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Vlsi Chip Design And Fabrication For Solar Panel Diagnosis System
No full textSolar photovoltaic panels (PV) are a key clean energy solution to combat global warming, with global capacity now exceeding 714 GW due to rapid technological and policy advancements in solar panels (SP). However, the efficiency and service life of SPs remain limited due to the lack of advanced fault detection systems, as SPs are prone to short circuits, open circuits, and power degradation.
This work presents a novel design of a fault-detecting very large-scale integrated circuit (VLSI), simulation results, and the complete chip layout prepared for fabrication using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology with λ = 90 nm. SP’s diagnosis circuit is designed using innovative components, such as a logic driver circuit, a novel XOR logic, and customized memory. Initially, each circuit module was individually designed and simulated using Cadence tools to verify its schematic diagrams. Following this, the modules were integrated into a unified schematic design and validated for functionality. The complete system operated at a maximum frequency of fmax = 85 MHz, allowing high-speed detection. In addition, this research introduced a new mixed-signal solution as an alternative to conventional digital sequential circuits, along with a novel decoder design that used fewer transistors. These advancements aimed to achieve reduced power consumption and save silicon area on the chip.
In addition to circuit design, this work presents a comprehensive layout design process. Compact and proper care was taken to ensure that layouts met their functional requirements while occupying minimal area. Integrated circuit layouts for both the memory module and the solar panel diagnosis module were completed. A static diode discharge pad was designed, and these pads were framed into a 32-pin pad frame. The layout verification process, including Design Rule Check (DRC) and Layout Versus Schematic (LVS) checks, ensured the reliability and manufacturability of the circuits. This dissertation contributes to the advancement of VLSI design by providing practical methodologies for integrating solar diagnostic systems and innovative circuit modules into modern VLSI chips.
Index Terms - Design Rule Check, diagnosis system, layout versus schematic, solar photovoltaic panels, TSMC, VLSI
Breaking Ranks: Recognizing Hiring Bias Associated With Different Military Branches
No full textThis study aimed to address the gap in research on hiring biases against military veterans, with a focus on branch-specific discrimination. While prior research has examined general veteran employment challenges, no existing scholarly studies have explored how stereotypes tied to a veteran’s branch of service influence hiring outcomes. Current approaches, such as diversity and inclusion policies and skills translation programs, overlook subtle yet impactful branch-related implicit and explicit biases against candidates from different branches of the U.S military during the hiring process, leaving a critical gap in workforce reintegration strategies. The purpose of this study was aimed to examine how ingrained societal conditioning and initial military training contribute to persistent, branch-specific stereotypes that shape public perceptions of veterans, potentially influencing assumptions about their abilities and vulnerabilities. In addition, it investigated two key research questions: RQ1: Do military branch–specific biases exist in hiring practices? and RQ2: If so, how do they influence employers’ perceptions of veterans during the hiring process?
To answer these questions, a three-part experimental design utilizing a qualitative inductive approach, a quasi-experimental design, and a comprehensive simulation-based design was employed using a U.S. sample of hiring managers and recruiters from various
industries. Findings revealed which branch-specific stereotypes were significantly affected by employers’ assessments of suitability for certain roles, potentially resulting in underutilization of qualified talent. This study concluded that addressing branch-specific biases is essential for fostering equitable hiring practices and improving the civilian reintegration of veterans. These results highlighted the importance of targeted awareness training and evidence-based interventions necessary to ensure a fair selection of veteran candidates across all branches of service.
Keywords: hiring biases, employment, veterans, discrimination, reintegratio
Spatio-Temporal Beam-Level Traffic Forecasting In 5G Wireless Systems Using Multi-Task Learning
No full textAccurate beam-level traffic forecasting is critical for 5G wireless network optimization, yet is challenged by inherent data sparsity and multi-scale temporal patterns. This thesis presents a novel Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-based Multi-Task Learning (MTL) framework with ensemble enhancement for spatio-temporal traffic prediction. The approach used shared representations to jointly perform classification and regression, making it more effective than traditional methods at handling beam-level traffic prediction. Through systematic evaluation of six machine learning models (Linear Regression, DLinear, XGBoost, Echo State Network, Long Short-Term Memory, and GRU-MTL) across three sequence lengths (168/24/8-hour), we demonstrated that: (1) the proposed MTL approach outperformed conventional machine learning approaches (for example, Mean Average Error (MAE)=0.3223 for LSTM vs. MAE=0.2136 for MTL using 168-hour sequences), leveraging shared representations to address intermittent beam activity; and (2) a weighted ensemble of top-performing models (MTL, XGBoost, Linear Regression) achieved further 1.45% improvement. Using AI for Good real-world data, we established that weekly horizons optimized accuracy for capacity planning, while the ensemble maintained robustness across temporal scales. These results offer a framework for sparse spatio-temporal traffic forecasting in 5G, balancing accuracy and practical deployment for resource allocation and congestion control.
Index Terms: 5G, DLinear, ensemble, echo state network (ESN), gate resource unity (GRU), long short-term memory (LSTM), multi-task learning, time series prediction, traffic forecasting, XGBoost
Evaluating Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions Of The Ist Algorithm In Maternal-Fetal Health Clinic: Usability And Satisfaction
No full textBackground: Standardizing substance-use screening in perinatal care is essential for optimizing clinical decision-making and promoting equitable patient outcomes. To address gaps, the Integrated Screening Tool (IST) algorithm was introduced in a Maternal–Fetal Medicine (MFM) clinic. However, 2023 data revealed inconsistent utilization. Evaluation Question: This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project evaluated: (1) How do nurse practitioners, medical doctors, and registered nurses perceive the usability of the IST algorithm for standardized drug screening in pregnancy? (2) How do these providers rate their satisfaction with the IST algorithm in managing patients with positive drug screens? Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 33 MFM healthcare professionals via Qualtrics. Data were collected over a two-week period and analyzed using descriptive statistics in Intellectus Statistics. Findings revealed variability in usability perceptions and satisfaction levels. Results: Many participants found the IST algorithm to be usable, practical, and well-integrated into existing clinical workflows, noting that it enhanced clinical decision-making and patient care. However, reported inconsistencies in its application underscored the need for standardized onboarding and reinforcement of consistent use across clinical practice. Results highlight the need for workflow redesign and education to improve adoption. Conclusion: When applied consistently, the IST algorithm is regarded as a valuable clinical decision-support tool with strong potential to improve standardized perinatal substance-use screening. Implications for Practice: Integrating the IST algorithm into onboarding processes, embedding it within electronic health record (EHR) workflows, and providing ongoing clinician education promote consistent implementation and support equitable, high-quality care for pregnant patients with substance use concerns. Keywords: prenatal, maternal, substance use, drug use, screening, universal decision-making tool, pregnancy complications, provider perception, fetal complicatio
(SI14-15) Heat Source/Sink and Chemical Reaction Effects on Micropolar MHD Nano Fluid Flow in Stretching/Shrinking Sheet
Full text linkThis paper deals with the effects of a non-uniform heat source/sink and chemical reaction on micropolar nanofluid flow in a stretching and shrinking sheet. The flow is considered as a laminar mixed convective two-dimensional steady flow. In this flow, water is considered as a base fluid, whereas iron oxide is considered to be a conventional fluid. The governing non-linear system of PDEs are transformed into a system of ODEs using the similarity transformation, and HAM is employed for obtaining solutions. For more understanding of the effects of various physical conditions, approximate results are obtained, and expressed graphically. From the results, it is concluded that the magnetic field tends to reduce the motion of the flow, whereas heat generation has a delay on it
Sense Of Belonging Of Indian International Students At A Historically Black College And University
Full text linkThis convergent mixed methods study composed of autoethnography and ethnography, explored the experiences of six Indian international students at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). While rich research exists regarding challenges faced by international students in terms of their sense of belonging in American colleges and universities, relatively little research had been conducted related to challenges specifically experienced by Indian international students. Furthermore, no studies looked at challenges experienced by Indian international students specifically at HBCUs. Instead, the studies focused on Indian international students at Predominately White Institutions (PWIs).
Drawing upon Tinto’s (1993) Model of Institutional Departure, the present study contended that, in addition to formal academic elements, Indian international students at HBCUs required informal academic elements in the form of healthy faculty/staff interactions and peer-group interactions for success in the classroom. This perspective aligned with Goodenow’s (1993) perspective, who highlighted the prime importance of a healthy sense of belonging in all students, and a need to feel accepted by, included by, and connected to their institutions. Open coding of the six interview transcripts, one of which included my own, yielded four themes regarding the experiences that influenced the sense of belonging at a HBCU: (1) With respect to “being accepted,” half of the respondents reported clique-like behavior by African American classmates; (2) With respect to “being valued,” the majority of respondents exclusively or primarily reported having African American classmates who were supportive and friendly and valued their input; (3) With respect to “being encouraged,” two-thirds of respondents exclusively reported that the HBCU’s instructors supported their efforts and made them feel welcome; and (4) With respect to “being included,” two-thirds of respondents mentioned strategies for making connections with classmates and instructors within the HBCU classroom. The themes and subthemes indicated potential areas of further improvement for this HBCU in terms of supporting the sense of belonging of its Indian international student population.
Keywords: sense of belonging, Indian international students, HBCU, Historically Black College or University, culturally responsive teaching, diversit
Developing Humanistic Clinicians: A Review of Literature
Full text linkHumanistic clinicians possess scientific and technical competence and demonstrate essential virtues like empathy, compassion, patience, love, and courage. Humanistic clinicians are trained with an emphasis on the sciences and the humanities. The humanistic clinician is therefore better equipped to care for patients, the patient’s family members, other clinicians, and themselves. Defining empathy can be problematic due to a lack of consistent definition. Relevant literature regarding empathy was reviewed before settling on a working definition. Several pedagogical approaches encourage the moral development of clinicians. The methods and purpose of those approaches are explained. Illness narratives or pathography is a particular type of narrative used to help clinicians develop humanistic qualities. The use of pathography in a narrative ethics framework is explored
(SI14-13) Study of Micropolar Ferrofluid in Non-Linear Stretching Sheet with Magnetic Field Effects
Full text linkThe present paper deals with mixed convection two-dimensional flow of micropolar ferrofluid when magnetic field presence in the system. The effects of different types of physical parameter like thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Brownian motion are considered in non-linear stretching sheet. The governing system of PDE is convert in dimensionless system of ODE using dimensionless variable . The suitable HAM is applied for solving the governing problems and obtained the results of linear velocity, micro rotational velocity, temperature, and concentration. Behaviors of different physical parameters effects are discussed through a graph. The Numerical values of skin friction, rate of heat transfer and rate of mass transfer are represented in table. From the numerical results, it is illustrated that the magnetic fields increase the fluid flow. It is also observed that the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter have positive impact in heat transfer process. The mass transfer process was delayed with Brownian motion whereas it improved with the thermophoresis parameter