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    Travail indépendant et émancipation : que faire des critiques des alternatives ?Quelques explorations méthodologiques en méthodes qualitatives

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    National audienceLes enjeux et la structuration de cette intervention reposent sur plusieurs éléments de synthèse de mes travaux, ainsi que quelques esquisses « préfiguratives », déclinées dans deux directions : les lignes directrices que je développe pour l’étude des mondes du travail, en particulier, l’étude des alternatives qui se déploient dans les espaces du travail indépendant ; l’élaboration d’outils méthodologiques et de réflexions épistémologiques, en lien avec la pratique des méthodes qualitatives

    Scheduling Algorithms for Federated Learning with Minimal Energy Consumption

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    International audienceFederated Learning (FL) has opened the opportunity for collaboratively training machine learning models on heterogeneous mobile or Edge devices while keeping local data private. With an increase in its adoption, a growing concern is related to its economic and environmental cost (as is also the case for other machine learning techniques). Unfortunately, little work has been done to optimize its energy consumption or emissions of carbon dioxide or equivalents, as energy minimization is usually left as a secondary objective. In this paper, we investigate the problem of minimizing the energy consumption of FL training on heterogeneous devices by controlling the workload distribution. We model this as the Minimal Cost FL Schedule problem, a total cost minimization problem with identical, independent, and atomic tasks that have to be assigned to heterogeneous resources with arbitrary cost functions. We propose a pseudo-polynomial optimal solution to the problem based on the previously unexplored Multiple-Choice Minimum-Cost Maximal Knapsack Packing Problem. We also provide four algorithms for scenarios where cost functions are monotonically increasing and follow the same behavior. These solutions are likewise applicable on the minimization of other kinds of costs, and in other one-dimensional data partition problems

    Towards an Adjustment of the Teaching of Writing to Writers’ Skills

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    International audienceIn this chapter, we seek to examine the use of big corpora in the teaching practices of writing. We first begin by presenting the specificities of the Ecriscol (Écritures Scolaires) corpus. Ecriscol includes more than 2,000 texts, along with their drafts, written in French as a first language, and offers access to the different rewriting operations. We then conduct a study on the corpus to highlight some characteristics of school writing at the time of leaning. After sharing some findings on the use of connectors at different levels of schooling, we conclude by recommending that adjustments in teaching and pedagogy be made to suit students’ writing skills according to their grade level

    Nature as Pinakothek. Wallace Stevens ecologo della mente

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    CORPUS PIF (Paires minimales Illustrées Francophones)

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    CORPUS PIF (Paires minimales Illustrées Francophones

    Rue commerçante, devanture de magasin de prêt à porter

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    L'ANR Le Grand Entrepôt veut montrer que des économies populaires informelles, locales et nomades, jouent un rôle essentiel dans ces cycles de conditionnement/reconditionnement, notamment parce qu’elles permettent d’ouvrir des cycles marchands et productifs qui nécessitent un franchissement de frontières morales, légales et pénales pour des marchandises qui ainsi voient s’étendre leur cycle de profitabilité. Ces marchés secondaires s’organisent à proximité des zones franches elles-mêmes, en mobilisant des réseaux migrants et diasporiques pour atteindre des marchés plus lointains. Photo prise dans le cadre d'un travail de terrain, par Assaf Dahdah, géographe membre de l'ANR

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