11351 research outputs found
Sort by
Mediators of county-level racial and economic privilege in cancer screening
No full textBackground: Area-level social determinants of health (SDoH) impact access to cancer care and prevention. Little is known about the factors that underlie the impact of residential privilege on county-level cancer screening uptake. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study examining county-level data was obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u27s PLACES database, American Community Survey and the County Health Rankings and Roadmap database. The Index of Concentration of Extremes (ICE), a validated measure of racial and economic privilege, was examined relative to county-level rates of US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guideline-concordant screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to determine the indirect and direct effects of ICE on cancer screening uptake. Results: Across 3142 counties, county-level cancer screening rates demonstrated geographical variation ranging from 54.0% to 81.8% for breast cancer screening, from 39.8% to 74.4% for colorectal cancer screening, and from 69.9% to 89.7% for cervical cancer screening. Of note, cancer screening rates for breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer all increased from lower (ICE-Q1) to higher (ICE-Q4) privileged areas (breast: Q1 = 71.0% vs. Q4 = 72.2%; colorectal: Q1 = 59.4% vs. Q4 = 65.0%; cervical: Q1 = 83.3% vs. Q4 = 85.2%; all p \u3c 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that the observed disparities between ICE and cancer screening uptake were explained by mediators such as poverty status, lack of health insurance or employment, urban–rural location and access to primary care physicians that accounted for 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61%–67%), 85% (95% CI: 80%–89%), and 74% (95% CI: 71%–77%) of the effect on breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening, respectively. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, the association between racial and economic privilege on USPSTF-recommended cancer screening was complex and influenced by an interplay of sociodemographic, geographical, and structural factors. Understanding the underlying area-level SDoH that mediate disparities in cancer prevention strategies can help focus interventions to improve equity in cancer prevention
Predictors and Prognostic Significance of Postoperative Complications for Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
No full textBackground: The prognostic impact of major postoperative complications (POCs) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains ill-defined. We sought to analyze the relationship between POCs and outcomes relative to lymph node metastases (LNM) and tumor burden score (TBS). Methods: Patients who underwent resection of ICC between 1990–2020 were included from an international database. POCs were defined according to Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ 3. The prognostic impact of POCs was estimated relative to TBS categories (i.e., high and low) and lymph node status (i.e., N0 or N1). Results: Among 553 patients who underwent curative-intent resection for ICC, 128 (23.1%) individuals experienced POCs. Low TBS/N0 patients who experienced POCs presented with a higher risk of recurrence and death (3-year cumulative recurrence rate; POCs: 74.8% vs. no POCs: 43.5%, p = 0.006; 5-year overall survival [OS], POCs 37.8% vs. no POCs 65.8%, p = 0.003), while POCs were not associated with worse outcomes among high TBS and/or N1 patients. The Cox regression analysis confirmed that POCs were significant predictors of poor outcomes in low TBS/N0 patients (OS, hazard ratio [HR] 2.91, 95%CI 1.45–5.82, p = 0.003; recurrence free survival [RFS], HR 2.42, 95%CI 1.28–4.56, p = 0.007). Among low TBS/N0 patients, POCs were associated with early recurrence (within 2 years) (Odds ratio [OR] 2.79 95%CI 1.13–6.93, p = 0.03) and extrahepatic recurrence (OR 3.13, 95%CI 1.14–8.54, p = 0.03), in contrast to patients with high TBS and/or nodal disease. Conclusions: POCs were independent, negative prognostic determinants for both OS and RFS among low TBS/N0 patients. Perioperative strategies that minimize the risk of POCs are critical to improving prognosis, especially among patients harboring favorable clinicopathologic features
Enhancing Prediction Reliability Of Deep Learning By Data Confidence For Recommendation Systems: A Case Study On Named Entity Recognition
Get PDFReliability is crucial for industrial recommendation systems. Recent advancement in deep neural networks has greatly improved the performance of modern recommendation systems. However, there is a lack of research on estimating how reliable such recommendation systems are in practical scenarios. Due to the blackbox nature of the deep learning-based systems, many times additional labor has to be involved to examine the prediction accuracy manually, which is costly and time-consuming. To address the problem, we propose a novel approach to estimate the model confidence for a deep learning-based recommendation system. Our approach utilized data statistics to improve the traditional model confidence estimation and maintain the model’s high performance. We further proposed a new evaluation metric to properly compare different prediction confidence estimation approaches. Experimental results showed that the external data statistics could effectively improve the prediction reliability by increasing confidence score, which will lead to significant reduction of the time and labors on the system’s prediction result examination.
Index Terms—Prediction Reliability, Recommendation Systems, Deep Learning, Data Confidence, Named Entity Recognitio
Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory: An Analysis Of Teen Court Decision-Making By Youth Jurors And Adult Volunteers
Get PDFFew studies have explored the effects of emotional or rational stimulations concerning juror verdicts. There has yet to be a study to examine the impact of cognitive or experiential processing on teen juror decision-making in teen courts. The survey of teen court participants after the completion of teen court jury trials was used to gauge whether rational processing or experiential processing was triggered in selecting a verdict. Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST) and juvenile decision-making theories and perspectives (The Focal Concerns Theory of Sentencing, Attribution Theory, and Formal Legal Perspective) were used to explain teen jurors’ decision-making. A sample of 107 grade, middle, and high school youth, 10 to 18 years-of-age (delinquent youth and youth volunteers), and adult teen court volunteers who are primarily judges, and attorneys was analyzed in this study.
To test whether teen court youth possess more experiential than rational processing traits, and to determine whether experiential and cognitive processing traits were more influential in the verdict/sentencing variable, analyses of variance and correlations were run. One-way ANOVA was used to measure whether the categorical variables had a measurable effect on the CEST REI variables.
This study found teen jurors were capable of making cognitive-based decisions, though there were some experiential influences on decision-making. Overall older youth seemed to be more willing to prefer complex problem-solving to prevent boredom and redundancy of the proceedings. Further comparison is required to determine whether the study’s statistical significance was derived from higher cognitive processing traits in some participants compared to other participants.
Keywords: teen court, diversion, youth jurors, decision-making, juvenile justic
(R1997) Distance Measures of Complex Fermatean Fuzzy Number and Their Application to Multi-criteria Decision-making Problem
Get PDFMulti-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is the most widely used decision-making method to solve many complex problems. However, classical MCDM approaches tend to make decisions when the parameters are imprecise or uncertain. The concept of a complex fuzzy set is new in the field of fuzzy set theory. It is a set that can collect and interpret the membership grades from the unit circle in a plane instead of the interval [0,1]. CFS cannot deal with membership and non-membership grades, while complex intuitionistic fuzzy set and complex Pythagorean fuzzy set works only for a limited range of values. The concept of a complex Fermatean fuzzy set (CFFS) is proposed to deal with these problems. This paper presents the main ideas of CFFN and its properties are studied. The proposed new distance measures for real-world problems are also discussed. A comparative study of the proposed new work is also conducted
Scenes From Mexico - IV The Playground
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/percussion/1006/thumbnail.jp
(R2056) Convergence Criteria for Solutions of a System of Second Order Nonlinear Differential Equations
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate the convergence of solutions of certain nonlinear system of two differential equations using a suitable Lyapunov functional with sufficient conditions to establish our new result. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result obtained and geometric argument to show that the solutions of the system are better rapidly converging under the criteria obtained
Structural Health Monitoring: The Use Of Acoustic Emission To Optimize The Fdm Additive Manufacturing Process
Get PDFFused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has gained widespread popularity as an affordable, versatile, and user-friendly additive manufacturing technique. However, ensuring consistent and high-quality prints remains a significant challenge. This study investigated the potential use of Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) in the form of Acoustic Emission (AE) to optimize the FDM 3D printing process, including filament defects and the selection of print parameters. AE monitoring involves the detection and analysis of acoustic waves generated during the printing post-process, providing valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of a specimen with respect to the selected print parameters and integrity of the system. Specific acoustic patterns associated with different combinations of printing parameters can be identified by capturing and analyzing AE signals.
An experimental setup was established to capture the acoustic emissions generated during tensile testing process to achieve this. Two high-sensitivity piezoelectric sensors were placed on the ASTM D638 specimen under a tensile load to record the acoustic signals in real-time. A combination of 3 levels of 3 printing parameters, 0.10/0.20/0.30 mm layer thickness, 225/200/180 °C nozzle temperature, and 70/50/30 mm/s printing speed were selected during the printing process for experimental analysis. Feature extraction methods were employed to identify distinctive characteristics in the AE signals associated with different combinations. The final results demonstrated the potential of AE monitoring as an effective tool for quality control in FDM 3D printing. The developed classification method achieved a high accuracy rate in determining the best possible combination of parameters, enabling the selection of the most efficient parameter choosing for future prints. The proposed AE monitoring approach offers a nondestructive, real-time, and cost-effective solution to detect and provide valuable information of structural health, enhancing overall quality of the FDM printing process, thereby leading to improved mechanical properties among polymer fabricated objects. Additionally, this research contributes to the advancement of quality control techniques in additive manufacturing, particularly when dealing with the use of NDE methods as manufacturers can determine the most reliable combinations of printing based on their necessities. This research explored the correlation between detected AE patterns and mechanical property characteristics through tensile testing to establish a quantitative relationship.
Index Terms— Acoustic emission (AE), additive manufacturing (AM), ASTM D638, fused deposition modeling (FDM), nondestructive evaluation (NDE), print parameters, quality control