoritario en decisiones de carácter colectivo
No full text¿Es correcto someter a refrendación popular el derecho de parejas del mismo sexo a adoptar o casarse?, ¿se debería someter a plebiscito un acuerdo de paz luego de haberse negociado?, ¿es adecuado consultar a la ciudadanía a través de algún mecanismo de democracia directa si un programa de vacunación debería ser obligatorio?, ¿se debe someter al voto popular el texto de una constitución una vez ha sido redactada esta por una asamblea constitucional?, si respondió negativamente a alguna de estas preguntas o no tiene una respuesta clara, es porque probablemente considera que existen algunos criterios o principios que hacen que ciertas decisiones de carácter colectivo no deban ser sometidas a la refrendación popular mayoritaria o al principio mayoritario de la democracia. Entonces ¿debe ser cualquier tema susceptible de ser sometido a refrendación popular mayoritaria, o existen algunos límites? Y si existen esos límites, ¿qué nos dice la teoría política o la filosofía política al respecto? Es precisamente este plPolitólogaPregrad
Riesgo suicida y crisis sufridas en el contexto del COVID-19, mediadas por la comunicación familiar
No full textObjective To analyze the relationship between suicidal ideation and the concerns or affectations perceived at the family, economic and health levels during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia, and the mediating role of family communication. Method Participants were obtained through cluster sampling and quotas, resulting in 660 Colombians (Z=1.96; variance=0.25; error=3.9%), who answered a questionnaire consisting of three reliable scales between November 1 and 30, 2020, after providing informed consent. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the concerns or affectations that most influenced suicidal ideation during this period. Results Thirty-five percent of the Colombian participants presented a high level of suicidal ideation. The concerns or affectations that most strongly explain this level come from the realm of health and intrafamily relationships. The effect of health concerns or affectations on suicidal ideation decreases by up to 32.4% when family communication is open. Likewise, when this type of positive communication is present, the effect of the concerns or affectations perceived in the family, such as breakdowns, distancing, and crisis of coexistence, on suicidal ideation decrease between 29.1% and 70.1%. Conclusion Open family communication is a protective factor for mental health in crisis contexts because it can contribute to preventing suicide and alleviate to the concerns or affectations generated by COVID-19. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen mental health programs through a communicative approach aimed at promoting assertive family dialog to achieve greater attention and openness to talk about concerns and affectations sufferedAnalizar la relación entre la ideación suicida y las preocupaciones o afectaciones percibidas a nivel familiar, económico y de salud durante el primer año de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia y el rol mediador de la comunicación familiar. Método Los participantes se obtuvieron mediante muestreo por conglomerados y cuotas, de lo cual resultaron 660 colombianos (Z=1.96; varianza=0.25; error=3.9%) que respondieron a tres escalas confiables aplicadas en noviembre de 2020, previo consentimiento informado. Se utilizó regresión logística binaria para evaluar las preocupaciones o afectaciones que más influyeron en la ideación suicida en este período. Resultados El 35% de los participantes presentó un nivel alto de ideación suicida. Las preocupaciones o afectaciones que más explican este nivel provienen del ámbito de la salud y las relaciones intrafamiliares. El efecto de las preocupaciones o afectaciones de salud sobre la ideación suicida disminuye hasta en un 32.4% cuando la comunicación familiar es abierta. Cuando está presente este tipo de comunicación positiva, el efecto de las preocupaciones o afectaciones percibidas en la familia, como rupturas, distanciamiento y crisis de convivencia, sobre la ideación suicida disminuye entre un 29.1% y un 70.1%. Conclusión La comunicación familiar abierta es un factor protector para la salud mental en contextos de crisis sanitaria porque puede contribuir a prevenir el suicidio. Por ello, es necesario fortalecer los programas de salud mental a través de un enfoque comunicativo encaminado a promover el diálogo familiar asertivo para lograr una mayor atención y apertura para hablar de las preocupaciones y afectaciones sufrida
Assessing Forest Cover Loss Using Landsat Images and GIS: A Case Study in Colombian Protected Area
No full textThe Corchal “El Mono Hernández” Fauna and Flora Sanctuary is a protected area located in northern Colombia and is home to the Pterocarpus officinalis forest. In this area, however, this forest cover is declining due to natural causes associated with a change in the hydrosedimentological dynamics. Multitemporal assessment was performed to quantify the forest loss. Landsat images from the years 1986, 1998, 2003, 2013, and 2018 were downloaded and a supervised classification was performed using four cover classes: “Pterocarpus officinalis,” “other vegetation,” “waterbody,” and “bare land.” The results showed that the vegetation cover of Pterocarpus officinalis forest had an initial extent of 865.26 ha in 1986; for the 1986–1998 period, the reduction was 60.30 ha; for the 1998–2003 period, it was 399.15 ha; and for the 2003–2013 period, it was 78.30 ha. Contrary to previous periods, in the 2013–2018 period, 79.65 ha of forest was recovered. In conclusion, Pterocarpus officinalis forest lost approximately 50% of its cover during the 1986–2018 period. This information is of great importance for government and management entities for decision-making in the conservation and restoration of this forest. © 2022 Taylor & Francis.APCs y acuerdos transformativos 2022, Taylor & Franci
Análisis de la pertinencia laboral de los programas de media técnica de la Institución Educativa Técnica de Pasacaballos
No full textEsta investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar la pertinencia de los programas de media técnica “Mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo de hardware y software” y “Mantenimiento e Instalación de Redes Eléctricas” brindados por la IETP en relación con su vinculación al contexto laboral. Surge como una estrategia de apoyo a la Institución que permita acortar, las brechas sociales y fomentar el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida de la población de Pasacaballos, corregimiento de la ciudad de Cartagena, Bolívar. El enfoque utilizado fue cualitativo y se emplearon instrumentos como entrevistas semiestructuradas y revisión documental, codificadas a través del programa Atlas.ti. 23 Se generaron categorías centrales (selectivas) a partir del análisis de co-concurrencia, visualizadas mediante diagramas de Sankey. Estos diagramas permiten comprender la relación entre códigos y su influencia recíproca. La población analizada incluyó egresados, docentes, el coordinador de la institución y empresas del sector industrial de Mamonal.Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarMagister en EducaciónMaestrí
Diseño de un Sistema de Gestión de Lecciones Aprendidas para la Gerencia de Proyectos
No full textLa gestión del conocimiento utiliza las Lecciones Aprendidas como una de las herramientas más populares para compartir el conocimiento de los proyectos. Las Lecciones Aprendidas ayudan a mejorar los procesos organizacionales y los patrones para la toma de decisiones con el fin de evitar que los equipos de proyectos vuelvan cometer los mismos errores del pasado. En Colombia, durante el 2018, más del 60% de los departamentos que ejecutaron proyectos del Sistema General de Regalías (SGR) obtuvieron un Índice de Gestión de Proyectos de Regalías (IGPR) “insuficiente” donde la Región Caribe participó con más del 85% de sus departamentos. Situación que contrasta con los bajos índices de Gestión de Conocimiento que presentan las Regiones Caribe y Amazonía en el modelo integrado de planeación y gestión (MIPG) en el mismo año. A partir de un diagnóstico realizado con más de 80 gerentes de proyectos de la región, se propone el diseño de un Sistema de Gestión de Lecciones Aprendidas basado en la espiral de conocimiento de Nonaka y Takeuchi que ayude a reciclar correctamente el conocimiento de los proyectos en el Caribe Colombiano. © 2020 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved
Improving corneal endothelium image analysis: advanced image annotation for image classification and segmentation
No full textThe corneal endothelium, a single layer of hexagonal cells lining the inner cornea, is vital for ocular health. Assessing its condition relies on morphometric analyses of corneal endothelial cells from high-quality images. Unfortunately, disease presence or imaging artifacts frequently impede automatic analysis. This thesis introduces a deep learning and image annotation-based methodology for creating precise classification and segmentation models applicable to both normal and diseased eyes. We detail a comprehensive statistical analysis of corneal endothelial cell annotations by a group of graders, which aids in compiling datasets that can predict segmentation complexity from the quality of specular microscopy images. Subsequently, we estimate morphometric parameters along with the complexity report on categorized images. A convolutional regression network, trained to rate image quality on a scale from 0 to 6, informs a second regression network that qualitatively evaluates cell segmentations, signaling the dependability of parameter estimations. In conclusion, we discuss the outcomes, proposed goals, encountered challenges, and avenues for future research enhancement. Our work supports clinicians in evaluating corneal health for patients with or without Fuchs’ Dystrophy.Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarMagister en ingenieríaMaestrí
How do the affective and symbolic factors of private car driving influence car users’ travel behavior in a car restriction policy scenario?
No full textThe number of private car trips a person makes is usually linked to external factors such as economic incentives or disincentives, legislation, infrastructure, and the quality of transport systems, among others. The impact of these options are typically analyzed to evaluate urban transport policies and projects. However, internal factors related to an individuals' attitudes and perceptions also play an essential role in the amount of private car driving they do and on urban mobility as well. Therefore, insight into private car driving's affective and symbolic aspects is important in order to formulate appropriate transport policies and strategies to reduce car-use dependency and encourage private car drivers to use public transport. Congestion charging schemes make drivers pay the full social cost of driving, they achieve congestion reduction, pollution reduction, they make cities more attractive for pedestrians and cyclists, and help improve quality of life. Congestion charging schemes are often difficult to implement and expensive to administer. As a result of these reasons, several cities worldwide have adopted a variety of car restriction schemes that try to reduce air pollution and congestion as well, instead of establishing congestion charges. The effects of driving restrictions in the short term are positive, but in the medium and long term, there are unwanted consequences. However, by giving private car drivers the option to pay a toll so that their cars are exempted from the restriction, these perverse incentives could be eliminated. This paper analyzes the impacts of internal factors related to individuals' attitudes and perceptions about the travel behavior of car users affected by car restriction policies in urban areas. We designed a stated preference survey conducted among car owners in Cali, Colombia, where a License Plate Restriction Charging (LPRC) policy has been in place since January 2017. Through hybrid discrete choice modeling, we demonstrated that latent variables, such as the feelings of being in control, independence, and higher social status, positively influence the decision to use cars for daily trips, thus impacting the urban modal split. The heterogeneity captured through these latent variables allowed us to understand more deeply how individuals deal with the LPRC policy in order to travel to their destination
Identification and Quantification of Bioaerosols in a Tropical Coastal Region: Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
No full textHighway Planning Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textAn efficient highway infrastructure network is a determining factor in promoting the socio-economic development of countries and regions. Highway planning activities are highly important because their results ensure that projects are delivered within budget, schedule, and scope. Therefore, academics and professionals have promoted various methodological and technological advances focused on improving highway planning processes, evidenced by many scientific documents that address the topic. Despite progress, few studies have focused on analyzing the state of the knowledge structure and the technological and methodological trends of the highway planning topic. Considering this gap, this study presents trends in highway planning and its knowledge structure based on a bibliometric analysis from January 2015 to September 2021. The research method is based on a bibliometric analysis composed of five main stages: (1) scope definition, (2) selection of bibliometric analysis techniques, (3) data collection, (4) bibliometric analysis execution, and (5) evidence analysis and synthesis. Information from 1703 journal papers was collected and analyzed. The findings show that the main trends of highway planning focus on life cycle analysis, computational tools, smart cities, sustainability issues, construction processes, new equipment and materials, and multi-objective optimization, among others. Thus, the findings of this study allow the reader to identify the methodological and technological trends in highway planning and their knowledge gaps to guide future studies in the field. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Characterization of Microplastics in Total Atmospheric Deposition Sampling from Areas Surrounding Industrial Complexes in Northwestern Colombia
No full textIn this study, the total atmospheric deposition of microplastics in places near an industrial complex in Cartagena, Colombia is evaluated by taking samples at three points at different distances from the industrial zone. The samples obtained were treated to quantify and identify the type of plastic present, indicating the presence of polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. The values of microplastics obtained were related to the climatic conditions of the areas (wind and rainfall) to determine these effects on the transport of microplastics. Values of 9472 ± 702 MP were obtained at the point closest to the industrial area and 1455 ± 14 MP at the farthest point, within which a greater proportion were fibers. In this study, it was also possible to determine that the microplastics most affected by the wind were the fragments. © 2022 by the authors