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Certain Quadruple Hypergeometric Series and their Integral Representations
Get PDFWhile investigating the Exton\u27s list of twenty one hyper-geometric functions of four variables and the Sharma\u27s and Parihar\u27s list of eighty three hyper-geometric functions of four variables, we noticed existence of new hyper-geometric series of four variables. The principal object of this paper is to introduce new hyper-geometric series of four variables and present a natural further step toward the mathematical integral presentation concerning these new series of four variables. Integral representations of Euler type and Laplace type involving Appell\u27s hyper-geometric functions and the Horn\u27s series of two variables, Exton\u27s and Lauricella\u27s triple functions and Sharma and Parihar hyper-geometric functions of four variables are established
Review:Solutions for grand challenges in Goat and Sheep production industry
No full textGoats and sheep are valuable livestock as they produce food, such as meat, milk, fleece, and other products. In addition, goats and sheep are important both for agriculture and biomedical research. Even though these small ruminants provide essential goods, there are major obstacles preventing the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of goats and sheep. This review is significant because it summarizes major challenges facing goat and sheep production, their negative impacts, and specific science-based solutions to overcome them. These challenge areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and effective/efficient/sustainable/profitable agribusiness. The solutions include effective teaching of goat and sheep science to next generation and empowering the public, supporting and pursuing innovative and translational research, preventing and treating diseases, facilitating technology transfer, and developing sound agribusinesses. This resource is expected to be helpful to scientists, students, and goat and sheep producers. In addition, the information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will help the public better understand and appreciate challenges and opportunities in small ruminant production
Impact of an elliptical Fermi surface deformation on the energy of a spinless two-dimensional electron gas
No full textWe study the effects of an elliptical Fermi surface deformation on the energy of a two-dimensional electron gas. We consider a standard model for fully spin-polarized (spinless) electrons embedded in a uniformly charged neutralizing jellium background and treat the system in the thermodynamic (bulk) limit. We calculate exactly the energy changes of the system as a function of a parameter that gauges the elliptic deformation of the Fermi surface. The results obtained give insight on various scenarios and competing tendencies that may arise in such a system in presence of some form of internal anisotropy originating from factors such as electron\u27s anisotropic effective mass, anisotropic interaction potential or both
Survive or Thrive? Longitudinal Relation Between Chronic Pain and Well-Being
No full textBackground: The minimal literature on the relation between chronic pain and both eudaimonic (EWB) and hedonic well-being (HWB) examines the relation cross-sectionally, and most studies have examined chronic pain’s effect only on psychopathology. Methods: Using a sample of 473 midlife and older adults with chronic pain, this study examined both the cross-sectional and longitudinal relations between chronic pain and EWB and HWB in addition to psychological distress. Results: Multiple-group longitudinal structural equation modeling revealed that chronic pain was related significantly and negatively to EWB and HWB, and significantly and positively to distress among both men and women. When examined longitudinally, chronic pain at time 1 was associated significantly only with decreased EWB at time 2, suggesting chronic pain’s risk to psychological functioning, especially because of its long-term effects on future EWB. Conclusions: Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the way chronic pain is associated both with EWB and HWB, in addition to psychological distress. Further, chronic pain may have a lasting influence on EWB, while it may have little predictive value for future HWB and psychological distress. Our study supports well-being’s relevance to chronic pain research and has the potential to guide prevention strategies and treatment for chronic pain using a positive psychological framework
Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay
No full textSmall-scale vegetable and fruit crop producers in the USA use locally available commercial organic fertilizers and soil amendments recycled from municipal and agricultural wastes. Organic soil amendments provide crops with their nutrient needs and maintain soil health by modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, organic soil amendments might add unwanted elements such as toxic heavy metals or salts, which might inhibit crop growth and reduce yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity of three commercial organic amendments, chicken manure, milorganite, and dairy manure, to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay and chemical analysis of the organic amendments. The seed germination bioassay was conducted by incubating collard greens seeds to germinate in 1:10 (w/v) organic amendment aqueous extracts. Results of this work identified phytotoxic effects of chicken manure and milorganite, but not dairy manure, to collard greens. Potentially phytotoxic chemicals such as copper, zinc, nickel, and salts were also higher in chicken manure and milorganite compared to dairy manure. In particular, nickel in chicken manure and milorganite aqueous extracts was 28-fold and 21-fold, respectively, higher than previously reported toxic levels to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrate the need for more research on phytotoxicity of commercial organic soil amendments to ensure their safe use in vegetable and fruit crop production systems
BrØnsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed one-pot conversion of cellulose to furanic biocrude and identification of the products using LC-MS
No full textThe degradation of cellulose was studied using 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride acidic ionic liquids as catalysts in acetone at 120 °C for 3.5 h. The products were analyzed using LC-MS with a C18 column and 0.1% formic acid in water - methanol as the eluent solvent. Eleven cellulose degradation products were identified in the furanic biocrude formed using mass spectroscopy. The identified compounds include: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), seven products formed from aldol condensation of HMF with one to three acetone molecules, one furfural-acetone aldol product and two HMF ether products. The percent conversions of cellulose to the furanic biocrude product for the two catalysts 1-(3-proylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride were 25.7 and 19.3% respectively
Vanillin-based polymers: IV. Hydrovanilloin epoxy resins
No full textIn this study, hydrovanilloin synthesized by electrochemical dimerization of vanillin has been used as a renewable substitute for bisphenol A for the preparation of epoxy resins. The reaction of the disodium salt of hydrovanilloin:epichlorohydrin 1:2 mol ratio at 80°C for 30 min in water gave a hydrovanilloin – diglycidyl ether phenoxy resin. This hard thermoplastic resin showed Tg of 135°C and stable up to 255°C in air. On the other hand, the disodium salt of hydrovanilloin:epichlorohydrin 1:4 mol ratio at 80°C for 30 min in water gives a curable oligomer of hydrovanilloin – diglycidyl ether with 2.1 repeating units. This oligomer could be cured with aliphatic diamines: 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,6-diaminohexane, and isophorone diamine to give hard epoxy resins with Tg values of 116, 118, 149 and 146°C, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47000
Soil physical properties spatial variability under long-term no-tillage corn
No full textSpatial variability of soil physical and hydrological properties within or among agricultural fields could be intrinsically induced due to geologic and pedologic soil forming factors, but some of the variability may be induced by anthropogenic activities such as tillage practices. No-tillage has been gaining ground as a successful conservation practice, and quantifying spatial variability of soil physical properties induced by no-tillage practices is a prerequisite for making appropriate site-specific agricultural management decisions and/or reformulating some management practices. In particular, there remains very limited information on the spatial variability of soil physical properties under long-term no-tillage corn and tropical soil conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of some selected soil physical properties (soil surface temperature (ST), volumetric water content (θv), soil resistance (TIP), total porosity (θt), bulk density (ρb), organic carbon, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)) using classical and geostatistical methods. The study site was a 2 ha field cropped no-tillage sweet corn for nearly 10 years on Oahu, Hawaii. The field was divided into 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 m grids. Soil samples were collected at each grid for measuring ρb, θt, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in the laboratory following standard methods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, TIP at 10 and 20 cm depths, soil surface temperature, and θv were also measured. Porosity and ρb have low and low to moderate variability, respectively based on the relative ranking of the magnitude of variability drawn from the coefficient of variation. Variability of the SOC, TIP, and Ksat ranges from moderate to high. Based on the best-fitted semivariogram model for finer grid data, 9.8 m and 142.2 m are the cut off beyond which the measured parameter does not show any spatial correlation for SOC, and TIP at 10 cm depth, respectively. Bulk density shows the highest spatial dependence (range = 226.8 m) among all measured properties. Spatial distribution of the soil properties based on kriging shows a high level of variability even though the sampled field is relatively small