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Le concours entre conventions et accords collectifs de travail
No full textInternational audienceIl est un concours entre conventions et accords collectifs lorsque plusieurs de ces textes visent à régir un même contrat de travail sans que la loi accorde de priorité d'application à l'un ou à l'autre. La détermination de la convention ou de l'accord applicable nécessite de les mettre en concours, c'est à dire de comparer leurs stipulations incompatibles, car sera finalement désigné applicable la convention ou l'accord présentant un contenu équivalent ou plus favorable que les autres.La méthode du concours est aujourd'hui évincée par la consécration du pouvoir de prévalence de l'accord d'entreprise, lui permettant de primer la convention de branche sans avoir à présenter de garanties plus favorables ou équivalentes. La prévalence relègue la convention de branche au rang de norme supplétive, qui ne s'applique qu'à défaut d'accord d'entreprise.Malgré cette prévalence, le modèle issu du concours se maintient. la capacité des accords d'entreprise d'empêcher l'application de la convention de branche connaît des limites. L'étude des rapports entre accords conclus à différents échelons de l'entreprise (groupe, établissement) met aussi en lumière des configurations renouvelées de concours. Cet ouvrage propose donc de confronter les régimes du concours et de la prévalence afin d'éclairer la compréhension des rapports entre conventions et accords collectifs de travail
Structural Borrowing
No full textOnline annotated bibliography in the Oxford Bibliographies collection (Oxford University Press).The concept of structural borrowing stands in a binary contrast to that of matter borrowing, which entails the copying of any concrete linguistic element, which prototypically corresponds to the borrowing of lexical units, but also comprises that of function words, bound morphemes, and phonemes. In contrast, structural borrowing can thus be explained as the copying of any abstract linguistic element (i.e., pattern) from one language to another. A crucial difference between the two types of borrowing is that matter borrowing is overt and thus, usually, easily identifiable, while structural borrowing is covert, because of its abstract nature, and this abstractness necessarily leads to broadening the definition of the concept so as to include all cases of significant contact-induced change in frequency of use of an abstract pattern. The dichotomy between matter and structural borrowing has been widely discussed in the contact linguistics literature and is expressed through a variety of oppositive terms including matter v. pattern replication, MAT v. PAT borrowing, global v. selective copying, direct v. indirect diffusion, and direct v. indirect transfer. This bibliography starts with a select number of suggested readings that offer general overviews of the field of linguistic borrowing and contact studies, and then, more narrowly, of structural borrowing. The subsequent sections introduce the various linguistic domains in which structural borrowing can be found. Each of them includes both a general overview of structural borrowing in the given domain and a select number of exemplary case studies
Michel Deguy. Vt musica, ut poiesis : dialogue avec Bénédicte Gorrillot
No full textInternational audienc
Lunette et soleil - projet IDCS sur le photochromisme
No full textInternational audienceLunette et soleilPoster du projet IDCS de la formation LDD3 PC FJC.Sujet du projet : Etude de composés photochromes pour les verres de transition
Exploration d’une relation de service contrainte et non marchande: Le cas des usagers des organismes d’aide alimentaire
No full textInternational audienceThis research focuses on a service relationship between users of food aid organizations and the volunteers who serve them. An ethnographic research design was deployed in two aid agencies in France to explore this non-market relationship. Our results allowed us to characterize this relationship, which is different from other service relationships. The dynamics of interaction between users and volunteers lead to a relationship that is sometimes rehabilitative (co-creation of a social link value), sometimes degrading (co-destruction of value) for users.Cette recherche s’intéresse à une relation de service entre des usagers d’organismes d’aide alimentaire et les bénévoles qui les servent. Un design de recherche ethnographique a été déployé auprès de deux organismes d’aide en France afin d’explorer cette relation non marchande. Nos résultats ont permis de caractériser cette dernière qui se distingue des autres relations de service. Les dynamiques d’interaction entre les usagers et les bénévoles aboutissent à un rapport tantôt réhabilitant (co-création d’une valeur de lien social), tantôt dégradant (co-destruction de valeur) pour les usagers
Main Concepts and Principles of Political Economy - Production and Values, Distribution and Prices, Reproduction and Profits: Prelude to a Reconstruction of Economic Theory
No full textInternational audienceThis book starts from the basic questions that had been raised by the founders of Economic theory, Smith, Ricardo, and Marx: what makes the value of commodities, what are production, exchange, money and incomes like profits, wages and rents. The answers that these economists had provided were mostly wrong, above all by defining the equivalence of commodities at the level of exchange, but also because of a confusion made between values and prices, and wrong views of what production really is and the role of fixed capital. Using the mathematical theory of measurement and the physical theory of dimensional analysis, this book provides a coherent theory of value based on an equivalence relation not at the level of exchange, but of production. Indeed exchange is considered here as an equivalence relation between money and a monetary price, and not between commodities, modern monetary theory having demonstrated that money is not a commodity. The book rejects the conception of production as a surplus, which owes much to Sraffa’s theory of production prices, and is shown to be severely flawed. It founds the equivalence of commodities at the level of a production process considered as a transformation process. It rehabilitates the labor theory of value, based on the connection between money and labor due the monetary payment of wages, which allows the homogenization of various kinds of concrete labor into abstract labor. It shows that value is then a dimension of commodities and that this dimension is time, i.e. the time of physics. On this background, the book shows that the calculation of values for all commodities is always possible, even in the case of joint production, and that there cannot be any commodity residue left by this calculation. As a further step, this book provides a coherent theory of the realization of the product, which occurs in the circulation process. Using an idea - the widow’s cruse - introduced by Keynes in his Treatise on Money, it brings to light the mechanism behind the transformation of money values into money prices and of surplus-value into profits and other transfer incomes, ensuring the formation of monetary profits. The book sheds some light on the rate of profit, its determinants and its evolution, showing in particular the paramount importance of capitalist consumption as one of its main determinants. In passing it explains the reasons why in the real world there is a multiplicity of profit rates. Finally, it allows to solve in a precise and illustrated way the problems raised by the Marxist law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Most of the results obtained translate into principles, the first ones being truly basic, the following ones less basic, but all of them being fundamental. All in all, this book might provide the first building blocks to develop a full-fledged and scientific economic theory to many fellow economists, critical of neo-classical theory, but who have not yet dicovered the bases of a complete and coherent alternative
Can the non/least-limiting water range concept be rehabilitated?
No full textA historical perspective of the development of the concept of the least/non-limiting water range (LLWR/NLWR) is presented. Bibliographic evidence shows that researchers involved in the development of the concept were aware of the limitations of using critical values of water potential and penetration resistance in defining optimum ranges for plant growth. Limitations related to the probabilistic nature and spatial representation of the LLWR were also investigated in early studies, but were unheeded in favor of a static implementation of the concept in later studies. A critical limits free implementation of the water ranges concept is proposed and analyzed. Numerical simulations are used to show that the use of water ranges as a soil quality indicator should account for temporal and spatial variability of soil water content in the field
DUALITY METHODS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING WITH ITS APPLICATIONS
No full textWe provide a variety research literature on linear programming as applied to various problems in mathematics. It is well-know tecniques that can be used in many different fields. Nowadays, the simplex approach is an effective method, which is why it is more often used in various sectors to achieve a workable outcome. This paper contributes to the study of various application techniques. Some significant applications of optimization techniques are selected from previous literatures and discussed. This report summarizes recents developments as well as applications in recent years
Vers un outil d'évaluation comparative pour la maintenance prédictive : comment comparer différentes approches ?
No full textInternational audienceIndustry 4.0 and predictive maintenance are hot topics, industrial applications are numerous, as well as articles presenting predictive models to solve specific use-cases. However, there is a lack of work dealing with issues related to the evaluation and comparison of these models. This can lead to the use of experimental protocols and metrics, which are not suitable for predictive maintenance. Also, the comparison between different types of predictive models (e.g. regression and classification) is not systematic, as the metrics used are different.In this position paper, we wish to draw the attention of the community to the problematics behind the evaluation of predictive maintenance models.First, we introduce the field of predictive maintenance as well as a commonly used formulation for the learning task. Then, we show the flaws of classical experimental protocols, and propose an alternative for evaluating and comparing models according to the maintenance process associated with the application.L'industrie 4.0 et la maintenance prédictive sont des domaines très actuels, les applications industrielles sont aujourd'hui nombreuses, ainsi que les articles présentant des modèles prédictifs pour résoudre des cas d'applications. Il y a cependant dans la littérature un manque d'articles traitant des problématiques liées à l'évaluation et la comparaison de ces modèles. Cela peut conduire à l'utilisation de protocoles expérimentaux et de métriques non adaptés à l'application. Également, la comparaison entre différentes familles de modèle prédictif (p. ex. régression et classification) n'est pas systématique, car les métriques utilisées sont différentes. Dans cet article de positionnement, nous souhaitons attirer l'attention de la communauté sur les problématiques liées à l'évaluation des modèles de maintenance prédictive. Dans un premier temps, nous introduisons le domaine de la maintenance prédictive ainsi qu'une formulation communément utilisée pour la tâche d'apprentissage. Ensuite, nous montrons les failles des protocoles expérimentaux classiques, et proposons une alternative permettant d'évaluer et de comparer des modèles en fonction du processus de maintenance associé à l'application