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Relationship among Body Weight, Scrotal Circumference and Sperm Quantity of Bali Bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination Center
No full textBali cattle are one of the native cattle breeds in Indonesia as a meat producer. The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between body weight and scrotal circumference and sperm quantity of Bali bulls. To accomplish this objective, primary and secondary data of Bali bulls in Baturiti Artificial Insemination (AI) Center, Bali from 2017 to 2019 were used in this research, consisted of scrotal circumference (SC), body weight (BW), semen volume (SV) and sperm concentration (SCon) (n = 9 bulls in productive age). Total Number Sperm (TNS) was calculated multiply value of SV and SCon. The data were analyzed statistically using Correlation Pearson Square. There was no significant correlation among body weight, scrotal circumference, and sperm quantity of Bali bulls in this research (P\u3e0.05). Low positive correlation was found between BW with SC (0.296), very low positive correlation with SV (0.049), very low negative correlation with SCon (-0.089) and moderate positive correlation with TNS (0.427). Moreover, SC showed low negative correlation with SCon (-0.202), very low negative correlation with SV (-0.028) and low positive correlation with TNS (0.286). In conclusion, BW showed positive correlation SC, SV and TNS, but showed a negative correlation SCon. SC had positive correlation with TNS but they showed negative correlation with SV and SCon of Bali bulls
Harvesting Electrical Energy Produced by Electrogenic Bacteria in Microbial Fuel Cells
Get PDFCellular respiration is the process by which organic matter oxidizes, and the energy stored in the chemical bonds of the food releases. Normally, cellular respiration occurs inside the mitochondria of cells; however, a unique type of bacteria releases electrons externally. These specialized organisms are called electrogenic bacteria. Our goal is to construct a microbial fuel cell (MFC) with electrogenic bacteria, harvest the external electrons created by cellular respiration, and channel them through an external circuit to generate electricity. Mud soil, which has a high number of electrogenic bacteria in the environment, was used to construct an MFC. In the presence of gram-negative bacteria, which exist in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, the constructed MFC delivered electrical energy to an external circuit. The MFC can generate electricity, and thereby power, from biodegradable substances and organic wastes found in the environment and landfills. They can also be used to power small devices and sensors used in day-to-day activities. To determine the effect of sugar on the growth and development of bacteria present in the MFC, the quantity of sugar administered will be monitored in relation to the power generated per day
IDEAL: An Interactive De-Anonymization Learning System
No full textIn the era of digital communities, a massive volume of data is created from people\u27s online activities on a daily basis. Such data is sometimes shared with third-parties for commercial benefits, which has caused people\u27s concerns about privacy disclosure. Privacy preserving technologies have been developed to protect people\u27s sensitive information in data publishing. However, due to the availability of data from other sources, e.g., blogging, it is still possible to de-anonymize users even from anonymized data sets. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Interactive De-Anonymization Learning system - IDEAL. The system can help students learn about de-anonymization through engaging hands-on activities, such as tuning different parameters to evaluate their impact on the accuracy of de-anonymization, and observing the affect of data anonymization on de-anonymization. A pilot lab session to evaluate the system was conducted among thirty-five students at Prairie View A&M University and the feedback was very positive
Energy of a finite three-dimensional electron gas of spinless electrons
No full textWe study a finite three-dimensional electron gas system consisting of an arbitrary number of electrons embedded in a finite cubic domain. The electrons are treated as spinless particles implying that the system under consideration represents a fully spin-polarized Fermi quantum phase of electrons. The cubic region is uniformly filled with a positive background that ensures overall charge neutrality. We apply a Hartree-Fock approach that starts with a Slater determinant wave function of normalized plane wave orbitals. The treatment enables us to obtain the energy per particle of the finite system at any given number of electrons. The potential (exchange) energy is conveniently obtained by simplifying the calculation of the ensuing two-particle integrals over the finite cubic domain in terms of expressions that involve compact analytic auxiliary functions. Results are provided for both the kinetic and potential energy per particle for various numbers of electrons. It is shown that the kinetic and the potential energy per particle converge towards their bulk thermodynamic limit values in a non-monotonic way as a function of the number of particles. The results derived may apply to finite systems of delocalized electrons in alkali metal nanoclusters in which the positive ionic core is approximated as a cubic jellium region
Interface compositions as determinants of resveratrol stability in nanoemulsion delivery systems
No full textThe incorporation of hydrophobic ingredients, such as resveratrol (a fat-soluble phytochemical), in nanoemulsions can increase the water solubility and stability of these hydrophobic ingredients. The nanodelivery of resveratrol can result in a marked improvement in the bioavailability of this health-promoting ingredient. The current study hypothesized that resveratrol can bind to caprine casein, which may result in the preservation of the biological properties of resveratrol. The fluorescence spectra provided proof of this complex formation by demonstrating that resveratrol binds to caprine casein in the vicinity of tryptophan amino acid residues. The caprine casein/resveratrol complex is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Hence, to study the rate of resveratrol degradation during processing/storage, resveratrol losses were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in nanoemulsions stabilized by bovine and caprine caseins individually and in combination with polysorbate-20. At 48 h oxidation, 88.33% and 89.08% was left of resveratrol in the nanoemulsions stabilized by caprine casein (αs1-I)/polysorbate-20 complex and caprine (αs1-II)/polysorbate-20 complex, while there was less resveratrol left in the nanoemulsions stabilized by bovine casein/polysorbate-20 complex, suggesting that oxygen degradation was involved. The findings of this study are crucial for the food industry since they imply the potential use of caprine casein/polysorbate-20 complex to preserve the biological properties of resveratrol
Energy of the Bose Laughlin quantum Hall state of few electrons at half filling of the lowest Landau level
No full textWe report exact analytical results for the energy of the Bose Laughlin state of small systems of electrons at half filling factor of the lowest Landau level. The results apply to a disk geometry and the number of particles in the system consists of up to four electrons immersed in a neutralizing jellium background. Exact calculation of various forms of energy becomes feasible after one transforms all the quantities of interest in terms of Jacobi coordinates. Analytical results of this nature serve as excellent benchmarks to test the accuracy of various computational methods and approaches used in the field
Acidic ionic liquid catalyzed liquefactions of corn cobs and switchgrass in acetone: Analysis of bio-oils using LC-MS and GC-MS
No full textThe liquefaction of corn cobs and switchgrass was studied using 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride Brønsted acidic ionic liquids as catalysts in acetone at 120 °C for 5 h. The highest biomass conversions to liquefied bio-oil for corn cobs and switchgrass are 63.4 ± 0.9 and 56.4 ± 0.9 % (w/w) respectively. The liquefied products were fractionated to polar and non-polar fractions by solvent extractions and analyzed using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC[sbnd]MS) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The weights of polar fraction : non-polar fraction was 2 : 1 for all liquefied bio-oils. Sixteen products were identified from the polar fractions of liquefied bio-oils, whereas nineteen products were identified from methylene chloride soluble non-polar fractions. The compounds formed as a result of cross aldol condensations of biomass derived furans furfural and 5-hydrxymrthylfurfural with one or more acetone molecules were identified in bio-oils. Four lignin derived compounds were also found in non-polar factions of liquefied bio-oils. Corn cobs with higher hemicellulose content produced higher liquefaction product yields indicating that hemicellulose is more easily liquefied under the conditions used. The two catalysts, 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride produced practically comparable liquefaction yields, showing that structural effect of one methylene group in the catalyst is not significant
Games with adaptation and mitigation
No full textWe formulate and study a nonlinear game of n symmetric countries that produce, pollute, and spend part of their revenue on pollution mitigation and environmental adaptation. The optimal emission, adaptation, and mitigation investments are analyzed in both Nash equilibrium and cooperative cases. Modeling assumptions and outcomes are compared to other publications in this fast-developing area of environmental economics. In particular, our analysis implies that: (a) mitigation is more effective than adaptation in a crowded multi-country world; (b) mitigation increases the effectiveness of adaptation; (c) the optimal ratio between mitigation and adaptation investments in the competitive case is larger for more productive countries and is smaller when more countries are involved in the game
On North-South interaction and environmental adaptation
No full textWe offer a simple analytic framework for modelling an asymmetric multi-country world that faces negative impacts of climate change. A two-player asymmetric game combines economic efficiency and environmental vulnerability in the North-South competitive system. Comparison of competitive (Nash equilibrium) and cooperative strategies sheds a new light on integration between international and domestic climate policies. Focusing on the economic and environmental inequalities, we analyse the range of strategies that ensure positive payoffs for both North and South. Modelling alternatives for adaptation, mitigation, and international transfer are discussed and analysed in this framework
Interface compositions as determinants of resveratrol stability in nanoemulsion delivery systems
No full textThe incorporation of hydrophobic ingredients, such as resveratrol (a fat-soluble phytochemical), in nanoemulsions can increase the water solubility and stability of these hydrophobic ingredients. The nanodelivery of resveratrol can result in a marked improvement in the bioavailability of this health-promoting ingredient. The current study hypothesized that resveratrol can bind to caprine casein, which may result in the preservation of the biological properties of resveratrol. The fluorescence spectra provided proof of this complex formation by demonstrating that resveratrol binds to caprine casein in the vicinity of tryptophan amino acid residues. The caprine casein/resveratrol complex is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Hence, to study the rate of resveratrol degradation during processing/storage, resveratrol losses were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in nanoemulsions stabilized by bovine and caprine caseins individually and in combination with polysorbate-20. At 48 h oxidation, 88.33% and 89.08% was left of resveratrol in the nanoemulsions stabilized by caprine casein (αs1-I)/polysorbate-20 complex and caprine (αs1-II)/polysorbate-20 complex, while there was less resveratrol left in the nanoemulsions stabilized by bovine casein/polysorbate-20 complex, suggesting that oxygen degradation was involved. The findings of this study are crucial for the food industry since they imply the potential use of caprine casein/polysorbate-20 complex to preserve the biological properties of resveratrol