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The Link Between Emotion And Cognition In Reading Comprehension Of Undergraduate Pre-Medical Students Enrolled At An HBCU
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to determine whether emotion affects cognition, that is reading comprehension at the college level. This qualitative study used a phenomenological approach to answer the research questions as phenomenology is appropriate to understand and assess the participants’ experience with cognition and emotion (Greening, 2019). The theoretical concepts of Constructivism, Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions, and Emotion Regulation Theory were used as a conceptual framework. Constructivist Theory was appropriate for this research, as it answered the question of learner-centered knowledge acquisition in regard to the learner’s cognition (Dewey, 1974; Kant, 1781; Piaget, 1971; Vygotsky, 1987). Both Control Value Theory of Achievement Emotions (Pekrun, 2006) and Emotion Regulation Theory (Clore, 1994; Gross, 1999) discuss the dual impacts of emotions and cognition as they affect each other. The combination of these theories answered the study’s research questions. The findings for this study of the link between emotions and cognition in reading comprehension of undergraduate pre-medical students enrolled at an HBCU include: (1) pre-exam positive emotions are related to preparation, (2) pre-exam negative emotions are related to internal stress and distraction, (3) during testing, positive emotions are related to confidence and preparation, (4) during testing, negative emotions are mainly related to internal anxiety and frustration, (5) cognition description is focused on pre-testing techniques and study skills strategies, (6) personal preference descriptions were insignificant in regards to cognition, (7) vocabulary references were insignificant in regards to cognition, (8) reflection was usually found on pre-exam descriptions, (9) emotional state affects cognition, (10) cognition is described as being affected by emotions, (11) reading material can affect comprehension, (12) positive emotions are linked to adequate comprehension, and (13) negative emotions are linked to inadequate comprehension.
Keywords: cognition, emotion, reading comprehension, reading, higher education, HBC
An Integrated Theoretical Examination Of General Strain And Identity Theory To Describe Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual (LGB) Youth Drug Use
Get PDFIn recent years, the United States has experienced an increase in LGBT+ youth perpetrating drugs, sex, and violent offenses. According to identity theory, individuals maintain three main identities that if incongruent can create friction which could lead to crime. The friction may involve the LGBT+ identity and other contributing factors such as demographics age, race, religion, level of education, adverse childhood experiences, stigmatization, discrimination, mental illness, and identity measures (masculine versus feminine identities and sexual minority identity).
This study examined how the LGBT+ identity may create a strain with an individual’s three main identities, personal, group, and societal, and how any contradicting identities may create enough strain to lead an individual toward drug use, possibly as a means of coping. This study utilized secondary data from Wave 1 of the Generations: A Study of the Life and Health of LGB People in a Changing Society, United States, 2016-2019. The sample consisted of 1,518 participants taken from the initial sample size of 366,644 individuals across the United States. The research questions were 1. What aspects of LGB identity predict drug use in LGB youth? 2. What aspects of LGB strain (stigma/discrimination/adverse childhood experiences) predict drug use in LGB youth? 3. Do sexual and gender identity strains, related to religion and mental health predict the likelihood of drug use? 4. Do negative societal perceptions of LGB individuals, childhood gender nonconformity, femininity versus masculinity, stigma, and discrimination, related to appearance as an acceptable-looking man or woman predict LGB youth drug use? The researcher used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions and binary logistic regressions to analyze the data.
The results suggest that the main contributors to LGB drug use are experiences of discrimination, feeling stigmatized, negative religious experiences/views, mental health issues, adverse childhood experiences, and given their identities sexual identity and sexual minority identity. Negative societal perceptions about LGB individuals’ appearance in terms of whether they appear masculine when identifying as a man or feminine given an identity as a woman had no significance. The study has implications for LGB individuals, advocates, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in the well-being of LGB youth.
Keywords: LGB, youth, drug use, religion, general strain, identity theor
Black Women’s Body Image, Breast Cancer, and Post Traumatic Growth
Get PDFBlack women’s body image is influenced by several factors but when women have breast cancer, a “new normal” extends from diagnosis to long after reconstruction. This pilot study examines Black women’s breast cancer experience beginning with social networks, diagnosis, health care, the medical community, and breast reconstruction, ending with PTSD and Post Traumatic Growth (PTG). A convenience sample was surveyed and a qualitative research methodology was utilized to analyze responses from Black female breast cancer survivors. Research questions included body image perceptions after surgery and post-reconstruction. The participants go through adversity, find strength, and grow, ready to face the next adventure. Chemotherapy and post mastectomy issues can change one’s body image and attitude. Results indicated participants viewed their body image and attitude more positively as early as two years post breast reconstruction, which supports the Post Traumatic Growth Theory (PTG). This research could give breast cancer survivors a better understanding of how breast cancer and reconstruction affect body image and attitude. One possibility is a newfound strength, despite or due to a breast cancer diagnosis and all that comes with it
The Jungle Flower (Five Songs of Laurence Hope)
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/choir/1007/thumbnail.jp
Exploring The Circumstances Of Juvenile Victims Of Officer-Involved Shootings
Get PDFOfficer involved shooting (OIS) incidents and racial/ethnic disparities are not new, however, academic rigor and media attention are. OIS research suggests Blacks and Latinos are more often killed by officers than Whites. Situational characteristics like being armed, mental illness, attacking officers and/or fleeing officers and environmental characteristics like economic status, racial composition, and/or violent crime have been found to correlate, predict, and/or explain these racial/ethnic disparities in OIS incidents. Media-sourced databases that catalog OIS incidents estimate there are about 1,000 OIS incidents per year in the United States. Related research suggests that media disparately portrays racial/ethnic minorities in media articles about OIS incidents. Female victims of OIS incidents do not fare any better.
One noticeable gap in the extant literature and media, however, is the age of OIS victims. Utilizing OIS data from Mapping Police Violence from 2013 to 2023 (n = 156) and other incident details collected from media articles, this dissertation explored juvenile OIS victims in three ways. Chapter One is a quantitative study that asked whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in OIS incidents that involve juvenile victims and whether those expected disparities were exacerbated by situational and/or environmental factors. Findings include that Black victims were 3.52 times more often and Latino victims were 1.37 times more often killed by officers compared to Whites. Situational and/or environmental factors regressed onto Victim Race/Ethnicity exacerbated expected racial/ethnic disparities, however, fell short of significance.
Chapter Two is a mixed-method study that asked whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in OIS incidents that involve juvenile victims, whether these victims were portrayed in media articles using frameworks like Syntax, Rationalization, Characterization, Visibility, Context, and Criminalblackman, and whether these frameworks varied by Victim Race/Ethnicity. Findings include articles more often blamed victims, justified officer conduct, demonized victims, visualized victims, situated specific OIS incidents within the broader context of police violence, and used Criminalblackman for minority juvenile OIS victims (albeit short of significance).
Chapter Three is a qualitative study that explored (1) the characteristics of female juvenile OIS victims and whether racial/ethnic disparities exist in said incidents, (2) the circumstances of these incidents and whether said incidents fit the traditional definition of OIS incidents, and (3) whether these victims were portrayed in media articles using frameworks like Good Girl/Bad Girl, Girl In Peril, Environment Type, and Adultification Bias and whether these frameworks varied by Victim Race/Ethnicity. Findings include articles more often used “bad girl” language for minority victims, more often portrayed White victims as “girls in peril,” more often portrayed minority victims as from “bad environments,” and more often “adultified” minority victims
Jardins sous la pluie (Gardens in the Rain) from Estampes
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/piano/1008/thumbnail.jp
Association between the environmental quality index and textbook outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC)
No full textBackground: Quality of cancer care received by individuals may be influenced by environmental factors resulting in inequalities within the healthcare system. We sought to investigate the association between the Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and achievement of textbook outcomes (TOs) among Medicare beneficiaries who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 to 2015 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database and merged with the US Environmental Protection Agency\u27s EQI data. A high EQI category indicated poor environmental quality, whereas a low EQI indicated better environmental conditions. Results: Among 40 939 patients, 33 699 (82.3%) were diagnosed with colon cancer, 7240 (17.7%) were diagnosed with rectal cancer, and 652 (1.6%) were diagnosed with both cancers. Median age was 76 years old (interquartile range: 70–82 years) with roughly half of patients being female (n = 22 033, 53.8%). Most patients self-reported as White (n = 32 404, 79.2%) and resided in the West region of the United States (n = 20 308, 49.6%). On multivariable analysis, patients residing in high EQI areas were less likely to achieve TO (referent: low EQI; odds ratio [OR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.89–0.99; p = 0.02). Of note, Black patients living in moderate-to-high EQI counties had a 31% decreased likelihood of reaching a TO compared with White patients in low EQI counties (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55–0.87). Conclusion: Patients residing in high EQI counties and Black race were associated with a lower likelihood of TO following resection of CRC among Medicare patients. Environmental factors may be important contributors to health care disparities and affect postoperative outcomes following CRC resection