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RESILIENCE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN BENUE AND TARABA STATES
No full textIt is worrisome to note that despite the growing research on IDPs, little or few empirical researches have tried to assess the prevalence of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among IDPs in Benue and Taraba States, just like less attention has been given in investigating the independent and joint influence of resilience and social support on development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among displaced persons in Benue and Taraba States. This study examined resilience, social support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among internally displaced persons in Benue and Taraba States. A cross sectional survey method was used. A total of 414 internally displaced persons took part in the study. The respondents were in the age range of 16-41 years with a mean age of 30.0 (SD = 11.6) years. Data were collected using posttraumatic Stress Checklist (PTSD-CL), Social Support Scale (SSS) and Resilience Scale (RS). Four hypotheses were generated and tested using Chi-Square, Simple Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis. Results indicated that there was a significant higher prevalence rate of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among IDPs. There was no significant influence of resilience on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among IDPs. There was a significant positive influence of social support (immediate and present support on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Similarly, there was a significant joint influence of resilience and social support on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Based on these findings, it was recommended that clinical psychologists should identify IDPs with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and offer the necessary professional intervention. Also, clinical psychologists should give IDPs the necessary psycho-education so that they can identify symptoms of PTSD in them and present themselves for treatment. Furthermore, Clinical psychologists should encourage family members, friends and significant others to support internally displaced persons in camps.Condition of Internally Displaced Persons in Benue and Taraba State
WORKFORCE DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE NIGERIAN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Full text linkThe study examined the relationship between workforce diversity management and organizational effectiveness in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The study sought to establish the relationship between workforce diversity management variables of conscientiousness (personality dimension), ethnicity (internal dimension), employees’ income (external dimension) and work location (organizational dimension); and organizational effectiveness variables of productivity, profitability and growth in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The study was anchored on Tajfel (1978) theory of social identity and categorization. Twelve research questions were posed and twelve null hypotheses were formulated and tested. Cross - sectional survey design was adopted for the study with the target population being all the employees of the 203 oil and gas companies in Nigerian petroleum industry. However, the accessible population was 20, 698 employees of the five (5) selected companies in the industry namely Shell, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Total and Eni. A sample size of 474 was drawn using the Taro Yamane’s (1967) formula. The study used primary source of data, collected with the aid of closed- ended questionnaire while simple random sampling technique was adopted in choosing respondents for the study. Correlation coefficient and regression analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to ascertain the relationship between workforce diversity management and organisational effectiveness in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between workforce diversity management variables of conscientiousness, ethnicity, employees’ income and work location and organizational effectiveness measures of productivity, profitability and growth in the Nigerian petroleum industry. Statistically, using t-value, conscientiousness had productivity (2.215), profitability (3.931), growth (3.578); ethnicity had productivity (4.583), profitability (4.564), growth (4.510); employees’ income had productivity (1.77), profitability (4.492), growth 2.773) and work location had productivity (10.856), profitability (4.863), growth (3.478). It was concluded that workforce diversity management (conscientiousness, ethnicity, employees’ income and work location) positively relates to organisational effectiveness (productivity, profitability and growth) in the Nigerian petroleum industry. This study recommends among others, that management should consider diversity management in the organization as a tool for creativity and innovation. The industry management also should deliberately create teams with diverse groups of employees. Companies under the industry should further encourage recruitment of employees with diverse backgrounds to create a wide pool of skills or knowledge in order to enhance organisational competitiveness.Effectiveness of Workforce Diversit
USE OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION IN PROMOTING CUSTOMER PATRONAGE BY UNITED BANK FOR AFRICA AND FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA IN BENUE STATE
No full textThe study “Use of Marketing Communication in Promoting Customer Patronage by United Bank for Africa and First Bank of Nigeria in Benue State” empirically examined how United Bank for Africa (UBA) and First Bank of Nigeria (FBN) use marketing communication in promoting customer patronage. The Persuasion theory and Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) were adopted to give this work a theoretical base. Furthermore, the survey research method was adopted for this study with questionnaire and oral interview as data gathering instruments. A total sample size of 400 was used for this study while, the stratified, purposive, proportionate, and accidental sampling technique was used. Findings in this study indicated that, UBA and FBN use marketing communication in promoting customer patronage and that overall, the utilization of marketing communication as promotional tools by these banks has had a significant impact in their quest to promote customer patronage. Furthermore, this study found that, although UBA and FBN used marketing communication tools in promoting customer patronage, the tools varied according to the geographic and psychographic factors of customers, and of these tools, advertising was used to gain a wider coverage while, direct marketing and personal selling were regarded as the most effective in influencing the eventual patronage of customers. This study recommended, among others, that, in order to ensure effective marketing communication results, managements of UBA and FBN should design their messages in a manner that appeals to the geographic and psychographic needs of customers. Similarly, they should increase budget for marketing communication with specific attention to the most effective tools which includes direct marketing and personal selling in order to gain more customer patronage.SEL
EFFECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON RICE YIELD IN THE UPPER BENUE RIVER BASIN, NIGERIA
No full textThe study assessed the effects of climate variability on rice yield in the Upper Benue River Basin (UBRB), Nigeria. Data on climate variables including total rainfall (mm), annual mean rainfall (mm) number of rain days, air temperatures (maximum, minimum and mean oc), evaporation rate (mm), relative humidity (%) and sunshine duration (hours) were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological (NiMet) synoptic weather stations of Yola and Ibi covering a period of thirty years (1981-2010). Similarly, data on rice yields in metric (tones) were obtained from the ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Adamawa and Taraba States. Rice yield data (in metric tones) also covered a period of thirty years (1981-2020). Graph, correlation Analysis, (partial correlation Analysis), and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The study finds out that climatic factors were highly varied during the study period (1981-2020). Similarly, major climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, evaporation and onset explain 48% of yield variations, leaving 52% to other climatic factors such as wind, light, radiation, as well as non-climatic factors. Furthermore, other individual climatic factors give an insignificant contribution that did not influence rice yield. The result also revealed that yield variability does not reach the magnitude observed in climatic factors but rather an increasing tendency from the middle of the 1st study decade reaching its climax in the whole of 2nd decade before dropping in the last decade. As to yield variability between Yola and Ibi weather stations (i.e. Spatial spread) result shows no significant difference between the two weather stations. Prediction of rice yield in years ahead (specifically 2030 and 2050) shows an increasing trend in yields 3.144 and 4,008 metric tons (000) for 2030 and 2050 respectively. One major discovery in the study was that temperature variables (i.e maximum, minimum and mean) shows minor fluctuations but with a relatively steady small increase throughout the study period. Finally the study finds out that, the best time for rice planting is between third week of April and first week of May for maximum yield output.Effect of climate variability on rice yiel
IMPACT OF NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS ENTREPRENEURSHIP SCHEME ON GRADUATE YOUTHS SELF-RELIANCE AND SELF-ESTEEM IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study evaluated the impact of National Youth Service Corps entrepreneurship Scheme on Graduate Youths Self-Reliance and Self-Esteem in North Central Nigeria. In this study, eleven research questions were raised and answered while six hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A sample of 399 out of 96,636 population was used. This comprised 172 trained serving corps members, 210 trained ex-corps members and 17 entrepreneurship trainers. Two self-constructed structured questionnaire were used to collect data for this research. These are Agencies of NYSC Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (ANEQ) and Impact of Corps Members Entrepreneurship Programme Questionnaire (ICEPQ). The pilot test was subjected to analysis using Cronbach Alpha test and a reliability coefficient of 0.89 was obtained. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while t-test was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study established that all the types of NYSC entrepreneurship skills training programmes are available to corps members. However, some of them have high contributions in sensitization and training of corps members than others. Though so many sources of funds are available, some do not grant sufficient funds to the interesting serving and ex-corps members. The NYSC entrepreneurship scheme does not impact on self-reliance of the serving and ex-corps members in North Central Nigeria significantly (p=0.299>0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean graduate self-esteem of male and female corps members who received training in entrepreneurship with NYSC scheme (p=0.121>0.05). Further findings show that there was no significant difference between the graduate self-reliance of male and female corps members that were trained in NYSC entrepreneurship scheme (p=085>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it was therefore recommended that the NYSC Skills Acquisition and Entrepreneurship Development (SAED) should continue with the scheme to enable subsequent corps members to be self employed and self-sustained. Government, NGOs and other wealthy individuals should make funds available to the beneficiaries to enable them put their knowledge of skills acquired into practice. Government should make the rural areas attractive for business to thrive by the provision of infrastructural facilities such as transportation network, communication, electrical system, health care and water supply.Impact of National Youth Service Corps' Entrepreneurship Scheme on Graduate Youth
PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN NIGERIA: THE CASE OF NAFDAC AND JAMB
Full text linkThis study, “Practice and Challenges of Public Relations in Federal Government Agencies in Nigeria: The Case of NAFDAC and JAMB” investigated the way NAFDAC and JAMB employed Public Relations, the impact of the practice on the growth and stability of the two agencies and the challenges there in. Anchoring the study was the Excellence Theory, while Systems Theory and Two-Way Symmetric Model supported the excellence theory in anchoring the study. Survey research design was adopted while questionnaire and oral interview were used as the research instruments for data collection. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were clustered into themes and analyzed through analytical and interpretative methods. Multivariate frequency tables and SPSS were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that Public Relations as a communication tool is used by the JAMB and NAFDAC even though both agencies positioned public relations as an appendix of the another department and not as a department of its own. Finding also revealed that the use of public relations by JAMB and NAFDAC have positive impact on their relations with the media, events organisation/management, crisis management, publicity and relations with the community to a great extent, thereby, contributing significantly to their growth and stability. The study however envisaged some challenges in the practice of public relations in the two agencies such as difficulties in getting experienced professionals, inadequate budgetary provisions, and inadequate involvement of practitioners by the agencies in some management decisions. The study concluded that despite some challenges in the practice, public relations is a vital communication tool that its practice is well recognized and useful among modern organizations as it helps them to achieve their desired objectives and contributes to their growth and stability as evident in this study. The study recommended therefore, that Organizations, particularly Federal Government agencies like the NAFDAC and JAMB should continue to involve Public Relations practice in their operations since it is still empirically proven to be a relevant tool in the operations of modern agencies/organizations. But to be more vibrant in the discharge of its desired responsibilities, Public Relations should operate as a department of its own and not an appendix to another department.SEL
USE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AT AKAWE TORKULA COLLEGE OF ADVANCED AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES, MAKURDI, NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated the use of public relations and conflict management at Akawe Torkula College of Advanced and Professional Studies (ATCAPS), Makurdi, Nigeria. It examined the public relations strategies employed by ATCAPS in conflict management. The study is anchored on uncertainty reduction theory and supported by the information integration theory. Survey was used as the research design with questionnaire and interview guide as instruments for data collection. Using a multistage sampling technique, 256 copies of questionnaire were assigned to students and staff of ATCAPS while 11 participants were interviewed. Findings revealed that the public relations strategies employed by ATCAPS in conflict management are dialogue, meeting with stakeholders, collective bargaining/negotiations, use of social media, suggestion boxes, interactive sessions, and confidence building/formation of committees, among others. The study also found that ATCAPS used public relations to a greater extent in conflict management and it has been effective in this regard. The study concluded that, public relations has enhanced peace and stability in ATCAPS as it created mutual understanding, harmony, provided full information, reduce tension, and promoted cordial relationships/cooperation. Nonetheless, there were several problems associated with the use of public relations in conflict management as the institutions, viz; inadequate finance, poor facilities, shortage of qualified staff, and lack of a well-defined policy. However, these problems could be tackled with adequate financing, provision of adequate modern facilities, employment of more qualified staff and articulation of a well-defined policy. The study recommended, among others, that ATCAPS should always employ appropriate public relations strategies in conflict management; that the college should utilise public relations approaches of creating mutual understanding and promoting cordial relationships to enhance peace and stability, and that Public Relations Unit be upgraded to a Department and be fully involved in conflict management in ATCAPS, Makurdi whenever they arise.SEL
AN APPRAISAL OF TRADITIONAL MEDICARE AMONG THE TIV OF BENUE STATE
No full textThis study was focused on an appraisal of traditional medicare among the Tiv and was undertaken with a view to establishing the relationship between the Indigenous Tiv healthcare system and the Western system. The study probed into the common understanding of disease etiologies and the Tiv traditional medical system as possible supplementary medicare which will provide healing benefits to patients in Benue State. These basic reasons were not only necessary but they were also the motivating factors that enabled the researcher to undertake the study with a view to understanding and appraising the functionality of traditional medicare among the Tiv and their healing system vis-a-vis Western practice. To achieve these objectives, the study had involved field research in which interview questions were administered on traditional healers in the selected areas of Tiv society, namely Kwande, Makurdi, Guma, Gboko, and Gwer-East where information was obtained from seventeen (17) key informants on Tiv medicare. The researcher also participated in and has also observed the practice of the Tiv Traditional medicare. In the course of participant observation, photographs of practitioners involving practical sessions of medicare and physiotherapy treatment were taken and are presented in the work. In the secondary sources, a few documentary literary information and plates concerning other cultures on medicare were drawn from textbooks, journals, periodicals and from the internet. In the course of the study, the researcher has discovered that there is a remarkable relation between Indigenous Tiv healthcare system and the Western therapeutic system; both systems have a common understanding of disease etiologies, both professionals engage medicare as supplementary medical attention, which provides physiotherapy healing to patients, there is the physician-patient relationship in Tiv traditional system and Western system, and the Indigenous Tiv system and the Western system can also co-exist to provide complementary roles in wholistic healthcare delivery. Against this background, it is recommended that there should be innovations in Tiv medicare, especially in the aspect of clear physiotherapy practice. There should be a recruitment drive of younger people into the traditional system not only to establish continuity of the practice but also as an effort to reduce the current pressure of unemployment. Furthermore, the practitioners should be open in their practice of traditional medicare and healing to attract international patronage and the possible increase in productivity and better conditions of living among the benefiting cultures.Appraisal of traditional medicar
AN APPRAISAL OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR CURBING TERRORISM IN NIGERIA
No full textDiscourse on terrorism in Nigeria has often focused on the origin, causes and the deadly activities of Boko Haram, without sufficient examination of this phenomenon from legal perspectives. Where legal perspectives exist, they scarcely go beyond the issues of human rights and where reference is made to counter-terrorism legal framework, such is often limited to the evolution of counter-terrorism legislation - with examples from the United Nations Conventions and Legislation from other countries. Similarly, policy directions in combating terrorism and formulating counterterrorism measures in Nigeria have been more on militarized and combative ways without equal attention to a comprehensive legal framework needed in the fight against terrorism. This thesis therefore examined Nigeria's counterterrorism legal framework with a view to determining the effectiveness of existing legal measures, identifying their contradictions, outlining such legal issues in the trajectories of combating terrorism, but yet omitted from the Legislation. The analyses were done through doctrinal research methodology which centered on a critical appraisal of the Nigerian Anti-Terrorism Legislation and cross-matching this with legislation from a few selected countries also contending with the activities of terrorists and terror groups. The doctrinal method relied on a significant body of primary and secondary sources, which included relevant laws and related texts, academic journal articles, verifiable internet journal sources and commissioned reports by international bodies and organizations, among others. The research found that the Nigerian legal framework if properly implemented could be supportive of the war against terrorism. However, it also discovered that the legal framework contains some contradictions and gaps, such as the use of children and women as soldiers and suicide bombers, sexual terrorism, and post-conflict justice among others. These important issues have not been specifically criminalized in the Nigerian anti-terrorism legislation sand therefore recommended their inclusion in legislative review of the law.Legal Framework for Curbing Terroris
GLOBAL ECONOMIC RECESSION AND PROVISION OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA
No full textThis study investigated ‘Global Economic Recession and Provision of Educational Facilities in Public Universities in North Central Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to find out the influence of global economic recession on the provision of library buildings and library facilities, provision of educational facilities such as laboratory buildings and equipment, classrooms and classroom furniture and recreational facilities, hostel accommodation, staff offices and office furniture, and instructional materials. Seven research questions were raised and nine hypotheses were formulate and tested at
0.05 level of significance. The researcher anchored this research on the Theory of Expenditure Limitation by Wildavsky (2003). Literature review was organized under theoretical framework, conceptual framework, empirical studies and summary. The researcher adopted the survey research design using a population of 13, 784 staff of public universities. The researcher employed multistage sampling techniques to sample 1,378 respondents for the study. A Global Economic Recession and Educational Facilities Questionnaire (GEREFQ) and an interview schedule were validated and used for data collection. A trial test of the instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.70.
1, 278 copies of the questionnaire were administered while 15 copies were lost during data collection. Data collected were analyzed using Mean Scores and Standard Deviation to answer the research questions and Chi-square statistics to test the hypotheses. The study found that global economic recession influenced the provision of library buildings and library facilities, laboratory buildings and equipment, classrooms and classroom furniture, recreational facilities, students’ hostel accommodation, staff offices and office furniture and instructional materials in public universities in North Central Nigeria. The study also found that Benue, Kogi and Nasarawa states were mostly hit by the influence of global economic recession on the provision of educational facilities in their state universities. Finally, the study found that the influence on global economic recession on the provision of educational facilities was felt more in state universities than in the federal universities. The study recommended that the University Management and the government should collaborate and ensure that educational facilities are adequately provided in the public universities in North Central Nigeria.Global economic recession and provision of educational facilitie