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Numerical Solution of Fuzzy Fractional Differential Equation By Haar Wavelet
Get PDFIn this paper, we deal with a wavelet operational method based on Haar wavelet to solve the fuzzy fractional differential equation in the Caputo derivative sense. To this end, we derive the Haar wavelet operational matrix of the fractional order integration. The given approach provides an efficient method to find the solution and its upper bond error. To complete the discussion, the convergence theorem is subsequently expressed in detail. So far, no paper has used the Harr wavelet method using generalized difference and fuzzy derivatives, and this is the first time we have done so. Finally, the presented examples reflect the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method
On Higher-order Duality in Nondifferentiable Minimax Fractional Programming
Get PDFIn this paper, we consider a nondifferentiable minimax fractional programming problem with continuously differentiable functions and formulate two types of higher-order dual models for such optimization problem. Weak, strong and strict converse duality theorems are derived under higher- order generalized invexity
Axisymmetric Thermoelastic Response in a Semi-elliptic Plate With Kassir’s Nonhomogeneity in the Thickness Direction
Get PDFThe main objective is to investigate the transient thermoelastic reaction in a nonhomogeneous semi-elliptical elastic plate heated sectionally on the upper side of the semi-elliptic region. It has been assumed that the thermal conductivity, calorific capacity, elastic modulus and thermal coefficient of expansion were varying through thickness of the nonhomogeneous material according to Kassir’s nonhomogeneity relationship. The transient heat conduction differential equation is solved using an integral transformation technique in terms of Mathieu functions. In these formulations, modified total strain energy is obtained by incorporating the resulting moment and force within the energy term, thus reducing the step of the calculation. The thermal deflection equation derived from the Berger approach is compared with Von Karman approaches, and its maximum normal stresses are determined. The numerical calculation is performed over the metal-metal based composite and graphically portrayed. Furthermore, by applying limiting conditions, the semi-elliptic region can be degenerate into a semi-circular plate. Results reveal that the highest tensile stress exists on the semi-circular core relative to the semi-elliptical core, suggesting the propagation of low heating due to insufficient heat penetration into the elliptic surface
Outcomes of Aspheric Primaries in Robe’s Circular Restricted Three-body Problem
Get PDFWe consider the Robe’s restricted three-body problem in which the bigger primary is assumed to be a hydrostatic equilibrium figure as an oblate spheroid filled with a homogeneous incompressible fluid, around which a circular motion is described by the second primary, that is a finite straight segment. The aim of this note is to investigate the effect of oblateness and length parameters on the motion of an infinitesimal body that lies inside the bigger primary. The locations of the equilibrium points are approximated by the series expansions and it is found that two collinear equilibrium points lying on the line segment joining the centers of the primaries, exist. The non- collinear equilibrium points lie on a circle and are infinite in number. No out-of-plane equilibrium point exists. Based on the linear stability analysis, it is observed that the collinear equilibrium points can be stable under certain conditions whereas the non-collinear ones are always unstable
Interaction energy between two identical hemispherical surfaces with uniform surface charge density
No full textObtaining the interaction energy between two uniformly charged hemispherical surfaces in compact analytical form seems to be an impossible task to achieve under arbitrary conditions. However, we show in this work that one can obtain the interaction energy between two identical hemispherical surfaces with uniform surface charge density for the special condition of them touching each other along the \u27equator\u27. The mathematical solution method that we apply is remarkable in that the bulk of the treatment is analytic with the only drawback of having to rely on knowledge of certain special functions and their properties
Electrostatic potential energy stored in a hemispherical surface with uniform surface charge distribution
No full textWe report an exact result for the electrostatic potential energy stored in a hemispherical surface with uniform surface charge density. This system lacks the spherical symmetry of a uniformly charged spherical surface or its solid sphere counterpart. Consequently, a hemispherical surface with all its charge uniformly spread on its surface represents an interesting case study in electrostatics. In this work we combine the fact that the body has axial symmetry with clever mathematical tools to obtain an outcome that is remarkably simple. The final exact expression obtained for the electrostatic potential energy stored in a hemispherical surface with uniform surface charge density answers a long-standing question. Though the bulk of the treatment is analytical, the accuracy of the findings can also be ascertained by using symbolic computation software or numerical recipes. Hence, the present analytical results can be compared to ones obtained with various powerful numerical methods which nowadays are routinely used to check the correctness of analytical and semi-analytical calculations
Coping flexibility and trauma appraisal predict patterns of posttraumatic stress and personal growth initiative in student trauma survivors.
No full textExposure to a potentially traumatic event is not uncommon among college students, and following a traumatic event, college students cope and experience stress in heterogeneous patterns. The purpose of the current study was to (a) identify the patterns of personal growth initiative (PGI; Robitschek et al., 2012) skills and posttraumatic stress symptoms among college students who experienced a potentially traumatic event and (b) examine potential predictors (i.e., coping flexibility and stress appraisals) of membership in these different groups. Participants were 656 college students who experienced a traumatic event within the past 5 years. Data collection occurred from April 2016 to January 2017. Finite mixture modeling was conducted to identify the patterns of posttraumatic stress symptoms and PGI skills. Coping flexibility and stress appraisals (i.e., threat, challenge, centrality, and present control) were used as predictors of membership in the groups displaying these patterns, statistically controlling for demographic and trauma characteristics (i.e., gender, age, months since trauma, number of types of trauma, directedness, and intentionality). Three distinct patterns were identified. Coping flexibility and stress appraisals were significant predictors of group membership. This study highlights the complex interrelationship of PGI skills and posttraumatic stress responses and identifies benefits of assessing coping flexibility and perceptions of the potentially traumatic event when working with trauma survivors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved
Adjustable Internal Shading for Home Office Daylighting in Tropical Climates
No full textHome-based workspaces have considerably increased all over the world. Besides, the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 disease forced many people to work from their homes. However, existing residential apartment buildings (ERABs) had been designed for accommodation but not for office works. Low-quality visual environments in ERABs, which have no shading controls on their windows, are evident in tropical climates with extremely high solar radiation. Thus, interior retrofit is significant to provide visual comfort for users in ERABs with low flexibility for modification of their facades. Different interior design variables were simulated by the Radiance-based program to analyse daylighting in a closed-plan room. Before the simulation experiments, field measurement of daylight was performed under a tropical sky to validate the results, and the findings revealed significant Pearson correlations. This paper showed that ERABs are confronting extremely high indoor daylight quantity, up to 10,228 lx, and low quality with intolerable glare. An adjustable model of internal shading, including an integrated Venetian blind with a horizontal light shelf and the window films, was proposed to improve quantitative and qualitative performances of daylighting in tropical regions. This dynamic model could be adjusted to various positions based on daylighting conditions in the buildings. By comparing the simulation results of this model with the base model, indoor illuminance levels could successfully reduce from 32% to 86%; Illuminance Uniformity Ratio (IUR) and Target Daylight Illuminance (TDI) significantly improved up to 180% and 300%, respectively; Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) and CIE Glare Index (CGI) changed from intolerable to imperceptible status. Accordingly, the proposed model can considerably improve daylight quantity and quality in the test room during different times. This study concludes that the dynamic model of internal shadings could provide efficient daylighting, by decreasing the extremely high indoor illuminance and glare in the ERABs in tropical climates
Assessing the effects of forest biomass reductions on forest health and streamflow
No full textForest biomass reductions in overgrown forests have the potential to provide hydrologic benefits in the form of improved forest health and increased streamflow production in water-limited systems. Biomass reductions may also alter evaporation. These changes are generated when water that previously would have been transpired or evaporated from the canopy of the removed vegetation is transferred to transpiration of the remaining vegetation, streamflow, and/or non-canopy evaporation. In this study, we combined a new vegetation-change water-balance approach with lumped hydrologic modelling outputs to examine the effects of forest biomass reductions on transpiration of the remaining vegetation and streamflow in California\u27s Sierra Nevada. We found that on average, 102 mm and 263 mm (8.0% and 20.6% of mean annual precipitation [MAP]) of water were made available following 20% and 50% forest biomass-reduction scenarios, respectively. This water was then partitioned to both streamflow and transpiration of the remaining forest, but to varying degrees depending on post-biomass-reduction precipitation levels and forest biomass-reduction intensity. During dry periods, most of the water (approximately 200 mm [15.7% on MAP] for the 50% biomass-reduction scenario) was partitioned to transpiration of the remaining trees, while less than 50 mm (3.9% on MAP) was partitioned to streamflow. This increase in transpiration during dry periods would likely help trees maintain forest productivity and resistance to drought. During wet periods, the hydrologic benefits of forest biomass reductions shifted to streamflow (200 mm [15.7% on MAP]) and away from transpiration (less than 150 mm [11.8% on MAP]) as the remaining trees became less water stressed. We also found that streamflow benefits per unit of forest biomass reduction increased with biomass-reduction intensity, whereas transpiration benefits decreased. By accounting for changes in vegetation, the vegetation-change water balance developed in this study provided an improved assessment of watershed-scale forest health benefits associated with forest biomass reductions
Beliefs about an Offender’s Capacity to Be Rehabilitated: Black Offenders Are Seen as More Capable of Change
No full textOne goal of incarceration is offender rehabilitation. We examined whether characteristics of an offender affect beliefs about rehabilitation capacity. In three studies using large samples, we investigated inferences about criminal offenders who were described as juveniles or adults (15 or 30 years old). Participants read about or were shown a picture of a White or Black actor. They judged the offender’s maturation, intentionality, and long-term goals, and indicated their rehabilitation capacity. Black offenders, regardless of age, were seen as more capable of rehabilitation, seen as possessing less intentionality, and having more positive long-term goals than White offenders. Discussion focuses on potential explanations for the data including system justification and attitudinal influence